Soka University Repository / 創価大学機関リポジトリ
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The Qualitative Changes in Prosecutorial Investigations under the Second Abe Administration: Focusing on Personnel Interventions in the Ministry of Justice and the Public Prosecutor’s Office
Get PDF本稿の問題意識は「検察という捜査機関は政権党の汚職疑惑に対して公平・中立に捜査することができるのか」というものであり、本稿の基本的問いは「どのような要因が検察捜査の結果を決めるのだろうか」というものである。以上の問題意識と基本的問いを踏まえ、本稿は２つの問いを提起する。すなわち、問い①「なぜ、政権党は第２次安倍政権発足前では検察捜査からの防衛に失敗し、第２次安倍政権では検察捜査からの防衛に成功しているのか」、問い②「なぜ、第２次安倍政権の末期である2019年12月以降、政権党は検察捜査からの防衛に一部失敗しているのか」というものである。 本稿は、問い①に対して仮説①「人事介入の制度化」仮説、問い②に対して仮説②「人事介入の限界」仮説を提起する。仮説①「人事介入の制度化」仮説とは、「政権党による法務・検察への『人事介入の制度化』によって、『検察への対抗手段』としての人事介入は強力で使いやすいものとなった。その結果、検察捜査に対する立件中止の政治的リスクが低下し、政権党は検察捜査を抑え込みやすくなった」というものである。仮説②「人事介入の限界」仮説とは、「『検察官の身分保障』という『人事介入の限界』によって、政権党の法務・検察への人事介入が争点化し、『検察への対抗手段』としての人事介入は強力だが使いにくいものとなった。その結果、検察捜査に対する立件中止の政治的リスクが高まり、政権党は検察捜査を抑え込みにくくなった」というものである。 以上の仮説を法務・検察の人事データ分析と比較事例分析によって検証していく。departmental bulletin pape
Effect of plastic-type and photocatalyst concentration on plastic film degradation using TIO2
Get PDFMicroplastics, small plastic pieces less than 5 mm in size, are one of the most con- cerning pollutants that can be harmful to the environment and its biota today. Because of their high abundance and small particle size, microplastics are known to be easily ingested by micro organisms and affect many organisms as they move through the food chain. In addition, there is concern that microplastics can be vectors of hazardous substances as they are known to adsorb persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment. However, an efficient treatment method for removing microplastics in wastewater has yet to be established. In recent years, research on introducing photocatalytic o idative degradation systems into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was reported for the potential removal of microplastics from wastewater. Neverthe less, previous reports only focused on developing and evaluating photocatalysts suitable for microplastic degradation, and the e amination of the effects of the types of plastic and photocat alyst concentration on microplastic degradation remains limited. The aim of this study is to eval uate the effect of plastic type and photocatalyst concentration on the degradation of plastic. We used four types of plastic films in the e periment: low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-den sity polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), where the degradation of the plastic was measured by weight. The most used and commercially available TiO2 (P25) was used as a photocatalyst with different concentrations from 0.001 to 1.0 g L-1. The plastic degradation e periment used 3.30 cm squares films with 25 to 30 µm thickness under ultraviolet light irradiation using nine black-light fluorescent lamps (6 W; wavelength: 340-400 nm). The degradation and surface morphology of the plastic film was evaluated by measuring weight loss, carbonyl inde , and scanning electron microscopy. The result showed the LDPE had the highest weight loss compared to other plastic types, which could be due to its simple structure consisting solely of C-H single bonds. Additionally, the highest degradation rate was observed when the photocatalyst concentration was 0.01 g L-1. The reason for the degradation rate decrease at concentrations above 0.01 g L-1 was probably due to the self-light shielding effect of TiO . The low degradation rate at a lower concentration of less than 0.01 g L-1 could be due to insufficient catalyst concentration. In the future, it will be important to analyze the degradation pathways by measuring intermediates during the degrading process for each plastic type.departmental bulletin pape
Deportation Order and the Best Interests of Child ～ Preliminary Discussion on the Relationship with the Principle of Non-Separation from the Parents ～
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A Survey of the Perceptions of Science Difficulties of Students in Elementary School Teacher-Training Course and Consideration of Teaching Methods Using ICT for Developing Science Teaching Skills: A Case Study of the “Moon and Sun” Unit
Get PDFIn this note, focusing on the “Moon and Sun” unit, we surveyed the Perceptions of Science Difficulties of Students in Elementary School Teacher-Training Course, and verified whether their understanding of “Moon and Sun” deepens through learning activities using the “waxing and waning of the moon AR+Jr” .
The results of the questionnaire survey indicated the following three points: 1 ） a relatively large number of students remember what they learned about the waxing and waning of the moon in elementary school, 2 ） only about half of the students understood enough to be able to explain it, and 3 ） most students did not have the confidence to teach it to elementary school students. The results of the analysis of their worksheet showed that most of the them understood not only the angular distance and the shape of the moon, but also the relationship between the two through the learning activities. However, these results are limited by the fact that the questionnaire survey and learning activities were conducted as part of a class, and there was not enough control or pre/post comparison.
This study indicates that the pedagogical methods used to develop instructional skills include strategies in order to help students develop confidence in science, to facilitate them enjoy science observations, and to provide students with an ICT tool to encourage their science activities.departmental bulletin pape
