25949 research outputs found
Sort by
Aromaticity of all-metal clusters
No full textThe first all-metal aromatic cluster, Al42-, face-capped by an M+ cation (M = Li, Na, Cu), was detected in 2001. Since then, several all-metal aromatic clusters have been extensively studied. Here, we review the most significant developments that have occurred mainly in our labs, including topics ranging from the difficulty of measuring aromaticity in metal clusters to the use of current techniques to investigate aromaticity in both small and large metal clustersM. S. is grateful for financial support from the Agencia Española de Investigación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) for the project PID2023-147424NB-I00 and from the Generalitat de Catalunya for the project 2021SGR623 and ICREA Academia Prize 2024. A. M.-C. is grateful for FONDECYT ANID Regular 122167
La petjada carlina a la Garrotxa: Estat de la qüestió i comparativa de gestió patrimonial
No full textAquest treball analitza la petjada històrica i patrimonial del carlisme a la comarca de la Garrotxa, amb especial atenció al seu paper durant la Tercera Guerra Carlina (1872–1876). A partir d’un enfocament historiogràfic i patrimonial, s’estudia el desenvolupament del conflicte en el context local, la seva incidència política, social i econòmica, així com la pervivència del carlisme més enllà de la derrota militar. El treball combina dues aproximacions complementàries: per una banda, una revisió del debat historiogràfic amb especial atenció a l’aportació de Lluís Ferran Toledano; i per l’altra, una anàlisi comparativa de la gestió del patrimoni carlí a la Garrotxa i al Berguedà. L’estudi revela que, malgrat la rellevància històrica dels fets ocorreguts a la Garrotxa, la memòria carlina no ha estat institucionalitzada amb la mateixa intensitat que en altres territoris, com el Berguedà, on la patrimonialització ha estat activa i transversal. La figura de Marià Vayreda emergeix com a element clau de transmissió cultural, tot i que el seu llegat acostuma a ser presentat des d’una perspectiva estrictament artística, especialment en l’àmbit literari. S’hi conclou que el carlisme a la Garrotxa representa una oportunitat pendent per a la construcció d’un relat patrimonial integrador, que superi la fragmentació actual i permeti posar en valor una part fonamental del passat comarcal.This paper examines the historical and heritage legacy of Carlism in the county of La Garrotxa, with particular focus on its role during the Third Carlist War (1872–1876). Through a combined historiographical and heritage-based approach, it explores the local development of the conflict, its political, social and economic impacts, and the persistence of Carlism beyond its military defeat. The study follows two complementary lines: firstly, a review of the historiographical debate, with special emphasis on the contribution of Lluís Ferran Toledano; and secondly, a comparative analysis of the management of Carlist heritage in La Garrotxa and the neighbouring region of El Berguedà. The research reveals that, despite the historical significance of events in La Garrotxa, Carlist memory has not been institutionalised to the same extent as in other territories, such as El Berguedà, where heritage efforts have 2
been more active and comprehensive. The figure of Marià Vayreda emerges as a key cultural transmitter, although his legacy tends to be presented primarily through an artistic lens, particularly in the literary domain. The study concludes that Carlism in La Garrotxa represents an untapped opportunity for building an integrated heritage narrative capable of overcoming current fragmentation and enhancing the value of a significant chapter in the county’s past.
Diagnòstic pastoral dels prats d'alta muntanya en un cas d'estudi al Pallars Sobirà partir de la creació d'un protocol pastoral
No full textAquest Treball de Fi de Grau s’emmarca en l’estudi dels prats montans i subalpins del Pirineu, ecosistemes d’alt valor ecològic i cultural però amenaçats pel canvi climàtic i la transformació dels usos del sòl. La reducció de la ramaderia extensiva ha comportat una doble dinàmica: abandonament de pastures en zones altes i concentració de bestiar en espais reduïts, amb efectes directes sobre la biodiversitat i la sostenibilitat del territori. El Pallars Sobirà exemplifica clarament aquest procés, marcat per l’èxode rural i la pèrdua de pràctiques tradicionals.
