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Ageismo, uma realidade a mudar = Ageism, a reality to change = Edadismo, una realiad a cambiar
No full textAgeism, in our case, Old Ageism, is related to the way we understand old age and aging, with our intergenerational relationships and how we perpetuate stereotypes and preconceived ideas about older people, thus limiting the understanding of the diversity and heterogeneity of old age. In the fight against ageism, we find it necessary to educate/raise awareness among the general population and also very important to work on these stereotypes and prejudices with the professionals who care for and accompany people since we consider that professionals can be an important lever of changeO ageísmo, no nosso caso, Old Ageism, está relacionado com a forma como entendemos a velhice e o
envelhecimento, com as nossas relações intergeracionais e como perpetuamos estereótipos e ideias préconcebidas sobre as pessoas mais velhas, limitando assim a compreensão da diversidade e heterogeneidade da
velhice. No combate ao ageismo consideramos necessário educar/sensibilizar a população em geral e também
muito importante trabalhar estes estereótipos e preconceitos junto dos profissionais que cuidam e acompanham
as pessoas pois consideramos que os profissionais podem ser uma importante alavanca de MudarEl Edadismo, en nuestro caso, Viejismo, está relacionado con la forma que tenemos de entender la vejez y el
envejecimiento, con nuestras relaciones intergeneracionales y en cómo perpetuamos estereotipos e ideas
preconcebidas sobre las personas mayores, limitando, de este modo, la comprensión de la diversidad y la
heterogeneidad de la vejez. En la lucha contra el edadismo nos parece necesario educar/sensibilizar a la población general y también muy importante trabajar estos estereotipos y prejuicios con los profesionales que atienden y
acompañan a las personas ya que consideramos que pueden ser, los profesionales, una palanca importante del
cambi
Integrated strategies for improved bioresorbable stents with silk: characterization, fabrication, and composite integration
No full textENG- This doctoral thesis explores the creation of next-generation bioresorbable stents (BRS) using an advanced manufacturing technology known as Direct Ink Writing (DIW). This technique enables the printing of a wide variety of biomaterials in the form of pastes or inks, offering high versatility and significant potential for developing medical devices for healthcare and tissue engineering.
The research begins with an analysis of current trends in additive manufacturing and a review of DIW technologies, highlighting the challenges that traditional BRS still face. In this context, the study investigates the use of innovative materials like silk fibroin (SF), a protein derived from the silk of the Bombyx mori silkworm. SF offers high mechanical properties and biocompatibility, being a natural polymer. The thesis delves into creating SF inks suitable for DIW, showing a way for manufacturing stents with natural materials that improve biocompatibility and can be absorbed by the body over time.
The study also examines the use of other materials, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based inks, a polymer known for its flexibility and suitability for hydrogel manufacturing. Some of these hydrogels have already been successfully used in other medical devices, reinforcing the interest in developing a suitable environment for BRS using this material. Therefore, the thesis proposes the fabrication of multi-material stents combining PVA and SF to enhance the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the device. These polymers work in a complementary manner: PVA provides flexibility and stability, while SF offers mechanical strength and biocompatibility.
Finally, the technique of electrospinning (ES) is incorporated, a method that creates micrometric-diameter polymer fibers. This approach enables the application of a coating to the stent with a drug-releasing layer. This coating facilitates a controlled release of medications, helping reduce the risk of complications after stent implantation. Additionally, the large number of fibers increases the drug's contact surface, improving efficiency compared to traditional methods, where the drug is encapsulated in the stent's core and released gradually as it degrades.
This thesis provides a relevant contribution to the field of medical devices by offering new alternatives for BRS fabrication with innovative and promising techniques, opening new possibilities for treating cardiovascular diseasesCAT- Aquesta tesi doctoral explora la creació de stents bioresorbibles de nova generació (BRS) mitjançant una tecnologia de fabricació avançada coneguda com a escriptura directa de tinta (DIW). Aquesta tècnica permet imprimir amb una amplia varietat de biomaterials en forma de pastes o tintes, destacant per la seva gran versatilitat i potencial en la creació de dispositius mèdics per a la cura de la salut i la enginyeria de teixits.
La recerca s'inicia amb una anàlisi de les tendències actuals en fabricació additiva i una revisió de les tecnologies DIW, ressaltant els reptes que encara presenten els BRS tradicionals. En aquest context, s'ha investigat l'ús de materials innovadors com la fibroïna de seda (FS), una proteïna derivada del cuc de seda (Bombyx mori), que ofereix elevades propietats mecàniques i una biocompatibilitat destacable, essent un polímer natural. La tesi aprofundeix en la creació de tintes de FS adequades per a DIW, fet que obre noves vies per fabricar stents amb materials naturals que millorin la biocompatibilitat i que es puguin reabsorbir amb el temps.
