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Razonamiento cautelar en el proceso civil
No full textEste trabajo asume los postulados de la concepción racional de la prueba y analiza los requisitos que deben o deberían cumplir las medidas cautelares en el proceso civil. Primero, se cuestiona la verosimilitud como “estándar” para acreditar el fumus boni iuris, proponiendo sustituir la verosimilitud por una probabilidad atenuada. Segundo, para el periculum in mora, se plantea la necesidad de ajustar ciertos elementos del razonamiento probatorio (probabilidad inductiva), proponiendo un marco teórico diferenciado para el tratamiento de la prueba de proposiciones respecto de hechos futuros (probabilidad estadística). Finalmente, se aborda la particularidad del error cautelar como tipo especial de error judicial: dada la naturaleza instrumental, provisional y de urgencia de las medidas cautelares, una propuesta de estándar cautelar debe considerar elementos no epistémicos para su determinación, tales como la gravedad de la medida, la información disponible, el estado del procedimiento y los bienes jurídicos involucradosThis paper adopts the principles of the rationalist conception of evidence and examines the requirements that precautionary measures must—or should—meet in civil proceedings. First, it questions the use of plausibility as a “standard” to establish the fumus boni iuris, proposing instead its replacement with a mitigated probability threshold. Second, with regard to periculum in mora, the need to adjust certain elements of evidentiary reasoning (inductive probability) is addressed, proposing a differentiated theoretical framework for the assessment of evidence concerning propositions about future events (statistical probability). Finally, the study examines the particular nature of precautionary error as a special type of judicial error. Given the instrumental, provisional, and urgent nature of precautionary measures, any proposal for a precautionary standard must take into account non-epistemic factors, such as the severity of the measure, the available information, the procedural stage, and the legal interests at stake1
La construcción del razonamiento abductivo en la función fiscal: de los enunciados fácticos a la abducción como método de investigación
No full textEl razonamiento abductivo representa un desafío metodológico central en el sistema acusatorio peruano cuando los investigadores enfrentan informaciones fragmentarias. Esta investigación examina el continuum epistemológico mediante el cual policía y fiscal construyen inferencias abductivas válidas, abordando el vacío teórico-metodológico sobre los aspectos metodológicos del razonamiento probatorio en la fase previa al juicio. El objetivo es desarrollar un modelo de construcción del razonamiento abductivo que integre sistemáticamente perspectivas jurídicas, lingüísticas y procesales mediante un enfoque epistemológico integrador. La investigación identifica el "continuum abductivo policial-fiscal", donde la "prototeoría policial" evoluciona hacia construcciones fiscales técnicamente rigurosas mediante tres operaciones epistémicas: descomposición de categorías genéricas en elementos típicos específicos, precisión terminológica y explicitación metodológica. Se analiza la construcción progresiva del razonamiento abductivo fiscal desde la Disposición de Apertura de Investigación Preliminar hasta el Requerimiento Acusatorio, evidenciando una transformación cualitativa caracterizada por grados crecientes de articulación entre enunciados fácticos corroborados. El estudio concluye que el razonamiento abductivo fiscal constituye un proceso epistemológico complejo que trasciende la aplicación de técnicas investigativas, configurándose como una metodología específica de construcción de conocimiento jurídicamente relevante que garantiza tanto la eficacia persecutoria como el respeto a las garantías procesales fundamentalesAbductive reasoning represents a central methodological challenge in the Peruvian accusatory system when investigators face fragmentary information. This research examines the epistemological continuum through which police and prosecutors construct valid abductive inferences, addressing the theoretical-methodological gap regarding methodological aspects of evidentiary reasoning in the pre-trial phase. The objective is to develop a model for constructing abductive reasoning that systematically integrates legal, linguistic, and procedural perspectives through an integrative epistemological approach. The research identifies the "police-prosecutorial abductive