L’objectiu central del treball és elaborar i aplicar un protocol pastoral basat en plantes indicadores, que combini el coneixement científic amb el saber tradicional dels ramaders/es. Mitjançant un estudi de camp a diferents hàbitats i graus d’intensificació de pastura, es busca obtenir un diagnòstic inicial de l’estat de les pastures i explorar el potencial del protocol com a eina de seguiment. La hipòtesi planteja que la integració de coneixements pot millorar les estratègies de gestió i contribuir a preservar els valors ecològics i culturals dels prats pirinencsThis Bachelor’s Thesis focuses on the study of the montane and subalpine grasslands of the Pyrenees, ecosystems of high ecological and cultural value that are currently threatened by climate change and land-use transformations. The decline of extensive livestock farming has led to a dual dynamic: the abandonment of high-altitude pastures and the concentration of livestock in smaller areas, with direct effects on biodiversity and territorial sustainability. The Pallars Sobirà region clearly exemplifies this process, marked by rural depopulation and the loss of traditional practices.
The main objective of this thesis is to develop and apply a pastoral protocol based on indicator plants, combining scientific knowledge with the traditional know-how of herders. Through fieldwork in different habitats and degrees of grazing intensity, the aim is to obtain an initial diagnosis of pasture conditions and to explore the potential of the protocol as a monitoring tool. The working hypothesis suggests that the integration of knowledge can improve management strategies and contribute to preserving the ecological and cultural values of Pyrenean grasslands131
Discapacitat intel·lectual i educació inclusiva: concepcions i creences de mestres d’Educació Primària acabades de graduar
No full textThis study aims to explore the conceptions and beliefs of newly graduated Primary
Education teachers regarding intellectual disability and the inclusion of children
with this disability in mainstream school settings. Through semi-structured
interviews with seven teachers who graduated in the academic years 2022–23 or
2023–24, the research examines their knowledge and beliefs about intellectual
disability, their evaluation of the training received during their degree, and the
challenges and proposals they identify to promote inclusive education in schools.
The findings indicate that the teachers hold relatively up-to-date theoretical
conceptions of intellectual disability, but perceive their initial training as insufficient
to effectively support students with intellectual disabilities. They also highlight
several barriers to inclusion, such as a lack of resources, high student–teacher
ratios, and limited preparation to implement inclusive strategies like Universal
Design for Learning (UDL). The study concludes that it is necessary to improve
initial teacher education by embedding an inclusive perspective throughout the
curriculum, providing greater support, and transforming school culture to progress
towards truly inclusive and high-quality education.L’estudi té com a objectiu explorar la concepció i les creences de mestres acabats
de graduar en Educació Primària sobre la discapacitat intel·lectual i la inclusió
dels infants amb aquesta discapacitat en contextos escolars ordinaris. A partir
d’entrevistes semiestructurades a 7 mestres graduades els cursos 2022-23 o
2023-24, s’ha estudiat quins coneixements i creences tenen sobre la discapacitat
intel·lectual, com valoren la formació rebuda durant el grau i quines dificultats i
propostes identifiquen per afavorir la inclusió a l’escola. Els resultats mostren que
les mestres tenen una concepció teòrica bastant actualitzada de la discapacitat,
que perceben la formació rebuda com a insuficient per a l’exercici de la professió i
atendre amb qualitat a infants amb discapacitat intel·lectual, i que posen de
manifest barreres com la manca de recursos, les ràtios elevades i la poca
preparació per aplicar estratègies inclusives com el Disseny Universal de
l’Aprenentatge (DUA). Finalment, el treball conclou que cal millorar la formació
inicial incloent-hi transversalment la mirada inclusiva, garantir més suports i
transformar la cultura escolar per avançar cap a una educació realment inclusiva i
de qualitat.41
Art, desig i patologia: una anàlisi cultural dels trastorns alimentaris
No full textAquest treball analitza els trastorns de la conducta alimentària des d’una perspectiva crítica i interdisciplinària que combina salut, cultura, desig i art. Allunyant-se del model biomèdic tradicional, el projecte proposa una lectura simbòlica dels TCA, entenent-los com una resposta psicosomàtica i social al context contemporani, travessat per pressions estètiques, estructures de gènere i normes culturals.
