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Citacions i referències bibliogràfiques en estil ISO: 690:2024
No full textCompilat i adaptat per: Sònia Domènech Hernández. Coordinació: Isabel Planas Campistol i Disseny portada: BIBEC - Edicions UdGGuia per citar correctament les fonts utilitzades i/o consultades en un treball, la tesi, etc. seguint l'estil de citació ISO 690:2024. Per a l'elaboració d'aquesta guia s'ha seguit la norma UNE-ISO 690:2024
Primatology as an integrative framework to study social robots
No full textArticle that proposes considering primatology as an integrative framework for studying social robots. Primates, our closest evolutionary relatives, display complex social structures, emotional behaviors, and cognitive abilities, which provide rich analogies for the design and analysis of robots with social capabilities. Drawing a direct comparison by how primates navigate their social environments building alliances, interpreting intentions, and adapting to cultural norms might help us to gain critical insights into how robots might emulate similar processesML is supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2020–118419 GB-I00; PLEISHOATA [PID2021-122355NB-C32]). ML and TC are Serra Húnter Fellows (Generalitat de Catalunya
Transformative insights and evolving roles of women managers in Iran’s tourism industry
No full textENG- The thesis consists of three research articles: two research papers and one research note. It examines the transformative impacts of tourism leadership roles on Iranian women managers, the evolving trajectories of their managerial self-perception, and their potential to create broader workplace and social change. These themes are explored across three distinct yet interconnected research pieces. Utilizing qualitative methodologies together with a feminist epistemology (Aitchison, 2005; Pritchard, 2014), these three studies collectively generate a multi-level perspective on women managers in tourism, culminating in a conceptual framework that establishes a model for understanding how women's leadership development in restrictive contexts generates valuable shifts in organizational cultures and societal practices. By mapping the interplay between internal transformation and structural change, this study offers a new theoretical lens while equipping tourism institutions with actionable insights for fostering equitable ecosystems.
Iran is the chosen case study for this thesis, offering valuable and insightful perspectives for several reasons. While recent studies on gender in tourism have increasingly focused on women in developing countries (Efthymiadou & Farmaki, 2023), in the field of women in tourism management research has predominantly centered on Western contexts and fewer studies have explored this topic in developing regions. Examining Iran is not just another different geographical setting for a case study, as this case amplifies the voices of women in a restrictive society. Iran’s gender apartheid (ranked 143/146 in the Global Gender Gap Report 2024) and the widespread protests of 2022 serve as strong evidence of a unique case of systemic gender discrimination and inequality across the world. These factors make Iran a compelling and necessary setting for an in-depth exploration of women in tourism management.
To articulate the complex and layered nature of change revealed in the study, the thesis proposes a transformational framework grounded in existing multidimensional models. This framework traces the evolving internal traits and values of Iranian women in tourism management, demonstrating how leadership roles in the tourism industry can extend far beyond financial empowerment to shape their personalities and perspectives on gender. The shifting self-perceptions of these women, particularly during moments of social unrest in Iran, reveal that even within a restrictive patriarchal society, women continue to evolve. These women’s negotiation of gendered power within organizational structures and their capacity to act as transformative agents is further expressed through subtle yet powerful shifts in language, offering deep insight into how personal change can influence broader social transformationCAT- La tesi consta de tres articles de recerca: dos articles i una nota de recerca. S’hi examinen els impactes transformadors dels rols de lideratge en el turisme sobre les dones directives iranianes, l’evolució de la seva autopercepció com a gestores, i el seu potencial per generar canvis més amplis en l’àmbit laboral i social. Aquests temes es desenvolupen a través de tres peces de recerca distintes però interconnectades. Mitjançant metodologies qualitatives i una epistemologia feminista (Aitchison, 2005; Pritchard, 2014), els tres estudis aporten una perspectiva multinivell sobre les dones directives en el turisme, culminant en un marc conceptual que estableix un model per entendre com el desenvolupament del lideratge femení en contextos restrictius pot generar canvis valuosos en les cultures organitzatives i les pràctiques socials. En cartografiar la interacció entre la transformació interna i el canvi estructural, aquest treball ofereix una nova mirada teòrica alhora que proporciona a les institucions turístiques eines útils per fomentar ecosistemes més equitatius.
