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Diels-Alder cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene to C60 and Si60 and their endohedral Li+ counterparts
No full textBoth silicon and carbon are elements located in the group 14 on the periodic table. Despite some similarities between these two elements, differences in reactivity are important, and whereas carbon is a central element in all known forms of life, silicon is barely found in biological systems. Here, we investigate the Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction of cyclopentadiene (CP) and cyclopentasildiene (CPSi) with fullerenes C60, Li+@C60, Si60, and Li+@Si60 using Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods. The results reveal distinct kinetic and thermodynamic trends that govern reactivity and selectivity. For C60, the [6,6] pathway is kinetically and thermodynamically favored, whereas for Si60, the [5,6] pathway is preferred thermodynamically but not kinetically. Introduction of lithium cations increases the reactivity of both C60 and Si60. Energy decomposition analysis unveils the importance of the components of the interaction energy between the CPSi and the corresponding fullerenes. The findings provide insights into the interplay of electronic structure, substrate reactivity, and fullerene electrophilicity in cycloaddition reactionsA.P. is a Serra Hunter Fellow and ICREA Academia Prize 2019. We thank the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103), for projects PGC2018-097722-B-I00, PID2022-138861NB-I00, CEX2021-001202-M, PID2023-147424NB-I00, and
RED2022-134939-T and the Generalitat de Catalunya for projects 2021SGR623 and 2021SGR442. S.E. thanks Generalitat de Catalunya for a FI PhD fellowship. We gratefully acknowledge the computer resources and technical support provided by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (QHS2024-2-0018, QHS-2024-2-0028, and QHS-2024-2-0039) and the Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya (CSUC)Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with American Chemical Society (ACS
Real-Time Stringing Detection for Additive Manufacturing
No full textAdditive Manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing, has gained significant traction across various industries due to its versatility and customization potential. However, the process remains time-consuming, with print durations ranging from hours to days depending on the complexity and size of the object. In many cases, errors occur due to object misalignment, material stringing due to nozzle overflow, and filament blockages, which can lead to complete print failures. Such errors often go undetected for extended periods, resulting in substantial losses of time and material. This study explores the implementation of traditional computer vision, image processing, and machine learning techniques to enable real-time error detection, specifically focusing on stringing-related anomalies. To address data scarcity in training machine learning models, we also release a new dataset and improve upon the results achieved by the Obico server model, one of the most prominent tools for stringing detection. Our contributions aim to enhance process reliability, reduce material wastage, and optimize time efficiency in AM workflow
[Ressenya] Ramon Ramon Muñoz. Oli d’oliva i cooperativisme a la Catalunya de Ponent. La Cooperativa La Granadella (1920-2022). Juneda, editorial Fonoll, 2023. 580 pp. ISBN: 978-84-126977-5-9
No full textRessenya del llibre de Ramon Ramon-Muñoz, "Oli d'oliva i cooperativisme a la Catalunya de Ponent: la Cooperativa la Granadella (1920-2022)", publicat l'any 2023 a Juneda per l'editorial Fonoll i a la Granadella per la Cooperativa la Granadell
Actas del IX Foro Responsabilidad Social Territorial (RST): contribuciones de las instituciones a nuevos contextos de paz: Roma 14-17 de abril de 2024
No full textDes del 2015, any en què l'Observatori de la Responsabilitat Social d'Amèrica Llatina i el Carib (ORSALC) va organitzar el seu III Fòrum de Responsabilitat Social Territorial a Mèrida (Mèxic), la Càtedra de Responsabilitat Social i Sostenibilitat ha participat activament en tots els fòrums organitzats amb l'ORSALC mitjançant comunicacions i ORSALC. Així mateix, hem participat en moltes jornades i formacions en línia organitzades per aquest organisme i en col·laboració amb altres. A totes aquestes activitats hem compartit les experiències que desenvolupen en responsabilitat social territorial les universitats llatinoamericanes, caribenyes i europees i hem establert una conceptualització compartida sobre aquesta matèria.
