25949 research outputs found
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Famílies ghaneses en context migratori: reptes i vivències en els processos de socialització i construcció identitària
No full textL'objectiu d'aquest treball és conèixer i comprendre la percepció dels pares i mares ghanesos sobre la socialització dels seus fills i filles, explorant simultàniament el procés de socialització dels joves d’origen ghanès en el context migratori.El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer y comprender la percepción de los padres y madres ghaneses sobre la socialización de sus hijos e hijas, explorando simultáneamente el proceso de socialización de los jóvenes de origen ghanés en el contexto migratorioThe aim of this study is to understand Ghanaian parents' perceptions of their children's socialisation, while simultaneously exploring the socialisation process of young people of Ghanaian origin in the context of migration3451
A statistical evaluation of the sexual dimorphism of the acetabulum in an Iberian population
No full textSex estimation is essential for human identification within bioarchaeological and medico-legal contexts. Amongst the sexually dimorphic skeletal elements commonly utilised for this purpose, the pelvis is usually preferred because of its direct relationship with reproduction. Furthermore, the posterior part of the innominate bone has proven to have better preservation within degraded contexts. With the aim of investigating the potential of the vertical acetabular diameter as a sex marker, 668 documented individuals from three different Iberian skeletal collections were randomly divided into training and test samples and eventually analysed using different statistical approaches. Two traditional (Discriminant Function Analysis and Logistic Regression Analysis) and four Machine learning methodologies (Support Vector Classification, Decision Tree Classification, k Nearest Neighbour Classification, and Neural Networks) were performed and compared. Amongst these statistical modalities, Machine Learning methodologies yielded better accuracy outcomes, with DTC garnering highest accuracy percentages of 83.59% and 89.85% with the sex-pooled and female samples, respectively. With males, ANN yielded highest accuracy percentage of 87.70%, when compared to other statistical approaches. Higher accuracy obtained with ML, along with its minimal statistical assumptions, warrant these approaches to be increasingly utilised for further investigations involving sex estimation and human identification. In this line, the creation of a statistical platform with easier user interface can render such robust statistical modalities accessible to researchers and practitioners, effectively maximising its practical use. Future investigations should attempt to achieve this goal, alongside examining the influence of factors such as age, on the obtained accuracy outcomesOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Natur
Contribution of EEG signals for students' stress detection
No full textStress is a prevalent global concern impacting individuals across various life aspects. This paper investigates stress detection using electroencephalographic (EEG) signals, which have proven valuable for studying neural correlates of stress. Stress was induced in students, and physiological data was recorded as part of the experimental setup. Different feature sets were extracted and four machine learning models, including LightGBM, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), were utilized for classification tasks. The findings indicate that the mean and standard deviation of 19 channels consistently outperform other feature sets. LightGBM demonstrates superior performance across all scenarios compared to CNN, KNN, and SVM. Overall, this study presents an effective stress detection approach using EEG signals and demonstrates the potential of integrating simple statistical features for enhanced classification accuracy. The findings contribute to the advancement of stress monitoring technologies, with potential applications in wearables and BCIs for real-time stress managementThis study was conducted with the support of the Generalitat de Catalunya, via the Consolidated Research group 2021 SGR 01125Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with IEE
Deep brain stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle promotes the extinction of active avoidance and is associated with mossy fibber sprouting in the hippocampus
No full textBackground: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) causes intrusive symptoms and avoidance behaviours due to dysregulation in various brain regions, including the hippocampus. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) shows promise for refractory PTSD cases. In rodents, DBS improves fear extinction and reduces anxiety-like behaviours, but its effects on active-avoidance extinction remain unexplored. Medial forebrain bundle intracranial self-stimulation (MFB-ICSS) enhances two-way active avoidance (TWAA) conditioning by activating brain regions involved in reinforcement, learning, and memory, including the hippocampus. Methods: This study investigates whether reinforcing DBS in the MFB enhances the extinction of conditioned active avoidance responses and examines its effects on hippocampal mossy fibber sprouting using Timm staining. We administered MFB-ICSS treatment following two 50-trial extinction sessions and assessed short-term (24 hours) and long-term (28 days) extinction in a TWAA task in rats. Results: MFB-ICSS enhances short-term extinction and accelerates long-term reacquisition of extinction in a spontaneous recovery test. MFB-ICSS also promotes mossy fibber sprouting in the CA2 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, with CA3 staining positively correlated with the level of extinction. Conclusions: These findings suggest that MFB stimulation may enhance extinction and promote neural plasticity mechanisms, including mossy fibber sprouting. However, it does not fully prevent spontaneous recovery, highlighting the need for further optimization of treatment parameters. These results are relevant for PTSD as they suggest a potential enhancement in therapy for extinguishing avoidance responses in patient
Adaptation and Preliminary Validation of the TRUST for Primary School Teachers (TRUST-PS)
No full textTeachers' social and emotional competences (SEC) are important both for their well-being and for children's development. Although there are self-report instruments that assess teachers' SEC, only the TRUST assesses them directly through challenging secondary school classroom situations that teachers have to respond to. The aim of this research is to adapt it and validate it for primary school teachers, in Catalan language. A total of 143 teachers responded to a sociodemographic questionnaire, to an adaptation of the TRUST for primary school teachers (TRUST-PS), and to an emotional intelligence questionnaire (TEIQue-SF). The results revealed that the TRUST-PS has an adequate internal consistency for their two subtests: emotion regulation (α = .83) and relationship management (α = .87). Also, a two-factor model showed good fit to the data. In conclusion, the TRUST-PS can be used to directly assess primary school teachers' SEC and be helpful for designing or evaluating teacher training
Children's perceptions of their participation rights context when living in residential care and its relationship with their subjective well-being
No full textBackground: Participation rights of children in residential care have not been frequently explored despite the positive effects of participation on their subjective well-being (SWB).
