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特集論文 創価大学における初年次教育の取り組み 国際教養学部2026年度カリキュラム改訂における初年次教育への挑戦と展望
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【Lecture】 My Fifty Years Striving to Realize Dr. Daisaku Ikeda’s Founding Ideals and Distance Learning Students at Soka University
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環状構造によるヘリックス誘起のメカニズム
No full text創価大学博士（理学）CHIBLΔF is a peptide fragment corresponding to residues 97-142 of equine β-lactoglobulin. It has a disulfide bond (Cys106-Cys119) and forms an α-helix in the regions 98-107 and 114-135. It has been known that 1) the amount of α-helix decreases when the disulfide bond is cleaved, 2) the short peptide fragments corresponding to the regions 97-110 and 111-138 do not form a helix structure, and 3) these two fragments do not form a helix when linked by a disulfide bond. From these results, it was assumed that the formation of a loop by a disulfide bond reduces the number of possible conformations of the peptide chain within the loop, and thus promotes helix nucleation. To confirm this hypothesis, three mutants (G1, G3, and G7) were generated by inserting one, three, and seven Gly residues, respectively, between residues 109 and 110 of CHIBLΔF. CD spectra and NMR showed that the amount of helix decreased with the number of inserted Gly residues. This result qualitatively supported the hypothesis that the formation of a loop reduces the number of conformations that can be taken by the peptide chain within the loop and promotes helix nucleation. In addition, the combination of the potential energy map of the dihedral angle and the statistically determined helix region of the dihedral angle revealed that the percentage of helix regions increases as the energy decreases. These results support our hypothesis that the formation of loops reduces the number of possible conformations of the peptide chain within the loop and promotes helix nucleation.doctoral thesi
南大洋季節海氷域における糞粒様Gyrodinium 属渦鞭毛虫の生理生態学的研究
No full text創価大学博士（工学）In the Southern Ocean, the extent of sea ice area reaches its maximum during the austral spring, covering approximately 2 million km2. Sea ice is crucial for regulating primary production and carbon export. Among sea ice-associated organisms, the genus Gyrodinium (Dinophyceae) is particularly significant, with their release into the water column influencing carbon flow in the lower food web. Specifically, fecal pellet-like Gyrodinium species (G. rubrum and G. heterogrammum) may contribute to carbon export, as their cells resemble fecal pellets. However, due to their appearance, they have been misclassified as fecal pellets rather than dinoflagellates, leading to potential oversight of their role in the lower food web and carbon cycle. In the current study, to understand the physiological ecology of two fecal pellet-like Gyrodinium species and their roles in the biological carbon pump in the seasonal ice zone, the following analyses were conducted 1) to estimate their prey and 2) to investigate the abundances and fluxes. Fecal pellet-like Gyrodinium cells contained Bacillariophyta, especially the genus Fragilariopsis. The cells at 60 m depth contained more sea-ice diatom F. curta than those at 150 m depth. This suggests that the in situ feeding ground differs between the two Gyrodinium species. The microscopic and quantitative PCR results indicate that G. rubrum is widely distributed from coastal polynyas to continental slope zone, whereas G. heterogrammum is confined to coastal areas. Sediment trap data showed G. rubrum flux at 60 m depth increased with sea ice melting. In contrast, G. heterogrammum fluxes at 150 and 500 m depth were observed more frequently than G. rubrum fluxes, with no apparent correlation to sea ice melting. These findings suggested that the occurrence and sinking process of G. rubrum are closely linked to sea ice melt. In contrast, those of G. heterogrammum appear to be unaffected by such changes. G. rubrum is thought to sink to below the surface mixed layer through 1) release from sea ice into the water column, 2) ingestion such as zooplankton fecal pellet and phytoplankton aggregates, and 3) change from normal to FP-like morphology. G. heterogrammum is transported from the coastal area to the continental slope zone and occurs in the winter water masses (sub-surface layer), suggesting that it may contribute to carbon export from the sub-surface layer to the lower layer. The findings provide us with a better understanding of polar biological oceanography and marine ecology.doctoral thesi
嫌気性微生物と導電性担体の共固定化ゲルの開発及びメタン発酵の性能評価