A més, des dels primers moments la Càtedra ha format part del Directori de l'ORSALC i ha participat activament en la configuració dels plans anuals i en l'anàlisi de les tendències que es generen en aquesta matèria. Per això, després de deu anys d'una estreta col·laboració, i en haver-se celebrat el IX Fòrum el 2024 a la Ciutat del Vaticà, a Europa, es va sol·licitar a la Càtedra que es responsabilitzés de l'edició dels coneixements i les tendències de futur, sobre la construcció de pau des de la perspectiva de la responsabilitat social territorial, generats en aquest IX Fòrum. Gràcies per l'oportunitat i la confiança que heu dipositat en nosaltres1
Anàlisis de la relació llacuna-aqüífer de tres basses ubicades al Baix Ter
No full textCoastal lagoons are masses of water that stand out for their ecosystemic importance and for their great
biodiversity, but also for their vulnerability to impacts. These lagoons are characterized by their relationship
with maritime waters, as they are a transitional element between terrestrial space and the sea. However, this
work has focused on studying the relationship between the lagoon and the groundwater. The study has
focused on the Baix Ter area, specifically on the Pletera natural area. La Pletera is a system of restored
wetlands, which suffered strong human pressure during the eighties, the result of an urban project. The entire
coastal lagoon system was restored through two LIFE projects. For this study, three of the six gaps that make
up this network have been chosen. The lagoons studied are Fra Ramon (FRA) of natural origin, M03 and
L04 both of artificial origin, created within the framework of the two LIFE projects. The aim of this work is
to determine its relationship with the aquifer, as well as the hydrogeological state. To achieve the objectives
of the study, methods have been carried out that evaluate the surface-subterranean relationship of the aquifer.
The methods used have been those of mass balances, concentration monitoring, mathematical models and
heat tracers. Regarding the results, it has been determined through meteorological and piezometric data that
the study area suffers from very significant water stress at the time of analysis. It has also been seen through
the evolution of the lagoons that the water in the lagoons is maintained mainly by underground contributions
throughout the year, except when there are periods of precipitation. In addition, it has been determined that at
the depth of Fra Ramon (FRA) stratification occurs during the autumn and winter weather seasons. Other results show the evolution of ions (Cland SO42-), alkalinity, nutrients (TN, PT, TOC and PT/PO43-), which
have reaffirmed the stratification in Fra Ramon (FRA). The isotopes (δ18O and δD) have shown that all the
lakes suffer the same evaporation and that in the summer months or close to them, evaporation is much more
accentuated, on the other hand, in the winter or autumn months, it is less. Finally, with principal component
analysis (PCA), some of the observed results have been confirmed. In general, this work has made it possible
to determine that the lagoons receive an underground contribution most of the year, except when
precipitation occurs, that the situation can be reversed. In addition, it has been established that the lagoon
with the most salinity is M03, and the one with the least salinity is L04Coastal lagoons are masses of water that stand out for their ecosystemic importance and for their great
biodiversity, but also for their vulnerability to impacts. These lagoons are characterized by their relationship
with maritime waters, as they are a transitional element between terrestrial space and the sea. However, this
work has focused on studying the relationship between the lagoon and the groundwater. The study has
focused on the Baix Ter area, specifically on the Pletera natural area. La Pletera is a system of restored
wetlands, which suffered strong human pressure during the eighties, the result of an urban project. The entire
coastal lagoon system was restored through two LIFE projects. For this study, three of the six gaps that make
up this network have been chosen. The lagoons studied are Fra Ramon (FRA) of natural origin, M03 and
L04 both of artificial origin, created within the framework of the two LIFE projects. The aim of this work is
to determine its relationship with the aquifer, as well as the hydrogeological state. To achieve the objectives
of the study, methods have been carried out that evaluate the surface-subterranean relationship of the aquifer.
