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An iterative synthesis of poly-substituted indole oligomers reveals a short effective conjugation length in eumelanin model compounds
No full textEumelanin is a multifunctional biomaterial that colors the skin, hair and eyes of mammals. Despite years of effort, its molecular structure remains unknown, limiting our understanding of its biological function and the design of synthetic mimics. In an effort to address this challenge, we report an Iterative Chain Growth (ICG) of well-defined 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) model compounds that provides direct, experimental evidence of a short effective conjugation length in the resulting oligomers. Our ICG highlights the C2-selective borylation of N-H indoles in complex settings, and the utility of Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling (SMC) to grow the chain. The resulting C2-C7′ linkage is installed selectively with good yields, affording products with up to 5-indole units. Access to these oligomers allows us to probe how DHI chain extension contributes to the emergence of sun screening in eumelanin. Our oligomers guarantee the absence of oxidized by-products that may otherwise complicate analysis, without substantially altering the photophysics of the indolic-backbone. Steady-state absorption and emission spectroscopy coupled with excited-state calculations reveal pronounced vibronic structure and excited state planarization, but only a moderate red shift with increasing chain length because of poor orbital coupling between adjoined π-systems. We conclude that eumelanin's characteristic ability to absorb visible light does not derive from long chains of fully reduced DHI sub-units. Our work takes an important step towards a more systematic exploration of eumelanin's structure through iterative synthesis, with the long-term goal of explaining the molecular origins of its propertiesComputational work at the University of Girona was supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (project Ref. PID2022-138062NB-I00) and was carried out with the use of supercomputing resources from Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya (CSUC). A. M. acknowledges Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca of Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain) and the European Social Fund for a doctoral fellowship (ref. 2021FI_B00690).
Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with RSC
Personalización del aprendizaje de las matemáticas en la Educación Superior. Una revisión sistemática
No full textThe increasing diversity of student needs has made personalized learning a central focus in contemporary higher education. Technological environments have recently gained prominence as effective tools for supporting tailored ins-tructional strategies. This study presents a systematic review of the scientific literature on proposals for personalizing mathematics learning in higher education, with a focus on the integration of digital technologies. A total of ten peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2024 were identified in the Scopus and Web of Science databases and selected based on their relevance to four key areas: personalized mathematics instruction, technological learning environments, theoretical frameworks, and evaluations of pedagogical innovations. The selected studies were analy-zed qualitatively and categorized according to the central research question: What are the main research and design proposals for personalizing mathematics learning in higher education using technological environments? The findings indicate a limited but growing body of research, emphasizing the need for more robust empirical studies and theoretical development to inform the design and implementation of personalized mathematics learning experiences at the higher educatio
5. La alfabetización mediática y el uso de los móviles en los jóvenes, un desafío educativo necesario
No full textEl avance vertiginoso de las tecnologías digitales ha redefinido la forma en que las personas interactúan, acceden al conocimiento y desarrollan sus competencias en diversos ámbitos. Este fenómeno ha tenido un impacto significativo en los contextos educativos, donde el uso de dispositivos digitales e internet no solo facilita el acceso a la información, sino que también transforma las dinámicas de aprendizaje y socialización
Dos exemplars de diplomes retrobats: Girona i Besalú, segle X
No full textAfter reviewing the 10th-century figurative copy preserved at the AHN in Madrid of a Girona document dated March 1, 913, already published in a critical edition in 2019, the author reports on the scrolls from Francesc Monsalavatje’s home, collected during the civil war in the Episcopal Palace and rediscovered in Girona’s Diocesan Archive in the early years of the 21st century. He also publishes the original text –regarded as lost in CatCar V-II, no. 447, p. 399-400– of the most venerable of the rediscovered parchments, the document of July 2, 978, by which Count-Bishop Miró Bonfill granted the monastery of Sant Pere de Besalú an allotment and grazing rights on the Tregurà mountainDesprés de fer memòria de la còpia figurada del segle X conservada a l’AHN de Madrid d’un document gironí del 1 de març del 913, ja publicat en edició crítica el 2019, l’autor dóna notícia dels pergamins procedents del domicili de Francesc Monsalvtje aplegats durant la guerra civil al Palau Episcopal i retrobats a l’Arxiu Diocesà de Girona els primers anys del segle XXI, i publica el text original –donat com a perdut a CatCar V-II, n. 447, p. 399-400– del més venerable dels pergamins retrobats: el document del 2 de juliol del 978 mitjançant el qual el comte-bisbe Miró Bonfill donava al monestir de Sant Pere de Besalú un alou i drets de pastura a la muntanya de Tregur
