Soka University Repository / 創価大学機関リポジトリ
Not a member yet
5862 research outputs found
Sort by
The Japanese Discourse on Japan-South Korea Relations under the Moon Jae-in Government
Get PDFdepartmental bulletin pape
The functions of dermatan sulphate in stem cells.
Get PDF創価大学博士（工学）Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) have self-renewal and pluripotency. Various signals and growth factors maintain undifferentiated state and regulate differentiation of mESCs. Glycosylation is a one of the post-translational modifications. Glycans have various structures and are conjugated to proteins and lipids. Many proteins on the cell surface and secreted proteins are glycosylated and contribute to important biological phenomena. The signal regulation is one of them, in which signal ligands and receptors bind to specific glycan structures. Previously, we and other groups reported that heparan sulphate, one of glycosaminoglycans, contributes to maintenance of undifferentiated state and regulation of mESCs differentiation. It has been shown that chondroitin sulfate is needed for pluripotency and differentiation of mESCs, while keratan sulfate is a known marker of human ESCs / iPSCs. However, the function of dermatan sulphate (DS) in mESCs has not been fully elucidated. Here, we performed (1) induction of neuronal differentiation in mESCs and human neural stem cells adding purified DS and (2) knockdown or overexpression of the dermatan-4-O-sulfotransferase-1 (D4ST1) in mESCs. We revealed that (1) DS promotes neuronal differentiation in both mouse and human stem cells and (2) D4ST1 contributes to the undifferentiated state of mESCs.doctoral thesi
ENHANCING PHOSPHORUS SOLUBILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY FROM ANIMAL BONE: EFFECTS OF THERMOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENTS
Get PDF創価大学博士（工学）Modern agriculture relies on mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizer produced from rock phosphate. Large amount of P fertilizers application is required to ensure productivity of agricultural systems. Rock phosphate is a non-renewable and rapidly depleting resource and hence P scarcity is expected to be a bottleneck for the sustainability of crop production in the future. In addition, high production cost of P fertilizers coupled with their heavy metal contamination (e.g., cadmium and uranium) is a challenge to boost agricultural production. Therefore, attention has recently been focused on phosphorus recovery from organic sources such as animal manure, sewage and sludge, crop residues, and animal bone to meet the high demand for P and reduce contaminations associated with mineral P fertiliser production. Recovery and re-use of P from slaughterhouse waste is one of the proposed solutions to secure future P demand. Accordingly, various researches have shown bone c har ( pyrolyzed animal bone under no or low oxygen condition) as potential P fertilizer with comparatively high P content. However, P contained in bone char is often poorly available to plant. Up to date, there have been considerable variations among the reported studies in the P fertilizing effect of bone char, ranging from positive effect to non-significant effect. The low P solubility from bone char and inconsistency in the past studies calls for more studies to understand factors controlling P solubility and bioavailability in thermally treated bone which may include processing method (pyrolysis vs. combustion) and processing temperature, chemical and structural difference in different animal bone, and soil environments to be applied. In addition to this, different strategies could be used to increase the solubility of P from bone char, such as phosphorous solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs). However, studies on P release pattern from bone char with the presence of PSM are limited and it is largely unknown whether bone-char production temperature and pyrolysis technique affect the efficiency of PSM to solubilize bone-char P. Therefore, two independent experiments were conducted (i) to determine effects of bone from different animals, thermal processing method, production temperature, and soil pH on P solubility and bioavailability from thermally processed bone and understand the underlying mechanism; and (ii) Investigate how pyrolysis temperature and co-pyrolysis of animal-bone with biomass influence the potential of different PSM strains to solubilize P in bone char and elucidate the survival rate of PSM and their P solubilization potential under different soil organic carbon levels. In the first experiment, P solubility was investigated from thermally treated animal bones produced from: (i) 3 different animals (chicken, sheep, and pig); (ii) 2 thermal processing methods (pyrolysis and combustion); and (iii) 4 production temperatures (300°C, 500°C, 700°C, and 900°C). Chemical extraction, incubation, and pot experiments were performed to evaluate P availability. Infrared splitting factor (IFRS) and width of 604 cm?1 peak (FW85%) calculated from FTIR spectra, coupled with X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD) were used to determine bioapatite crystallinity of thermally treated animal bones. In the second experiment, an in-vitro assay was conducted to investigate the potential of four Penicillium strains to solubilize P from bone char produced by different pyrolysis temperatures (i.e. 450oC and 850oC) and pyrolysis techniques (i.e. conventional (BC450, BC850) and co-pyrolysis (Co-BC450 