continuum," where the "police proto-theory" evolves into technically rigorous prosecutorial constructions through three epistemic operations: decomposition of generic categories into specific typical elements, terminological precision, and methodological explicitation. The progressive construction of prosecutorial abductive reasoning is analyzed from the Preliminary Investigation Opening Order to the Accusatory Requirement, evidencing a qualitative transformation characterized by increasing degrees of articulation between corroborated factual statements. The study concludes that prosecutorial abductive reasoning constitutes a complex epistemological process that transcends the application of investigative techniques, configuring itself as a specific methodology for constructing legally relevant knowledge that guarantees both prosecutorial efficacy and respect for fundamental procedural guarantees.1
CTBN-PH: A continuous-time Bayesian network for individualised diagnostic risk prediction
No full textContinuous-time Bayesian networks (CTBNs) are powerful tools for modelling and predicting complex disease trajectories in continuous-time scenarios. However, their application is often limited by a lack of individualisation in the results, if the covariates significantly influence a patient's diagnostic transitions. To address these challenges, we introduce the CTBN-PH model, which integrates CTBN models with Cox proportional hazards (Cox-PH) models. The proposed model combines the dynamic and probabilistic capabilities of CTBNs with the robust, covariate-driven risk estimation of Cox-PH models. By leveraging causal topologies learned from healthcare trajectories, the method dynamically adjusts transition intensities based on covariate effects, enabling efficient parameter learning in extensive databases. We validated the model using a dataset of over 2.1 million patients and found that it learned complex causal structures associated with multi-morbid conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. Performance comparisons with non-individualised and non-causally inferred networks highlight the model's effectiveness. Our model achieved an integrated Brier score (IBS) of 0.153 for predicting the onset of a single diagnosis over 25 years and an IBS of 0.04 for forecasting the inertia of the entire system over four years. Additionally, we explore the model's utility in simulating patient trajectories that are tailored to specific covariate-defined populationsThis study was conducted with the support of the Secretary of Universities and Research of the Department of Business and Knowledge at the Generalitat de Catalunya 2021 SGR 01125, and funded by the Industrial Doctorate Plan 2021 DI 106 provided by the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), Spain.
Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Elsevier
Pot la IA ajudar en la detecció de la dislèxia lectora?: una proposta d'intervenció amb alumnes de 4t de primària
No full textAquest treball explora el potencial de la intel·ligència artificial (IA) en la detecció de la dislèxia lectora en alumnes de quart de primària. Mitjançant un estudi de cas i una metodologia qualitativa, s’analitzen les transcripcions de lectures orals d’alumnes amb diversos perfils utilitzant eines d’IA. Els resultats indiquen que la IA pot oferir indicis valuosos sobre la fluïdesa i els errors en la lectura, tot i que es remarca que no substitueix el diagnòstic clínic especialitzat.This study explores the potential of artificial intelligence in detecting reading-related dyslexia in fourth-grade primary school students. Through a case study and a qualitative methodology, oral reading transcripts from students with diverse profiles are analyzed using AI tools. The results suggest that AI can provide valuable insights into reading fluency and errors, although it is emphasized that it does not replace specialized clinical diagnosis
Better together: electron-directed synergistic interactions in Clostridium co-cultures for improved alcohol production