S’explora com el desig, entès no només com a voluntat estètica sinó com a anhel de desaparèixer, resistir o transformar, opera en aquests trastorns, i com l’art pot funcionar com a espai de representació, resistència i reapropiació del cos. A través d’un recorregut per obres com Thinspiration de Laia Abril, Fasting Girls de Marta Azparren, Sostre de carn de Maria Isern o el vídeo-assaig Del peix a l’espina, d’Isern i Mireia Trias, s'evidencia com la
creació artística pot donar forma a experiències difícils de verbalitzar i qüestionar la mirada social que estigmatitza els TCA
Influence of the Host Sex on the Duration of Protection by Topical Repellents Against Mosquitoes and Ticks
No full textVector-borne diseases pose significant public health challenges globally, necessitating effective personal protection strategies against insect bites. Topical repellents have been widely used to mitigate these risks, yet their efficacy is affected by several factors, including the biological characteristics of users. Typically, studies assessing the efficacy of topical repellents require a balanced representation of participants, with a sample size of at least 10 individuals, evenly divided between females and males, to simulate the population. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between the sex of volunteers and the protection duration provided by DEET and Icaridin against four mosquito species (Culex pipiens, Anopheles gambiae, Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus), and the tick species Ixodes ricinus. Fourteen separate trials were conducted, and no significant differences in complete protection time (CPT) were observed between male and female participants. These findings suggest that the human host sex may not influence the efficacy of topical repellents significantly. Future research should focus on a more diverse range of demographic and biological characteristics to help optimise usage guidelines, contributing to better protection against vector-borne diseases in different populations and setting
El intento de implantar una 'autonomía diferenciada' en Italia: un mal comienzo con un incierto fin
No full textOn June 19, 2024, the Italian Chamber of Deputies approved Law No. 86, on provisions for the implementation of differentiated autonomy for the ordinary statute regions, in accordance with Article 116, paragraph 3 of the Constitution. The new law, which had previously passed through the Senate, establishes a procedural framework for the implementation of a possibility that has been constitutionally regulated (and not applied) since 2001: that of these regions to request the State that they are able to assume competences in up to 23 matters listed in the precept. From the outset, the brevity of this article, together with the importance of the subjects, gave rise to many doubts, including the danger of excessive asymmetry, uncertainties about funding the new regional powers, the difficulty of having to set essential levels of services in many areas as a prerequisite, the risk of widening the north-south divide, and the somewhat diminished role the law seemed to assign to Parliament in the process. The Italian Constitutional Court has dealt with these and other issues in its judgment of 14 November 2024, which has declared certain articles of the law unconstitutional and made conforming interpretations of others. This has obliged the government to send to the Parliament a new bill to complement the previous one based on the guidelines of the judgment, in order to be able to continue with the implementation of differentiated autonomy. The aim of this paper is to analyze what has happened, as well as the prospects of a process that, if it culminates as the current government intends, could substantially change the Italian regional system2024ko ekainaren 19an, Italiako Diputatuen Ganberak 86. zenbakiko Legea onartu zuen, 116 III CI artikuluarekin bat