The methods used have been those of mass balances, concentration monitoring, mathematical models and
heat tracers. Regarding the results, it has been determined through meteorological and piezometric data that
the study area suffers from very significant water stress at the time of analysis. It has also been seen through
the evolution of the lagoons that the water in the lagoons is maintained mainly by underground contributions
throughout the year, except when there are periods of precipitation. In addition, it has been determined that at
the depth of Fra Ramon (FRA) stratification occurs during the autumn and winter weather seasons. Other results show the evolution of ions (Cland SO42-), alkalinity, nutrients (TN, PT, TOC and PT/PO43-), which
have reaffirmed the stratification in Fra Ramon (FRA). The isotopes (δ18O and δD) have shown that all the
lakes suffer the same evaporation and that in the summer months or close to them, evaporation is much more
accentuated, on the other hand, in the winter or autumn months, it is less. Finally, with principal component
analysis (PCA), some of the observed results have been confirmed. In general, this work has made it possible
to determine that the lagoons receive an underground contribution most of the year, except when
precipitation occurs, that the situation can be reversed. In addition, it has been established that the lagoon
with the most salinity is M03, and the one with the least salinity is L04
Frans de Waal. El hombre que amaba a los primates
No full textBreu escrit sobre el professor d'universitat, Frans de Waal, especialitzat en primatologia i etologia, arrel de la seva mort el 14 de març de 202
Dissenyar per persuadir: tipografies publicitàries al llarg del segle XX
No full textAquest Treball de Fi de Grau es basa en la creació d'una revista fictícia.
El tema de la revista és com les tipografies publicitàries han anat evolucionant al llarg del segle XX, des de l’aparició d’Akzidenz-Grotesk (finals del segle XIX) fins la creació de Comic Sans (dècada dels noranta).
El treball té com a objectiu observar la forma en què els esdeveniments històrics, polítics i socials han influït en aquesta evolució4
Pla de comunicació per incentivar els programes de mobilitat de la Facultat de Lletres (UdG)
No full textThis Final Degree Project focuses on the development of a communication plan aimed at promoting mobility programs within the Faculty of Arts at the University of Girona. The research places internal communication at
the core of the strategy, considering it an essential tool for ensuring the effective dissemination of academic exchange opportunities. To this end, a detailed analysis of the institution has been conducted through document
review, examination of the faculties, interviews with key stakeholders, and analysis of mobility data, all aimed at establishing a comprehensive diagnosis of the current situation. Furthermore, an external comparative
perspective has contributed to the formulation of a realistic communication proposal tailored to the specific needs of the Faculty.
Based on this diagnosis, a communication plan has been designed and structured into three main stages: campaign, application, and administrative procedures, which together reflect the entire process of arranging a
mobility experience. The proposal includes segmented strategies, key messages, and scheduled actions, all adapted to the profile of the target audience. Examples of these actions involve creating infographics, visual
materials, informative sessions, and providing personalized guidance. Moreover, it is worth noting that several of these actions were implemented during the 2024–2025 academic year, yielding notable results. Finally, the
project defines a set of evaluation markers to measure the real impact of the actions and ensure their continuity. In short, the aim is to design a roadmap that can guide the Faculty’s future internal initiatives in the field of
mobility
Intervencions infermeres per al maneig del dolor en infants i adolescents amb Trastorn de l’Espectre Autista: Revisió bibliogràfica
No full textIntroduction: Children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) present with higher rates of comorbidities compared to the general population, which is often associated with increased pain levels. The communication limitations characteristic of ASD make it more difficult to express the source of discomfort, adding complexity to pain assessment and management.
Objectives: The main objective of this bibliographical review is to identify nursing interventions for the assessment and management of pain in children and adolescents with ASD. The specific objectives are: 1) To analyse how pain is expressed in children and adolescents with ASD; 2) To identify barriers to pain assessment and recognition in this population; 3) To explore the most appropriate pain assessment tools for children and adolescents with ASD; and 4) To identify effective strategies for pain management in this group.
Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted between February and April 2025. The electronic databases PubMed, Cinahl, Scopus, Science Direct, and Cochrane were consulted. The search strategy incorporated the MeSH terms autism spectrum disorder, autistic disorder, pain, pain management, and nursing. Filters were applied to limit the selection to articles published between 2019 and 2025. Only studies meeting the predefined inclusions and exclusion criteria were considered eligible for review.
Results: Ten articles were selected for this review. The selected studies included one descriptive cross-sectional study, two exploratory systematic reviews, one experimental study, two quantitative clinical studies, one review article, one retrospective clinical study, one case series study, and one clinical trial.