No full textENG- The need for sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels powers up science in the study of new energy sources. One of these alternatives is anaerobic fermentation, a process in which bacteria transform organic carbon into ethanol or butanol, two examples of carbon-zero fuels. In this thesis, we focus on studying and improving alcohol fermentation in three species of Clostridium. Clostridium spp. have been known for more than a century due to their ability for acetone, butanol and ethanol fermentation. Our goal is to improve fermentation capacities using tandem cultures of two or three species, thus gaining the most valuable properties of each one. Species combination is known as synthetic co-cultures, and focuses on exploiting complementary functions of the two consortium members. For example, the hydrolysis of cellulose into simple sugars by a cellulolytic species (C. cellulovorans) can be combined with an alcohol producer (C. acetobutylicum) and a CO2 fixing organism (C. carboxidivorans) to take the most of the energy contained in cellulose material. The use of synthetic consortia improves substrate spectrum (e.g. by using cheaper and abundant sources) and increases production yield (e.g. minimizing carbon waste as gaseous products). We also explored whether the addition of electroactive compounds – such as magnetite – can enhance the cooperation between the species in the synthetic consortium. Cooperative capacity is measured in terms of butanol production. This doctoral thesis presents new insights into the functioning of synthetic consortia and opens up new possibilities for developing efficient and flexible biotechnological systems for more sustainable energy productionCAT- La recerca de fonts d’energia més sostenibles i respectuoses amb el medi ambient ha portat a la ciència a estudiar noves alternatives als combustibles fòssils. Una d’aquestes alternatives és la fermentació microbiana, un procés en què les bacteris transformen els sucres en alcohols, com el butanol i l’etanol, dos exemples de bio-combustibles. En aquesta tesi doctoral ens centrem en estudiar i millorar aquest procés utilitzant tres espècies de Clostridium diferents. Els clostridis són coneguts des de fa més d’un segle per la seva capacitat de produir diversos solvents com l’acetona, el butanol, i l’etanol, durant la fermentació. Concretament, el nostre objectiu és el d’estudiar com millorar aquest procés cultivant conjuntament dues o tres espècies. De manera que, enlloc de fer servir una única espècie com es feia tradicionalment, es posen a treballar conjuntament espècies que desenvolupen funcions complementàries. Aquesta combinació es coneix com a co-cultiu, i permet explorar, per exemple, el resultat de la combinació de la hidròlisi de la cel·lulosa en sucres simples per una espècie cel·lulolítica (C. cellulovorans) amb una productora d’alcohols (C. acetobutylicum) i una capaç de fixar el CO2 (C. carboxidivorans), per tal de treure el màxim d’energia de la cel·lulosa. Utilitzar co-cultius sintètics permet ampliar els substrats utilitzables (i utilitzar, per exemple, substrats més econòmics i abundants) i millorar el rendiment de producció (reduint, per exemple, la pèrdua de carboni en forma de productes gasosos). A més, també hem explorat si, a l’afegir certs materials electro-actius (com la magnetita), es millora la cooperació entre les espècies dels co-cultius i s’afavoreix la producció de butanol com a producte final de la fermentació. En conjunt, aquesta tesi doctoral aporta nous coneixements sobre el funcionament d’aquests co-cultius, i mostra noves possibilitats per desenvolupar tecnologies més eficients que ajudin a produir energia de manera més sosteniblePrograma de Doctorat en Ciència i Tecnologia de l'Aigu
Un cop has après a llegir ja ets lliure per sempre: la lectura com a acte de rebel·lió en la literatura afroamericana
No full textEl text que ocupa aquest llibret és la transcripció, arranjada per a la lectura, de la conferència que la professora de literatura nord-americana de la UAB Laura Gimeno Pahissa va pronunciar en el marc de l’acte de presentación del curs acadèmic 2024-25 de la Càtedra de Literatura Tom Sharpe (CLTS) de la Universitat de Girona, un acte celebrat el dia 25 de setembre de 2024 a la Facultat de Lletres de la Ud
From the creative city to the city of cultural rights. Analysing inequalities and diversity in the right to participate in urban cultural life. The case of Barcelona