and Co-BC-850)). Incubation and pot experiment were also carried to elucidate if organic carbon (OC) input increases the survival rate of PSM and their efficacy. The result of the first experiment, clearly demonstrated that, P solubility of thermally treated bones largely depended on bone type, thermal processing method, and production temperature as well as soil pH. Chicken bone showed the highest available P content (p 5000C. The XRD and FTIR studies confirmed higher degree of crystallization for those produced from pig bone, combustion, and higher temperatures (>700oC). Infrared splitting factor and width at 85% of the height of the 604 cm?1 peak were used to assess bioapatite crystallinity, and confirmed a negative correlation between bioapatite crystallization and P availability (p < 0.001), indicating the attribution of bioapatite crystallization for low soluble P during combustion and higher temperatures. At low soil pH (pH~4), addition of thermally treated bones increased Olsen-P and plant P uptake by two- to five-folds compared with unamended soils; however, no significant variation was observed at higher soil pH (pH~7). According to the results from the second experiment, solubilized P was significantly influenced by PSM type, processing temperature and biomass addition. All the Penicillium strains solubilized 11% - 39% of bone char-P from BC450 within three weeks. In contrast, only P. bilaiae was able to solubilize 19% of bone char-P from BC850, while the others solubilized only 2% of bone char-P which was comparable with the control (i.e. non-inoculated). Compared to BC450, addition of P. expansum and P. glabrum to Co-BC450 resulted in 167% and 133% more solubilized P respectively. Similarly, addition of P. expansum, P. glabrum, and P. aculeatum to Co-BC850 resulted in 10- to 45-fold more solubilized P compared to BC850. Soil C input increased solubility of bone char-P by 34% - 48%; PSM survival rate by 22% - 76%.; and plant P uptake by 29% - 55%. These findings suggested optimum thermal valorization conditions to develop alternative P biofertilizer from slaughterhouse waste; and indicated new approach to increase P fertilizer value of animal-bone using PSM; co-pyrolysis and soil C inputs.doctoral thesi
An Analysis of Learning Content on Natural Disasters in Primary Education in China Ⅱ: A Case of Compulsory Education Elementary Standards in “Moral and Society（ Life）” and Associated Textbooks
Get PDFTaking the curriculum standards and textbooks of “Moral and Society (Life)” in primary compulsory education in China as the analysis object, this research discusses the content and characteristics of natural disaster learning in primary education in the People's Republic of China.
The results of the study show that only the field of “Health and Safety” contains learning contents related to natural disasters in the curriculum standard of “Moral and Society (Life)” in primary schools of compulsory education. This is one of the four fields set in the curriculum standard of “Moral and Life” for Year 7-8 (“Health and Safety”, “Mood and Life”, “Love and Responsibility”, “Thinking and Production”).
In addition, in the "Moral and Society” targeted at the Year 9-12, among the 6 fields set in the curriculum standard (“My Healthy Growth”, “My Family Life”, “My School Life”, “Regional Social Life”, “Country” and “Our World”), only the field of “Country” contains the learning content related to natural disasters.
The paper also analyzed the unit of “Natural Disasters” in the second volume of the Year 12 of the textbook “Moral and Rule of Law” (People’s Education Press). It was found that there are several topics related to natural disaster learning, namely the disaster situation, the occurrence factors of natural disasters, the appropriate refuge action when natural disasters occur, and the efforts to reduce the losses caused by natural disasters, the unity and cooperation formed through the struggle against natural disasters. In these topics, the importance of disaster reduction community and its value composition was emphasized. This is done by the presentation of the types and distribution of natural disasters in China.departmental bulletin pape
Climate change education（ CCE） using public data on precipitation, illness, and suicide rate and cases of epidemic prevention and disaster prevention ―Proposing teaching materials can be used in school climate change education―
Get PDFHow should we consider the balance between natural ecosystems and human survival? In order to make this question the learner’s own, we have shown 2 examples of teaching materials that can be practiced in integrated learning at school. One is learning using public data. It is a suggestion to education that illnesses and suicide rates that seem to be unrelated to the weather may change due to the ongoing climate change. The other is learning about the cases of epidemic prevention and disaster prevention, atomic bomb disaster at Hiroshima, area between natural and man-made disasters, local disaster prevention, based on the materials at that time, and suggestions for education.departmental bulletin pape
A overview and outlook of study related school field trips of special support schools for students with physical disability
Get PDF本稿は、肢体不自由特別支援学校の遠足（旅行）・集団宿泊的行事についての研究の方向性を検討した。遠足（旅行）・集団宿泊的行事の研究を概観するために、通常学校・特別支援学校や、社会教育に関する文献を検討した。また、肢体不自由特別支援学校の遠足（旅行）・集団宿泊的行事についての課題を検討し、様々な教育課程の児童生徒の実態把握や、学校におけるチーム援助のあり方等を明らかにすることなど、今後の研究の方向性について展望した。departmental bulletin pape