etorriz estatutu arrunteko eskualdeetatik bereizitako autonomiaren jarduerarako xedapenei buruzkoa. Lege berria lehenago Senatutik igaro zen, eta prozedura-esparru bat ezartzen du Konstituzioak 2001etik araututako (eta aplikatu gabeko) aukera bat praktikan jartzeko: eskualde horiek Estatuari eskatu ahal izatea manuan zerrendatutako 23 gairen eskumenak beren gain hartzeko. Horren urritasunak eta gaien garrantziak zalantza ugari sortu zituzten hasieratik, hala nola gehiegizko asimetria izateko arriskua, eskualde-eskumen berrien finantzaketari buruzko zalantzak, gai askotan prestazioen funtsezko mailak aldez aurreko urrats gisa finkatzeak duen zailtasuna, iparraldehegoalde desorekak areagotzeko arriskua edo legeak prozesuan Parlamentuari erreserbatzen zion nolabaiteko paper debaluatua. Italiako Gorte Nagusia gai horiek eta beste batzuk landu ditu 2024ko azaroaren 14an eman duen Epaian, zeinak Konstituzioaren aurkakotzat jo baititu legearen artikulu batzuk eta beste batzuen aldeko interpretazioak egin baititu. Hori dela eta, Jaurlaritzak lege-proiektu berri bat bidali behar izan du Legebiltzarrera, aurrekoa osatzeko, epaiaren jarraibideetatik abiatuta, autonomia bereizia ezartzen jarraitu ahal izateko. Lan honen bidez gertatutakoa aztertu nahi da, bai eta, egungo gobernuak nahi duen bezala, Italiako eskualde-sistema nabarmen alda dezakeen prozesu baten perspektibak ikertu ereEl 19 de junio de 2024 la Cámara de los Diputados italiana aprobó la Ley núm. 86, de disposiciones para la actuación de la autonomía diferenciada de las regiones de estatuto ordinario de conformidad con el art. 116 III CI. La nueva ley, que previamente había pasado por el Senado, fija un marco procedimental para la puesta en práctica de una posibilidad constitucionalmente regulada (e inaplicada) desde 2001: la de que dichas regiones puedan solicitar al Estado asumir competencias en hasta 23 materias enumeradas en el precepto. La parquedad de este, unida a la relevancia de las materias, suscitaron desde el inicio múltiples dudas relativas entre otras al peligro de una excesiva asimetría, las incógnitas sobre la financiación de las nuevas competencias regionales, lo arduo de tener que fijar los niveles esenciales de las prestaciones en muchas materias como paso previo, el riesgo de un aumento de los desequilibrios norte-sur o el papel un tanto devaluado que la ley parecía reservar al Parlamento en el proceso. La Corte Costituzionale italiana se ha ocupado de estas y otras cuestiones en su sentencia de 14 de noviembre de 2024, que ha declarado inconstitucionales algunos artículos de la ley y hecho interpretaciones conformes de otros. Ello ha obligado al Gobierno a enviar al Parlamento un nuevo proyecto de ley que complemente a la anterior a partir de las pautas de la sentencia, para poder continuar con la implantación de la autonomía diferenciada. El propósito de este trabajo es analizar lo sucedido, así como las perspectivas de un proceso que, si culmina como pretende el actual Gobierno, puede variar sustancialmente el sistema regional italianoEste trabajo se integra en el proyecto de I+D+i con referencia PID2023-146205NB-I00, financiado por MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 y por FEDER, U
EL proceso monitorio entre su revisión doctrinal y jurisprudencial y su transformación en tiempos de cambio
No full textENG- The main purpose of this PhD thesis is to analyse the order for payment procedure regulated in Articles 812 to 818 of the LEC. A good indication of its relevance can be seen in the fact that around half of the proceedings initiated by our courts are order for payment procedures.
Through this rigorous study, the reader will become familiar not only into the latest legislative developments —such as the introduction of ADR as a procedural requirement and its impact on the order for payment procedure— but also, with how other controversial issues and interpretative gaps can be resolved.