Conclusions: The management of pain in children and adolescents with ASD requires the adaptation of communication strategies, a comprehensive assessment combining multiple sources of information, and an interdisciplinary intervention focused on personalized care. Nursing plays a key role, as does the continuous training of professionals, to ensure quality care31
Mechanically interlocked hybrid joints between aluminium and carbon fibre reinforced polymers for automotive lightweighting
No full textENG- Multi-Material Design (MMD) of structural components is an effective strategy to reduce weight in the transportation industry, ultimately aiming to lower environmental impact. The joints between different lightweight materials play thus an important role, as they often represent the weakest part of the structure and influence overall structural efficiency.
Nevertheless, conventional technologies for mechanically fastening metals and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) either involve the drilling of holes in the composite material, which can lead to significant damage, or adding fasteners that increase the part’s weight. Alternative fastening methodologies have been proposed to overcome these drawbacks; however, their high cost, complexity, and long cycle time hinder their adoption in real production environments.
Aiming at addressing the previous shortcomings, this thesis presents the development of a new type of joining technology, Single-Step Punch Interlocking (SSPI). The proposed methodology combines aluminium and CFRP in a hybrid joint through a single-step punching process. Uncured layers of CFRP prepreg are laid on top of an aluminium sheet, and the entire assembly is punched with the CFRP side facing the punch. The punching process is stopped when the aluminium sheet is completely cut through, but the carbon fibres are not. Instead, the fibres are pushed through the aluminium hole, creating a mechanical interlock between both counterparts. The composite material is then co-cured on top of the metallic sheet.
SSPI joints combine adhesive bonding with mechanical interlocking in a fast, simple and cost-effective way, making it suitable for applications in the automotive industry. Moreover, it minimizes damage to the composite material by avoiding drilling and by forming the joint in an uncured state. Additionally, it eliminates the need for fasteners and removes part of the metallic material, reducing the overall weight of the partCAT- El Disseny Multi-Material (MMD) de components estructurals es postula com a una estratègia efectiva per tal de reduir pes en la industria del transport, amb l’objectiu final de disminuir l’impacte ambiental d’aquesta indústria. És aquí on les unions entre materials lleugers dissimilars juguen un paper important, ja que son sovint la part més feble de l’estructura i en determinen, per tant, l’eficiència estructural.
No obstant això, les estratègies convencionals per unir mecànicament metalls i Polímers Reforçats amb Fibra de Carboni (CFRP) requereixen o bé de la perforació del material compòsit, fet que pot causar danys significatius a l’estructura, o bé de la incorporació d’elements de fixació que augmenten el pes de l’estructura. Per tal de solventar aquests inconvenients, s’han proposat metodologies d’unió mecànica alternatives, però els seus alt cost, nivell de complexitat i llargs temps de cicle dificulten la seva implementació en entorns de producció reals.
Amb l’objectiu d’abordar les mancances anteriors, aquesta tesi presenta el desenvolupament d’un nou tipus de tecnologia d’unió, anomenada Single-Step Punch Interlocking (SSPI). Es tracta d’una metodologia d’unió híbrida entre alumini i CFRP que consisteix en un procés de punxonat d’un sol pas. Capes no curades de preimpregats de fibra de carboni es col·loquen sobre una làmina d’alumini, i el conjunt complert és punxonat amb la cara de CFRP encarada al punxó. El procés de punxonat s’atura quan la làmina d’alumini ha estat completament tallada, però les fibres de carboni no. Enlloc d’això, les fibres son pressionades a través del forat a l’alumini, generant un entrellaçament mecànic entre les dues contraparts. El material compòsit és llavors co-curat sobre la làmina metàl·lica.
Aquesta metodologia combina la unió adhesiva amb l’entrellaçament mecànic de manera senzilla, ràpida i econòmica, fent possible la seva aplicació a una indústria tant exigent com l’automotriu. A més a més, minimitza els danys exercits sobre el material compòsit evitant la seva perforació i realitzant la unió en estat cru del preimpregnat. Addicionalment, la metodologia elimina la necessitat d’incorporar elements de subjecció i retira part del material metàl·lic, reduint així encara més el pes total de l’estructuraPrograma de Doctorat en Tecnologia