No full textRecent empirical evidence within the framework of the creative city has reproduced a narrow view of cultural participation. To better understand diversity and new and more complex logics of inequalities, this paper proposes an alternative multidimensional framework: the right to participate in urban cultural life. Using data from the Survey of Cultural Rights of Barcelona (2022), we analyse evidence of not only cultural access, but also the dimensions of practice, community engagement and governance, including both legitimate and non-legitimate cultural activities. This study considers how relevant are individual socioeconomic and territorial factors in explaining inequalities and diversity in the right to participate in urban cultural life. We conclude firstly that, as previous research has shown, socioeconomic individual resources (such as education) play a significant role in explaining inequalities in levels of participation in legitimate culture. The impact of these factors is significantly reduced when community and governance dimensions, and above all, non-legitimate cultural activities are considered. Second, the territory has its own role in explaining inequalities and diversity. Being from a well-off neighbourhood is more related to accessing legitimate culture but less related to non-legitimate cultural activity and other cultural rights dimensionsThis work was supported by a grant of the “Projects of Generation of Knowledge 2022” funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and FEDER.EU. [PID2022-138429OA-I00, 2022]Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Elsevie
L’imperi breu: l’art com a instrument de legitimació en August i Mussolini
No full textAquest treball analitza com l’art i l’arquitectura han estat utilitzats com a instruments de legitimació del poder en dos moments històrics concrets: l’Imperi Romà sota August i la Itàlia feixista sota Benito Mussolini. Mitjançant una comparació de recursos simbòlics, formes artístiques i espais públics, s’examina com ambdós líders van construir una imatge de poder sòlida i atemporal. El treball identifica continuïtats estètiques, apropiacions ideològiques i estratègies de propaganda visual, tot destacant com el feixisme va reinterpretar el passat clàssic per projectar autoritat en el presen
Synthetic lipopeptides that interact with lipopolysaccharides are potent bactericidal compounds against Xylella fastidiosa
No full textNovel strategies to control diseases caused by Xylella fastidiosa that affectaffectaffectimportant crops like grapevine, olive, almond, and citrus are necessary to prevent its establishment and spread in several countries. Target-oriented functional peptides toward the pathogen are potential new compounds, and peptides directed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are suitable candidates. In the present work, 36 peptides, including previously reported sequences and newly synthesized lipopeptides, were studied for their bactericidal and LPS neutralization activities, as well as for their hemolytic and phytotoxic activities. In a first stage, a simple and rapid method for detecting peptide-LPS interactions based on a chromogenic endotoxin assay was developed. A linear relationship was observed between LPS neutralization and the bactericidal activity. A strong LPS interaction was related to a high bactericidal activity, whereas peptides with slight or low interaction with LPS had low bactericidal activity. A selected group of lipopeptides that strongly interacted with the LPS was highly bactericidal with moderate-to-low hemolytic and phytotoxic activity (BP389, BP473, and BP475). These lipopeptides incorporate a butanoyl group at the side chain of a lysine residue and an L- or D-phenylalanine at position 4. The interaction and cell lytic effect between BP473 and X. fastidiosa cells was confirmed by confocal microscopy experiments. These lipopeptides that target key components of the outer bacterial cell membrane are good candidates to mitigate infections by X. fastidiosa in plant hostsThis work was supported by grants from the European Commission BeXyl (grant 101060593) and from the Spain Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU; TED2021-130110B-C43; PID2022-140040OB-C21 and C22/MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE). P.C.-F. was the recipient of a research grant from Spain MCIU (Ref. FPU20/07152
Pesca neta, cap a una mar blava
No full textAquest Treball de fi de grau es presenta en forma de pel·lícula documental que pretén donar a conèixer un projecte sense ànim de lucre anomenat Pesca Neta, a través d’un estudi que es mou en l’àmbit ambiental i el social, ja que pretén conscienciar la societat sobre un greu problema mediambiental com és la contaminació marina.
El projecte Pesca Neta va ser ideat i és impulsat per les tres confraries de pescadors de Catalunya (Girona, Tarragona i Barcelona), té com a objectiu extreure les deixalles marines que es recullen en les activitats de pesca dels pescadors de terres catalanes.
Amb aquest treball es pretén reflexionar sobre l’impacte dels actes humans en els ecosistemes, en aquest cas els marins, i posar en valor la tasca social i mediambiental dels pescadors, sovint poc coneguda ni valorada681011121