This work also includes lege ferenda proposals, notably advocating for the transformation of the traditional order for payment procedure into an “intelligent” one, in a clear attempt at modernisation and to harness the titanic progress of new technologiesCAT- L’objecte principal d’aquesta tesi és analitzar el procés monitori regulat als articles 812 a 818 LEC. Un bon exemple de la seva rellevància el trobem en el fet que, entorn a la meitat dels procediments iniciats als nostres tribunals són monitoris.
Amb aquest estudi rigorós del procés monitori, el lector coneixerà no només les últimes novetats legislatives, com per exemple, la instauració dels MASC com a requisit de procedibilitat i la seva afectació al procés monitori, sinó també, com poden resoldre’s altres aspectes controvertits i llacunes interpretatives.
Aquest treball conté, alhora, propostes de lege ferenda, destacant la conversió del monitori clàssic en un monitori intel·ligent en un clar intent de modernització i d’aprofitament de l’avenç titànic de les noves tecnologiesPrograma de Doctorat Interuniversitari en Dret, Economia i Empres
Polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) extraction technique for assessing metal interactions with organic pollutants and microplastics in aquatic systems
No full textThis study presents a novel approach for studying metal-contaminant interactions in aquatic environments, based on a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) as extraction technique, for the divalent metal ions (Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)). PIMs are designed to selectively extract metal ions, offering a simple method for assessing the free fraction of metals, which is crucial for understanding their bioavailability and potential toxicity. The PIM, composed of 40 % triacetate cellulose (CTA), 30 % di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), and 30 % tributyl phosphate (TBP), efficiently facilitates the transport of Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) into a receiving phase of 0.5 M HNO3, with the affinity following the trend Cu(II) > Zn(II) > Ni(II). All metals exhibit a linear trend in relation to the concentration of metal in the feed phase and the amount accumulated in the receiving phase, within the studied range (0.02 to 0.08 mM). Moreover, this research explores, for the first time, the potential interactions of these metals with two sulfonamide antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfamethazine (SMZ), and two types of microplastics: commercial PVC and a blend of waste plastics. Although a potential interaction is inferred between Cu(II), Zn(II), and sulfamethoxazole at higher concentrations, no significant interaction is observed for Ni(II). In contrast, sulfamethazine does not exhibit measurable interactions with any of the metal ions under the conditions studied. Additionally, microplastics show weak or negligible interactions with the metals, suggesting a minimal impact on metal extraction under the experimental conditions. Finally, the PIM-extraction technique was applied to measure free Zn levels in a river water sample impacted by drainage from an abandoned mine, and in the same matrix enriched with microplastics and SMX at environmentally relevant concentrationsAquest treball va comptar amb el suport del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU) a través del projecte PID2022-140312NB-C22/MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDE
Efficient Adsorption of Lead on Hydro-Pyrochar Synthesized by Two-Step Conversion of Corn Cob in Magnesium Chloride Medium
No full textThis study used widely available waste biomass, corn cob (CC), to remove Pb ions from aqueous solutions. A two-step conversion of this material was carried out to improve its adsorption characteristics. Firstly, CC was prepared by hydrothermal carbonization; afterward, the obtained hydrochar was doped by MgCl2 and pyrolyzed. The synthesized hydro-pyrochar (HCC-Mg) was used for adsorption experiments in a batch system. The surface and structural properties of HCC-Mg were characterized by SEM-EDX and FTIR analysis before and after Pb adsorption. Kinetic and isotherm models were applied to the experimental results. It was confirmed that Pb adsorption on HCC-Mg occurred rapidly, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 87.08 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order model best described the adsorption process, while the best fit of the experimental data was observed with the Sips isotherm model. The results of this study showed that the capacity of the synthesized HCC-Mg material had increased more than 14 times compared with raw CC. In addition, the synthesized material had the potential to be reused for at least five cycles with minimal loss of adsorption capacity and efficiency. Moreover, the results confirmed that HCC-Mg can be used as an efficient, sustainable adsorbent of Pb from polluted waterThe Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia, for the financial support, 451-03-136/2025-03/200023