L’Iran ha estat escollit com a estudi de cas per aquesta tesi, oferint una perspectiva valuosa i reveladora per diversos motius. Tot i que els estudis recents sobre gènere i turisme han començat a posar el focus en dones de països en desenvolupament (Efthymiadou & Farmaki, 2023), el camp de recerca sobre dones en la gestió turística ha estat predominantment centrat en contextos occidentals, i pocs estudis han abordat aquesta temàtica en regions en desenvolupament. Analitzar l’Iran no és simplement treballar amb un escenari geogràfic diferent, sinó donar veu a dones que viuen en una societat restrictiva. L’apartheid de gènere a l’Iran (classificat 143 de 146 al Global Gender Gap Report 2024) i les protestes massives del 2022 són proves contundents d’un cas únic de discriminació i desigualtat sistèmica de gènere a escala mundial. Aquests factors fan de l’Iran un escenari especialment rellevant i necessari per a una exploració profunda del lideratge femení en el sector turístic.
Per articular la naturalesa complexa i estratificada del canvi revelada en l’estudi, la tesi proposa un marc transformacional basat en models multidimensionals ja existents. Aquest marc traça l’evolució de trets interns i valors de les dones iranianes en la gestió turística, demostrant com els rols de lideratge en aquest sector poden anar molt més enllà de l’empoderament econòmic i influir profundament en la seva manera de ser i de veure el gènere. Els canvis en l’autopercepció d’aquestes dones, especialment en moments de tensió social a l’Iran, evidencien que, fins i tot dins d’una societat patriarcal restrictiva, les dones continuen evolucionant. La seva capacitat per negociar les dinàmiques de poder de gènere dins les estructures organitzatives i per actuar com a agents de transformació també es manifesta a través de canvis subtils però poderosos en el llenguatge, oferint una visió profunda sobre com el canvi personal pot influir en transformacions socials més àmpliesPrograma de Doctorat en Turism
Spiritual tourism: a Sisyphean endeavour
No full textENG- This doctoral thesis investigates the phenomenon of spiritual tourism in nature. It approaches tourism not merely as a form of leisure or entertainment, but as a deeply embedded human practice. Tourism is examined as a means of meaning-making, a response to alienation, and a pursuit of authenticity, transformation, and transcendence. From this perspective, spiritual tourism is not treated as a separate subcategory, but rather as a lens through which the broader nature of tourism can be more profoundly understood. The research addresses two central questions. The first explores how and why (spiritual) tourism holds significance in contemporary human life. The second examines how tourism responds to the human pursuit of meaning and fulfilment.
These questions are explored through four empirical studies employing a qualitative, constructivist-interpretivist approach. Chapters 2 and 3 investigate how protected natural areas in China are interpreted and developed in relation to spiritual tourism. These chapters also introduce the Eastern philosophical concept of the unity between humans and nature, offering new perspectives on how spiritual tourism can be conceptualised, developed, and managed. Chapter 4 shifts the focus to the spiritual experience of transcendence in nature, encouraging a rethinking of spiritual tourism from an ontological perspective. Chapter 5 examines how tourism and everyday life are intertwined in ongoing processes of meaning-making. It challenges the traditional binary between tourism and everyday life that has long dominated tourism research. Traditional qualitative methods were used throughout, including semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, alongside a constructivist grounded theory approach. Fieldwork in protected areas of China resulted in over one hundred interviews, offering valuable insights into how individuals experience and articulate spiritual and transformative encounters.