També s’analitza l'ús d'altres materials, com les tintes basades en alcohol polivinílic (PVA), un polímer que aporta flexibilitat i és adequat per a la fabricació d'hidrogels. Alguns d'aquests hidrogels ja han estat utilitzats amb èxit en altres dispositius mèdics, fet que reforça l’interès en crear un entorn adequat per a BRS amb aquest material. Així, es proposa la fabricació de stents multimaterials que combinen PVA i FS, amb l'objectiu de millorar les propietats mecàniques i la biocompatibilitat del dispositiu. Aquests polímers es complementen de manera òptima: el PVA ofereix flexibilitat i estabilitat, mentre que la FS proporciona resistència mecànica i biocompatibilitat.
Finalment, s'incorpora la tècnica de l’electrospinning (ES), un mètode que permet crear fibres de polímer de diàmetre micromètric. Aquesta tècnica possibilita l’aplicació d'un recobriment a l'stent amb una capa alliberadora de fàrmacs. Aquest recobriment facilita una alliberació controlada de medicaments, ajudant a reduir el risc de complicacions després de la implantació del stent. A més, la presència d’un gran nombre de fibres augmenta la superfície de contacte del fàrmac, millorant l'eficàcia respecte als mètodes tradicionals, on el fàrmac es troba encapsulat en el nucli del stent i depèn de la seva degradació per ser alliberat.
Aquesta tesi suposa una contribució rellevant al camp dels dispositius mèdics en oferir noves alternatives per a la fabricació de BRS amb tècniques innovadores i prometedores, obrint noves possibilitats en el tractament de les malalties cardiovascularsPrograma de Doctorat en Tecnologi
Network congestion control algorithm for image transmission hri and visual light communications of an autonomous underwater vehicle for intervention
No full textIn this study, the challenge of teleoperating robots in harsh environments such as underwater or in tunnels is addressed. In these environments, wireless communication networks are prone to congestion, leading to potential mission failures. Our approach integrates a Human-Robot Interface (HRI) with a network congestion control algorithm at the application level for conservative transmission of images using the Robot Operating System (ROS) framework. The system was designed to avoid network congestion by adjusting the image compression parameters and the transmission rate depending on the real-time network conditions. To evaluate its performance, the algorithm was tested in two wireless underwater use cases: pipe inspection and an intervention task. An Autonomous Underwater Vehicle for Intervention (I-AUV) equipped with a Visual Light Communication (VLC) modem was used. Characterization of the VLC network was performed while the robot performed trajectories in the tank. The results demonstrate that our approach allows an operator to perform wireless missions where teleoperation requires images and the network conditions are variable. This solution provides a robust framework for image transmission and network control in the application layer, which allows for integration with any ROS-based syste
Arxius i fonts primàries. Un viatge dolç a la fàbrica de Xocolates Torras
No full textAquest text presenta un projecte educatiu basat en la fàbrica Xocolates Torras de Banyoles, una de les empreses xocolateres més antigues del país. L’objectiu és utilitzar aquesta indústria com a eix per treballar la història, l’economia i el disseny, connectant els alumnes amb el seu entorn i fomentant el sentiment de pertinença al territori.
La fàbrica, fundada el 1890, és un exemple d’adaptació i innovació, produint actualment xocolates més saludables. L’elecció d’aquest tema es deu tant a la seva rellevància històrica com a la seva vinculació amb la comarca del Pla de l’Estany.
El projecte es desenvolupa en quatre sessions: una introducció amb vídeos i imatges de la fàbrica antiga, una anàlisi del preu de la xocolata al llarg del temps, un estudi del packaging i la creació d’un embolcall nou, i finalment, la difusió del producte. Aquesta proposta interdisciplinària busca fer l’aprenentatge més pràctic i significatiu, ajudant els alumnes a comprendre l’evolució dels productes de consum i el seu impacte econòmic i social.