Protagonistes del treball ferroviari. Les guardabarreres a la demarcació de Girona
No full textThe incorporation of women into railway work dates back to the second half of the 19th century. The job of level crossing guard was demanding and poorly paid. It reduced operating costs for railway companies while supplementing the income of families connected to the railway world. This article recovers from oblivion the names of around one hundred women who held this occupation in the Girona region, both on standard-gauge railway lines and on narrow-gauge tracksLa incorporació de la dona al treball ferroviari data de la segona meitat del segle XIX. La tasca de guardabarrera de passos a nivell va ser dura i mal pagada. Estalvià diners a les companyies i complementà l’economia de famílies lligades al tren. En aquest article traiem de l’oblit el nom d’un centenar de dones que protagonitzaren aquesta ocupació, a la demarcació de Girona, tant en les línies del tren gros com la dels carrilets de via estret
Coneixement compartit: les dades de recerca a la UdG
No full textPíndola informativa de la "Setmana de l'Accés Obert a la UdG" relativa a les dades de recerca. La sessió s'ha estructurat en dues parts: la primera, sobre què són les dades de recerca, com es gestionen a la UdG, i la seva publicació en repositoris tenint en compte aspectes com: el format dels arxius, les metadades descriptives, la reutilització i bones pràctiques. I la segona, fa referència a les dades recollides al llarg de 50 anys per l' observador meteorològic de l'Estartit, Josep Pascual, entrades al repositori federat i multidisciplinar RDR (Repositri de Dades de Recerca). Es fa una avaluació exhaustiva de com les dades geoambientals històriques compleixen els principis FAIR i els requisits institucionals de la Ciència Obert
Adherence to Mediterranean diet and physical activity practice in general population: an intersectional analysis of inequalities by sex and economic status
No full textBackground: Inequalities in physical activity (PA) practice and adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) between sex or socioeconomic groups have been described. We analyzed inequalities using an intersectional approach combining sex and economic difficulties (ED) in a population-based adult sample from Girona (Spain). Methods: Cross-sectional study including 1,425 inhabitants. ED were assessed with a self-reported question on perceived ability to make ends meet and dichotomized (with/without ED). Sex and ED were employed to form four intersectional positions (men/women × with/without ED). PA was assessed using the Minnesota-Regicor questionnaire, total weekly metabolic equivalents of task were calculated, and PA was dichotomized as low (first quartile) and not low. Adherence to MD was measured with the PREDIMED questionnaire and dichotomized as non-adherence/adherence. Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were registered. We estimated crude and adjusted prevalence differences in low PA practice and non-adherence to MD corresponding to joint, referent, and excess intersectional inequalities using linear binomial regression models with identity link, which directly estimate prevalence differences in percentage points (pp). The discriminatory accuracy of the models was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Results: The prevalence of low PA was higher among women and increased by the presence of ED (26.7% vs. 40.9%). Overall, 27.8% reported ED and the four intersectional positions ranged from 10.5 to 40.3%. The adjusted joint disparity in low PA between women with ED (doubly disadvantaged) and men without (doubly advantaged) was 20.8 pp, of which 11.6 pp represented excess intersectional inequality. For non-adherence to MD, only the referent disparity for sex was statistically significant (8.54 pp). The AUC-ROC ranged from 0.62 for low PA to 0.67 for non-adherence to MD, with small increases when adding the intersectional groups. Conclusion: In this study, inequalities in adherence to MD were modest, mainly by sex and with low discriminatory accuracy, suggesting that population-wide interventions, complemented by attention to sex differences, may be more appropriate than targeted strategies. In contrast, low PA was markedly higher in women with ED than in men without. This highlights the importance of intersectional inequalities in PA and the need for universal policies that also prioritize socioeconomically disadvantaged womenThe Girona Healthy Region Study is partly funded by the Girona Health LivingLab operation, which is granted by the Projectes d’Especialització i Competitivitat Territorial (PECT) of the RIS3Cat and the Operative Programme of the European Regional Development Fund of Catalonia 2014–202