Objective: To explore the relationship of six rights-related perceptions with the SWB of children and adolescents in residential care. Participants and setting: N = 268, 9–19-year-olds living in residential care. Methods: Five rights-related perceptions were analysed according to scores in two cognitive and two affective SWB scales, through descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results: The more children feel adults at home and at school listen to them and take their say into account, the more they feel they are treated fairly by these adults, and the more they perceive adults in general in their country respect children's rights, the higher are their observed SWB scores. The majority rights-related perceptions showed significant effects on positive SWB indicators. However, only they believe that adults in general in their country respect children's rights displayed effects on Negative Affect. Girls' SWB showed lower scores than boys', and girls' rights-related perceptions displayed more effects on their SWB than boys'. Conclusions: There are important percentages of children in residential care who do not feel they are able to participate in aspects of their own lives that directly affect them and their SWB. Children in residential care display lower scores in all the positive measures, especially girls and exceptionally higher scores in the negative affect than the overall Chilean children's populationOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Elsevie
Subcutaneous Injection and brush application of ovalbumin-aluminum salt solution induces dermatitis-like changes in mice
No full textBackground: Intraperitoneal sensitization combined with topical and/or epicu- taneous treatment using an ovalbumin (OVA)-aluminum salt solution (OVA-AL) repre- sents a model for inducing atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the combination of sensiti- zation with subcutaneous treatment and cutaneous application of OVA-AL via a brush has not been explored as a method for inducing AD. Methods: Adult mice were subcuta- neously injected with OVA-AL following sensitization on days 0, 7, and 14 and were treated with OVA-AL via brush application to the dorsal skin fortnightly until days 35 and 49. Concomitant alloknesis and skin changes were assessed. Mice of the Balb/c and ICR-CD1 strains were treated with OVA-AL until day 35, with only the ICR-CD1 strain continuing treatment until day 49. Control animals received saline. At 35 and 49 days, dorsal skin was harvested and processed for histological analysis. Results: Mice treated with OVA-AL developed dry skin, with no scratching or alloknesis. Histological exami- nation of dorsal skin revealed an increase in mast cells and collagen deposition. Conclu- sions: Dermatitis-like symptoms were observed in mice treated with OVA-AL using this administration metho
Relation Between Gender and Risk in Tourism: A Data-Driven Exploration of Destination Choice
No full textThis study explores how gender influences risk perception and tourist destination choice by examining the academic literature from the Web of Science and Scopus databases spanning 1995 to 2022. Through bibliometric methods, this research uncovers patterns, leading themes, and gaps in integrating gender within tourism and risk perception studies, especially during periods of heightened global risk awareness. Using bibliometric analysis, with keywords, citations, and author networks in relevant publications, co-authorship and co-citation analyses were used to identify key contributors and thematic clusters. Data visualization through VOSviewer and SCIMAT provided insights into relational trends, while alternative metrics offered a broader perspective on research dissemination and relevance. Results indicate that gender is gradually being incorporated into research on risk and tourist destination choice but remains less central than risk perception and tourism. Research in this area tends to increase in response to global crises, such as the COVID–19 pandemic. This study examines English language publications from Web of Science and Scopus, potentially limiting the generalizability of findings to non-Western contexts. By examining temporal trends, influential authors, and alternative metrics, this analysis reveals new pathways for integrating gender more fully into tourism and risk researchE. Martinez-Garcia contribution was funded by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grant number PID2020-117459RB-C2
Deurbanizing for conservation and adapting: framing ecological restoration as a nature-based solution in La Pletera salt marsh, Catalonia (Spain)
No full textTackling climate change and biodiversity loss are two of the great global challenges of the 21st century. The nature-based solutions (NbS) approach creates an opportunity to meet efforts on the two agendas while producing other co-benefits beyond climate resilience and biodiversity conservation. This opportunity becomes even more relevant in areas with both high climate vulnerability and special interest for conservation. Coastal wetlands in the Mediterranean basin are under severe threat from urban sprawl, mass tourism and climate change. Coastal lagoons, dune systems and halophilic ecosystems are considered as priority habitats of community interest for conservation by the European Habitats Directive. In the Catalan coast, these ecosystems are fragmented and isolated, and ecological protection and restoration efforts are essential. In this context, the present work analyzes the case of de-urbanization and ecological restoration of La Pletera salt marsh by the Life Pletera project (2014–2018), interpreting it within an NbS approach and assessing its effectiveness as a strategy for climate adaptation and biodiversity conservation. The analysis brings insights for the effectiveness assessment of the project during the first years after implementation, gathers elements on the factors and constraints that made its implementation possible and reflects on future challenges so that its effectiveness is lasting in the medium and long termFinancial support was provided by the grant PID2020-114440GB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Part of this research has also received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 869296 – The PONDERFUL Project; from the TREASURE project (PCI2024-153436), funded within the framework of the Joint Transnational Call of the Water4All European Partnership, 2022; and from the Life Nature program (Life Pletera, LIFE13 NAT/ES/001001
The validity of women’s witness in court cases of gender violence
No full textIn many cases of reports about gender violence abuses, the women’s witness is not validated by the executive and judicial forces. This is fed by a patriarchal system which quite a few times minimizes the abuses, puts the victim’s witness in doubt, and adds difficulty to the judicial process. A suspicion that the accusations may be false is so much commoner than the reality of false reports. That affects not only the women who dare to speak up, re-victimizing them, but also those who are thinking of reporting these situations1