Unraveling Aromaticity: The Dual Worlds of Pyrazole, Pyrazoline, and 3D Carborane
No full textA new series of o-carborane-fused pyrazoles has been recently successfully synthesized. This fusion was expected to create a hybrid 3D/2D aromatic system, combining the 3D aromaticity of o-carborane with the 2D aromaticity of pyrazole. However, while the boron cage retains its aromatic character, the pyrazole's aromaticity is lost. As a result, rather than forming o-carborane-fused pyrazoles, the synthesis yielded o-carborane-fused pyrazolines, which are non-aromatic. The limited overlap between the π molecular orbitals (MOs) of the planar heterocycle and the n+1 MOs of the carborane prevents significant electronic delocalization between the two fused components. This contrasts with the fusion of pyrazole and benzene to form indazole, where both rings maintain their 2D aromaticity. Our findings demonstrate that the peripheral σ-aromaticity of carborane and the π-aromaticity of the heterocycle are orthogonal, making a true 3D/2D aromatic system unachievable. The carborane is highly aromatic, generating highly negative NICS values (−25 to −30 ppm). We have observed that these high NICS values extend to fused rings, leading to incorrect estimations of aromaticity. Therefore, relying solely on NICS can be misleading, and other computational indicators, along with experimental or structural data, should be used to accurately assess aromaticityWe thank the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) for projects PID2019-106832RB-100, PID2023-147424NB-I00, PID2020-113711GB-I00, PID2021-127423NB-I00, PID2022-
138861NB-I00, and CEX2021-001202-M, and the Generalitat de Catalunya for projects 2021SGR623 and 2021SGR44
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibition cooperates with BH3 mimetic drugs to overcome resistance to mitochondrial apoptosis in pancreatic cancer
No full textResistance to mitochondrial apoptosis is a major driver of chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, pharmacological manipulation of the mitochondrial apoptosis threshold in PDAC cells remains an unmet therapeutic goal. We hypothesized that fatty acid synthase inhibitors (FASNis), a family of targeted metabolic therapeutics recently entering the clinic, could lower the apoptotic threshold in chemoresistant PDAC cells and be synergistic with BH3 mimetics that neutralize anti-apoptotic proteins. Computational studies with TVB-3166 and TVB-3664, two analogues of the clinical-grade FASNi TVB-2640 (denifanstat), confirmed their uncompetitive behavior towards NADPH when bound to the FASN ketoacyl reductase domain. The extent of NADPH accumulation, a consequence of FASN inhibition, paralleled the sensitivity of PDAC cells to the apoptotic effects of TVB FASNis in conventional PDAC cell lines that naturally express varying levels of FASN. FASN inhibition dramatically increased the sensitivity of "FASN-high" expressing PDAC cells to the BCL2/BCL-XL/BCL-W inhibitor ABT-263/navitoclax and the BCL2-selective inhibitor ABT-199/venetoclax, both in vitro and in in vivo xenografted tumors. The ability of TVB FASNis to shift the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and thereby push PDAC cells closer to the apoptotic threshold was also observed in cell lines developed from patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) representative of the classical (pancreatic) transcriptomic subtype of PDAC. Experiments in PDAC PDXs in vivo confirmed the synergistic antitumor activity of TVB-3664 with navitoclax and venetoclax, independent of the nature of the replication stress signature of patient-derived PDAC cells. The discovery that targeted inhibition of FASN is a metabolic perturbation that sensitizes PDAC cells to BH3 mimetics warrants further investigation to overcome resistance to mitochondrial apoptosis in PDAC patient
Optimització de sistemes basats en nanopartícules de sílice per a la catàlisi heterogènia d’acoblament d’alcohols
No full textIn this final degree project, ruthenium complexes based on polypyridyl and dmso ligands have
been synthesized and characterized, with the aim of evaluating their catalytic activity in the
coupling of alcohols and the possibility of anchoring silica nanoparticles in these types of
complexes in order to optimize the system.
These compounds have been obtained from a first synthesis of the compound [RuCl2(dmso)4,
[1], from the reagent RuCl3·3H2O and dimethylsulfoxide at reflux. Once this complex has been
obtained, a second synthesis is carried out where the 2,2':6',6"-terpyridine ligand is coordinated
to the compound [1] in chloroform at 80oC, to end up forming cis-[RuCl2(terpy)(dmso), [2].
In order to study and characterize the properties of the synthesized compounds, spectroscopic
(NMR, UV-vis), spectrometric (ESI-MS) and electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) techniques have
been used.
On the other hand, in this work, studies have been carried out focused on the incorporation of
the compounds into different silica materials (ST, LUS-TMA o-Ph-ST and Ph@LUS), some of them,
of the nanoparticle type, with the aim of making the catalytic system more efficient. As in the
previous study, spectroscopic (NMR, UV-vis), spectrometric (ESI-MS) and electrochemical (cyclic
voltammetry) techniques have been used to to characterize the new materials generated.
In addition, the catalytic efficiency of the complexes has been evaluated in the coupling of benzyl
alcohol and 1-phenylethanol in homogeneous phase, using several bases (potassium hydroxide,
potassium carbonate, piperidine and sodium methoxide) to improve selectivity and conversion.