The final reflection presents tourism as a Sisyphean journey. This metaphor captures the human tendency to seek fulfilment in a distant elsewhere, often resulting in the collapse of utopian ideals upon arrival and the repetition of cycles of longing and disillusionment. However, the research also suggests that such disillusionment may create the conditions for recognising the richness of everyday life. When travellers release their attachment to idealised destinations, they may begin to engage with life in a more grounded and authentic way. Overall, this thesis provides new theoretical insights into the nature of tourism by framing it as an existential and spiritual journey. It highlights tourism’s transformative potential and encourages a renewed understanding of its role in shaping human experienceCAT- Aquesta tesi doctoral investiga el fenomen del turisme espiritual en la natura. Aborda el turisme no simplement com una forma d’oci o entreteniment, sinó com una pràctica humana profundament arrelada. El turisme s’examina com un mitjà de construcció de sentit, una resposta a l’alienació i una recerca d’autenticitat, transformació i transcendència. Des d’aquesta perspectiva, el turisme espiritual no es tracta com una subcategoria separada, sinó com una lent a través de la qual es pot entendre més profundament la naturalesa general del turisme. La recerca aborda dues preguntes centrals. La primera explora com i per què el turisme (espiritual) té rellevància en la vida humana contemporània. La segona examina com el turisme respon a la recerca humana de sentit i plenitud.
Aquestes preguntes s’exploren mitjançant quatre estudis empírics que adopten un enfocament qualitatiu constructivista-interpretatiu. Els capítols 2 i 3 investiguen com s’interpreten i es desenvolupen les àrees naturals protegides a la Xina en relació amb el turisme espiritual. Aquests capítols també introdueixen el concepte filosòfic oriental de la unitat entre humans i natura, oferint noves perspectives sobre com es pot conceptualitzar, desenvolupar i gestionar el turisme espiritual. El capítol 4 desplaça el focus cap a l’experiència espiritual de la transcendència en la natura, promovent una nova reflexió sobre el turisme espiritual des d’una perspectiva ontològica. El capítol 5 examina com el turisme i la vida quotidiana s’entrellacen en processos continus de creació de significat. Posa en qüestió la dicotomia tradicional entre turisme i vida quotidiana que ha dominat durant molt de temps la recerca turística. Es van utilitzar mètodes qualitatius tradicionals, incloent entrevistes semiestructurades i anàlisi temàtica, juntament amb un enfocament constructivista de teoria fonamentada. El treball de camp en zones protegides de la Xina va donar lloc a més de cent entrevistes, oferint valuoses perspectives sobre com les persones viuen i expressen trobades espirituals i transformadores.
La reflexió final presenta el turisme com un viatge de Sísif. Aquesta metàfora capta la tendència humana a cercar la plenitud en un lloc llunyà, fet que sovint condueix al col·lapse d’ideals utòpics un cop s’hi arriba i a la repetició de cicles de desig i desil·lusió. Tanmateix, la recerca també suggereix que aquesta desil·lusió pot generar les condicions per reconèixer la riquesa de la vida quotidiana. Quan els viatgers deixen anar l’aferrament a destinacions idealitzades, poden començar a connectar amb la vida d’una manera més arrelada i autèntica. En conjunt, aquesta tesi ofereix noves perspectives teòriques sobre la naturalesa del turisme en presentar-lo com un viatge existencial i espiritual. Destaca el potencial transformador del turisme i promou una comprensió renovada del seu paper en la configuració de l’experiència humanaPrograma de Doctorat Interuniversitari en Turism
Directriu per a la signatura institucional en el correu electrònic de la Universitat de Girona
No full textLa present guia té com a objectiu establir unes directrius per a la configuració de la signatura institucional en el correu electrònic del personal tècnic, de gestió i d'administració i serveis (PTGAS) de la Universitat de Girona. Aquesta iniciativa s'emmarca en la voluntat de reforçar la identitat corporativa de la institució, garantir la professionalitat en les comunicacions i facilitar la identificació dels serveis i unitats administratives.