Trastorno mental y violencia de género: retos docentes para reforzar la práctica
No full textPresentación de un proyecto docente multicéntrico, interdisciplinario y colaborativo para abordar la Violencia de Género (VG) en mujeres con Trastorno Mental (TM). Con el presente proyecto se contribuye a la formación competencial en el abordaje de la VG en mujeres con TM del estudiantado universitario, no sólo del grado de enfermería, sino también de otras disciplinas de ciencias de la salud y estudios relacionados. Además, permite que el alumnado reflexione entorno a los posibles estereotipos relacionados con los TM y la VG
La mort sobtada de Joan Ia la llum d’uns exemples d'Eiximenis = The sudden death of Joan Iin the light of some examples from Eiximenis
No full textAnàlisi de la teologia de la mort sobtada de finals de l’Edat Mitjana prenent com a punt de referència diversos textos religiosos i morals i alguns relats de la ‘mors repentina et improvisa’ de Joan I, rei d’Aragó (19/05/1396). Alhora també s’analitzen ‘exempla’ de diverses obres d’Eiximenis, del Dotzè del Crestià (1387) a la Vita Christi (1403), que tenen com a protagonistes reis que són castigats per la divina providència per la seva pèssima gestió de la cosa públicaAnalysis of the theology of sudden death in the late Middle Ages, taking as a point of reference several religious and moral texts and some accounts of the "mors repentina et improvisa" of John I, King of Aragon (19/05/1396). At the same time, are also analyzed exempla from various works by Francesc Eiximenis (circa 1330-1409), from the Dotzè del Crestià (1387) to the Vita Christi (1403), which have as protagonists kings who are punished by divine providence for their terrible management of public affair
Una quaestio disputata sobre la figura del tesorero real en el Dotze del Crestià (caps. 752-755) de Francesc Eiximenis = A Quaestio disputata on the Figure of the Royal Tresaurer in the Dotzè del Crestià (Chaps. 752-755) by Francesc Eiximenis
No full textEntre los capítulos 752-755 del Dotzè del Crestià, la gran enciclopedia política de Eiximenis, tiene lugar una suerte de quaestio disputata sobre el perfil ideal del tesorero real. El marco del debate es la corte de Jaime II el Justo, rey de Aragón. Intervienen en la disputa los nobles Pere de Queralt, Guillem Ramon de Montcada, Ermengol X, conde de Urgel; el infante Juan de Aragón, patriarca de Alejandría, y el propio Jaime II, padre del infante. Las candidaturas que se barajan para trazar el perfil ideal del tesorero del rey son las de los clérigos, los judíos, los hombres castrados, los caballeros y los “notables ciutadans”. Después de discutir los pros y los contras de cada una de dichas opciones, Juan de Aragón zanja la discusión escogiendo a los “ciutadans notables” por su amplia cultura y por sus buenas relaciones tanto con el estamento caballeresco como con el mercantil. Los “notables ciutadans” a los que se refiere Eiximenis probablemente sean los juristas, notarios, abogados, médicos o fabricantes de paños de la “mano media” de las ciudades, con la exclusión de los mercaderes. Dichos ciudadanos eran el motor político de las ciudades, mientras que los mercaderes eran el motor económico. El debate es una ficción urdida por Eiximenis, que procuró inyectar verosimilitud al relato, pero al hacerlo cometió un error cronológico que pone de relieve que se trata de un producto de su imaginación. La quaestio de los capítulos 752-755 del Dotzè del Crestià tuvo una primera versión en el capítulo 430 de la misma obra. La comparación entre los dos relatos, escritos a unos cuantos años de distancia el uno del otro, pone de relieve la evolución del pensamiento político de Eiximenis hacia una reformulación radical del pactismo catalanoaragonésBetween chapters 752 and 755 of the Dotzè del Crestià, the great political encyclopedia of Eiximenis, a sort of quaestio disputata takes place regarding the ideal profile of the royal treasurer. The debate takes place in the court of Jaume II, el Just, the King of Aragon. The nobles Pere de Queralt, Guillem Ramon de Montcada and Ermengol X, count of Urgell; the Infante Joan d’Aragó, Patriarch of Alexandria, and the King of Aragon himself, the Infante’s father, take part in the dispute. The options considered for the ideal profile of the king’s treasurer are clergy, Jews, castrated men, knights, and “notable citizens.” After discussing the pros and cons of each candidate, Joan d’Aragó settles the discussion by choosing the “notable citizens” for their broad culture and good relations with both the knightly and commercial establishments. The “notable citizens” he refers to are likely jurists, notaries, lawyers, doctors, or clothiers from the “middle class” of the cities, excluding merchants. These citizens were the political engine of the cities, while the merchants were the economic engine. The debate is a fiction concocted by Eiximenis, who sought to inject verisimilitude into the story, but made a chronological error that shows it to be a fiction. The quaestio in chapters 752-755 of the Dotzè del Crestià had an initial version in chapter 430 of the same book. A comparison between the two exempla, written a few years apart, highlights the evolution of political thought toward a radical reformulation of the Catalan-Aragonese pactis