Of these bases, the most suitable has been sodium methoxide. Additionally, the coupling product
has been quantified by gas chromatography using biphenyl as an internal standard, and the
percentage of conversion and selectivity of the different complexes have been calculated to be
able to compare the catalytic activity of the complexes in catalysis. The catalytic activity of the
heterogeneous systems obtained from anchoring the catalysts on silica-type supports has also
been studied, but the activity obtained has been low. At the end of the work, future strategies
are proposed to improve the efficiency of heterogeneous catalysts
Panorama curricular de la alfabetización temprana en Estadística y Probabilidad
No full textWe analyze how early literacy in statistics and probability (6-8 years old) is promoted in IberoAmerica. To this end, an instrument with specific indicators on the teaching of statistics and probability has been developed and validated. Based on the content analysis of current curricular guidelines accessible online, the following data were obtained: a) of the 15 Ibero-American countries with accessible curricula, two do not include the teaching of statistics and probability; b) the teaching of statistics is addressed in 13 countries and the teaching of probability in eight; c) only two curricula address the four components of the statistical investigation cycle; and d) most of them offer an approach to probability aimed at the quantification of chance, without addressing other fundamental ideas such as the independence of events. It is concluded that, in general, the curricula show the content in an atomized and disconnected way and do not incorporate the main strategies provided by research to promote early literacy in statistics and probabilitySe analiza cómo se promueve la alfabetización temprana en estadística y probabilidad (6-8 años) en Iberoamérica. Para ello, se ha elaborado y validado un instrumento con indicadores específicos en torno a la enseñanza de la estadística y la probabilidad. A partir del análisis de contenido de las orientaciones curriculares vigentes y accesibles online, se han obtenido los siguientes datos: a) de los 15 países iberoamericanos con currículos accesibles, dos no incluyen la enseñanza de la estadística y la probabilidad; b) la enseñanza de la estadística se aborda en 13 países y la enseñanza de la probabilidad en ocho; c) sólo dos currículos abordan las cuatro componentes del ciclo de investigación estadística; y d) la mayor parte ofrecen un enfoque de la probabilidad dirigido a la cuantificación del azar, sin abordar otras ideas fundamentales como la independencia de sucesos. Se concluye que, en general, los currículos muestran los contenidos de forma atomizada y desconectados entre sí y no incorporan las principales estrategias aportadas desde la investigación para promover la alfabetización temprana de la estadística y la probabilidad
ORCID i altres identificadors d’autoria. Xarxes socials acadèmiques
No full textActivitat adreçada al PDI de la UdG i inclosa en el Pla Marc de Formació del Personal Docent i Investigador de la UdG, organitzada per l'Institut de Ciències de l’Educació Josep Pallach (ICE), en la que es presenten les característiques bàsiques dels identificadors i perfils d'autoria com ORCID, Perfil d'autoria de WoS (ResearcherID), ScopusAuthorID, Google Scholar, Dilanet ID i també d'algunes de les xarxes socials acadèmiques més conegudes com ResearchGate i Academia.edu.Presentació sobre els identificadors d'autoria únics i persistents com: ORCID, Dialnet, Scopus Author ID, i els perfil d'autoria de Google Scholar i Web of Science (ResearcherID) i les xarxes socials acadèmiques com: ResearchGate i Academia.ed
Advisory groups of children in research on gender-based violence
No full textInvolving children in research is not only advisable but mandatory from both a child rights and an academic perspective. Indeed, recent research has shown that children's participation enriches knowledge and contributes to an in-depth understanding of complex issues, even in sensitive questions such as gender-based violence, leading to improved policy and practice interventions. This article analyses the participation of children both as experts and informants in a research project aimed at creating an early detection model of gender violence applicable in schools. The aims of the study are as follows: i) to analyse the participation strategies used in the research conducted with children in the field of gender-based violence from an ethical and methodological point of view, focusing on strengths and weaknesses, and to identify improvements to be implemented; ii) to collect the experiences of children in this regard. Six expert groups were created specifically for this research project in different locations around Catalonia (Spain). A total of 45 children aged 10–16 participated in all stages of the research, including instrument design (children's questionnaire), discussion of results, building outcomes (model) and dissemination activities (final conference). The questionnaire was answered by a representative sample of 3664 schoolchildren attending 106 schools in Catalonia. This article discusses methodological questions, analysing the benefits and obstacles encountered in working with children, including power relationships, children's voices, engagement, protection, recognitions of capacities and remuneration“La Caixa” Foundation, project ref. SR20-00330Open Access funding is provided; thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Elsevie