La signatura institucional és una eina de comunicació que contribueix a la transparència, la traçabilitat i la visibilitat de les persones i serveis que formen part de la UdG. Per aquest motiu, la guia incorpora indicacions sobre la tipografia corporativa, l'estructura recomanada de la signatura, l'ús del logotip institucional i la inclusió d'enllaços útils per a la comunicació directa
Solving weighted Maximum Satisfiability with Branch and Bound and clause learning
No full textMaxSAT is a widely studied NP-hard optimization problem due to its broad applicability in modeling and solving diverse real-world optimization problems. Branch-and-Bound (BnB) MaxSAT solvers have proven efficient for solving random and crafted instances but have traditionally struggled to compete with SAT-based MaxSAT solvers on industrial instances. However, this changed with the introduction of the MaxCDCL algorithm, which successfully integrates clause learning into BnB to solve unweighted MaxSAT. Despite this progress, solving Weighted MaxSAT instances remained an open challenge. In this paper, we present WMaxCDCL, the first branch-and-bound (BnB) Weighted Partial MaxSAT solver with clause learning. We describe its algorithm and implementation in detail, experimentally evaluating key aspects that are critical to achieving strong performance. Our results demonstrate that WMaxCDCL can compete with the best state-of-the-art MaxSAT solvers and, more importantly, that this new solving approach complements the existing SAT-based MaxSAT methods, which have dominated the field until now. Notably, the combination of WMaxCDCL with other techniques won the weighted track of the 2023 MaxSAT Evaluation, which is the leading annual competition for MaxSAT solvers, affiliated with the International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability TestingThis work has been supported by grants PID2022-139835NB-C21 and PID2021-122274OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF, EU, and by grant ANR-19-CHIA-0013-01 co-funded by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche and the French electricity distribution network manager Enedis. F. Manyà was supported by mobility grant PRX23/00344 of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain.
Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Elsevie
Notch nonlinearities in pseudo-ductile composite laminates: A novel LE/HE sublaminate design
No full textAttempts to achieve pseudo-ductility in quasi-isotropic (QI) thin-ply laminates have traditionally relied on stacking [LE/HE/LE] sublaminates, with LE representing low-elongation and HE high-elongation. However, the increase in effective ply thickness led to reduced unnotched strength. Alternatively, in this study, we define a new sublaminate configuration ([LE/HE]) to minimise the increase in ply-block thickness and compare experimentally such hybrid QI thin-ply laminate with a conventional thin-ply QI (
) laminate. The hybrid specimens demonstrated consistent but modest pseudo-ductile properties (ultimate-to-pseudo-yield strength ratio,
=1.1; pseudo-ductile strain,
ɛ
=0.3%). Using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and advanced dark-field X-ray imaging, we detected earlier and more pronounced deviations from linear strain fields in hybrids compared to the reference laminates. The hybrid laminates showed an 11.7% reduction in unnotched strength but a 4% increase in notched strength in Open-Hole Tension (OHT) specimens. Thus, the proposed hybridisation introduces new damage mechanisms facilitating stress redistribution, thereby recovering more nominal strength with a reduced impact on the unnotched strength. Our findings suggest viable approaches to integrate pseudo-ductility into thin-ply laminates whilst preserving the inherent advantages of ply thinnessThe authors acknowledge the funding and support of Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain for the project En pos de materiales compuestos de fibra larga híbridos, bio-basados y sostenibles para aplicaciones estructurales, Spain (SUBHYCO) (PID2021-126989OB-I00). Anbazhagan Subramani acknowledges the financial support of the Universitat de Girona, Spain for INV309_2019 and MOB2021. He would also like to thank the Universitat de Girona and Santander Universidades, Switzerland for the financial resources provided through Personal Investigador en formació (IF_UDG), 2020.