Full text link創価大学博士（工学）低コストかつ低環境負荷な有機性排水処理方法として普及が進められているメタン発酵において、近年メタン発酵槽に導電性担体（Conductive Materials: CMs）を添加することによって起こる、直接的種間電子伝達（Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer: DIET）のメカニズムを用いたメタン発酵処理の高速化が注目されている。メタン発酵はしばしば、酢酸生成菌からメタン生成菌への水素を介した電子授受過程が律速段階となる。一方DIET は、水素生成を必要とせず、添加したCMs を介して細胞外伝子伝達微生物が電子を迅速にメタン生成菌へ伝達可能なことが知られている。ここでDIET の発現には細胞外電子伝達微生物、メタン菌がCMsと直接かつ同時に接触する必要があるが、従来法では微生物もCMsも分散・流動状態であり、三者の接触効率が低いことから性能向上には限界があった。そこで本研究では、微生物とCMs の接触効率の改善を主たる目的に、CMsと微生物をゲルに同時固定化し、メタン発酵性能の向上を試みた。微生物とCMのゲルの固定化の前に、まず2種類の基質と3種のCMを用いて、DIET発現に適した培養条件及び、CMの選定を行った。その結果、エタノール基質でのみDIET が発現し、granular activated carbon (GAC)、multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) とpolyaniline (PANI)でそれぞれ約2.3、1.9、1.2 倍のメタン生成速度の向上を確認した。この結果をもとに、メタン生成速度向上とゲルへの被包括性の点でMWCNTsを選定し、共固定化ゲルを作成してエタノール基質でメタン発酵に用いたところ、分散汚泥条件と比べて約2.5 倍、分散汚泥にMWCNTs 添加した条件と比べて約1.9 倍のメタン生成速度の向上が確認された。以上の結果から、本研究で開発した共固定化技術によって、CMと微生物の接触効率改善が成功し、DIETの発現効率の向上が実現できたと考えられる。また、本提案手法を使用すれば、長期連続運転において、より高有機物負荷条件でのメタン発酵の効率的な運用が可能と期待される。doctoral thesi
Macroeconomic Policy Choices within ‘the Impossible Trinity’ and the Role of Governance in Shaping Global Trade and Investment Dynamics in Developing Economies: A Regional Comparative Analysis
No full text創価大学博士（経済学）doctoral thesi
Japan’s Move Toward the Legalization of Same-Sex Marriages Civil Society Activist Endeavors in Japan
Full text linkThis research project analyzes perceptions of civil society endeavors in Japan toward the legalization of same-sex marriages. Hereby, an explanatory mixed sequential study on the issue of discrimination under the Japanese family registration system and the Japanese constitution has been conducted to comprehend the importance of civil society in realizing basic human rights in the Japanese-specific context. Thus far, Japanese same-sex couples have relied on alternative ways, e.g., special adoption, to be able to attain some of the benefits that heteronormative couples are being granted based on their sexuality. However, this process does not absolve them of the differentiated treatment regarding, e.g., the taxation system and regular adoption processes. The establishment of same-sex partnership certificates by local governments in recent years has been a significant move towards the establishment of marriage equality. However, those certificates do not come close to providing the same legal rights and protection as marriage does.
Through this research, this thesis hopes to demonstrate the role of civil society in a given country, in this case, Japan, to achieve basic human rights. The rationale for focusing on civil society regarding this matter is based on the bottom-up approach witnessed in Japan, where the active engagement of civil society organizations reflects a grassroots initiative for the human rights of same-sex couples. The fact that civil society has been active for the sake of the human rights of same-sex couples indicates a certain level of awareness among citizens regarding this matter. The extent of this will be analyzed within this research. Furthermore, the existence of such advocacy not only highlights citizens' awareness regarding this issue but also suggests the potential for the effective implementation of the forthcoming legal framework.departmental bulletin pape
カルモジュリンを用いたイオノクロミックナノデバイスによるバイオナノマシンの制御
Full text link創価大学博士（理学）Small GTPase is one of the nucleotide-driven Bionanomachine. Interestingly mechanical function and the catalytic core of small GTPase resemble ATP-driven motor proteins. Ras is a small G-protein that stimulates downstream pathways and plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation, involving Several factors, like GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), regulating the activity of RAS proteins. GAPs stimulate the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP, converting RAS back to its inactive state, while GEFs promote the exchange of GDP for GTP, activating RAS. Calmodulin (CaM) is involved in intracellular signaling and regulatory events in many calcium-dependent processes in almost every eukaryotic cell. CaM target proteins have relatively short CaM-binding peptides, such as the M13 peptide, which bind tightly to the M13 peptide in the presence of calcium, activating the enzymatic activity. CaM is thus classified as an ionoresponsive molecular device. In this study. Modified and non-modified CaM were employed as regulatory devices, to dependently control Ras/Modified Ras with calcium ions as an activating factor. Firstly, CaM with GAP binding inhibitory peptide and M13 peptide, CaM-Gb-M13, was designed and prepared. The fusion protein exhibited H-Ras cycle ionoresponsive based regulation. Secondly, the modified Ras control part was designed by incorporating M13 peptide to the N-terminal and C-terminal of Ras to control by WT Calmodulin with Ca2+ as an activator.doctoral thesi