Open Access funding was provided through the CRUE-CSIC, Switzerland agreement with Elsevie
Reflections on studying school segregation in Europe through community engagement and its connections with QuantCrit
No full textThe article addresses the challenges and opportunities of implementing the QuantCrit perspective in European contexts where ethnic and racial data are not collected. It highlights how knowledge production in Europe tends to ignore racism when analyzing school segregation, using nationality as an indicator, which masks institutional racism. Community-engaged research and the QuantCrit approach help to reveal inequalities produced by racism. The case study of Salt demonstrates how anti-segregation policies fail to consider ethnoracial origins, thus perpetuating segregation. The article concludes that it is essential to generate and use data that reflect discrimination and segregation dynamics in the educational system. The QuantCrit perspective is crucial for overcoming color blindness and creating strategies that highlight racial discrimination and privileges. By engaging with communities affected by racism, researchers can challenge the dominant analysis and contribute to a more equitable understanding of school segregationOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Elsevier1
Testing the hypogenic hypothesis for the origin of granite multi-concave topography using electrical resistivity tomography: A case study from the Southern Albera Massif (Pyrenees, Spain)
No full textThe pediment developed on the unweathered granite rocks of the South Albera Massif exhibits the characteristic morphology of an exhumed weathering front, where prominent residual landforms (tors and granite boulders) coexist with >240 weathering basins that shape a typical multi-concave topography. Active hydrothermalism is observed in the area, supporting the hypothesis that such weathering depressions may also be hypogenic in origin. Here we use Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) to investigate the geo-electrical structure of the subsurface beneath four temporary ponds and associated depressions. The resistivity images reveal sub-vertical zones with resistivity low grades (150 and 450 Ohm·m) consistent with weathered granite, which spatially correlate with the shear zones identified at the surface. These weathered zones reach widths of approximately 100 m and extend vertically to depths beyond the effective ERT investigation depth (>170 m). The potential hypogenic origin of weathering depressions is supported by the following observations: (1) the occurrence of upwelling hydrothermal springs within one of the areas; (2) the widening of some weathered zones with depth; and (3) the preservation of unaltered rock masses overlaying altered zones. Spatial relationships between the studied depressions and the sub-vertical weathering structures are intricate. While some depressions entirely or partially overlap hypogenic alteration zones, in other cases, they fall outside the limits of these structures. This feature highlights the complexity of the weathering front evolution, where epigenic and hypogenic alteration processes coexist, driven by both structural factors and convergence of fluid flows of different natureThis study has been realized within the framework of the collaborative international Project consortium TREASURE (PCI2024-153436), funded under the Joint Transnational Call of the Water4All European Partnership 2022 (European Commission and the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) – Spanish State Research Agency): “Management of water resources: resilience, adaptation and mitigation to hydroclimatic extreme events and management tools”. It was also supported by the AquiPondSys grant (PID2023-147186OB-I00), funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF+ A way of making Europe". The AquiPondSys grant has also funded the contract of E. Madaula (PAS-PR-171/24) and the Grant PREP2023-001170 awarded to G. Gonzalvo-Henry.
Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Elsevie
Antioxidant coatings with selenium nanoparticles, stabilized by chitosan and nanocellulose, for active paper packaging
No full textInclou una correcció de l'article publicat a "International Journal of Biological Macromolecules", 2025 agost, vol. 319, art. num.146244This study develops active food packaging coatings using antioxidant selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs), synthesized via green chemical reduction with cationic cellulose nanofibers (CCNFs) and chitosan (CS) as stabilizers. Se NPs were incorporated into either TEMPO-oxidized or enzymatically hydrolyzed (EH) cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) using blending and in-situ synthesis methods. Se NP incorporated CNF suspensions were coated onto liners with one or two alginate layers, and the best formulation was identified based on CNF type and incorporation method. Antioxidant performance, assessed via DPPH assay, showed 98–99 % radical inhibition in coatings with 10 % Se NP-incorporated CNFs. Antimicrobial activity was less remarkable, but inhibitions of E. coli growth of up to ∼65 % were found for coated papers. Barrier properties were evaluated at different Se NP concentrations and alginate layer numbers. The highest kit value (12) was achieved with two layers of alginate and two layers of 10 % CS- or CCNF-stabilized Se NP-incorporated TEMPO CNFs (STC) via in-situ synthesis. Coated liners also reached air resistance values of ∼2000 Gurley seconds and water vapor transmission rates of ∼150–200 g/m2/day. FESEM imaging confirmed the synergistic effect of alginate and STC in reducing pore size, highlighting its potential for active food packagingThis research was received from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, project NextPack (PID2021-124766OA-I00).
Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Elsevier