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High-resolution quantitative record of planktonic foraminifera at low latitudes (ODP Leg 154 Site 926): biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Aquitanian-Burdigalian interval
No full textVery few high-resolution quantitative records of planktonic foraminifera have been established for the Aquitanian to Burdigalian interval, particularly at low latitudes. In addition, the Burdigalian GSSP has not yet been defined, and there is still a debate about which bioevents provide the best approximation of the boundary.
Provisionally, the Base of the calcareous nannofossil Helicosphaera ampliaperta (calibrated at Ceara Rise at 20.43 Ma) has been chosen for the recognition of the base of Burdigalian Stage (e.g., Raffi et al., 2020). However, other events were proposed to define the boundary, such as Top Paragloborotalia kugleri (21.12 Ma), Base Globigerinoides altiaperturus (19.97 Ma), Top of Chron C6An (19.97 Ma), Base of calcareous nannofossil Sphenolithus belemnos (19.01 Ma) (e.g., Raffi et al., 2020). The aim of this work was to improve the resolution of planktonic foraminiferal record of the Aquitanian – Burdigalian interval, refine the stratigraphic position of bioevents and their age calibration, possibly identifying additional events, and obtain a paleoecological interpretation of the studied assemblages.
The first part of this work deals with a high-resolution quantitative analysis of the planktonic foraminiferal assemblages of Site 926 (ODP Leg 154, Ceara Rise, Equatorial Atlantic Ocean), in the interval from 21.5 to 17.6 Ma (Aquitanian-Burdigalian). Following the composite section of Site 926, astronomically calibrated by Shackleton et al. (1999) and Pälike et al. (2006a), 137 samples were selected from pale levels of nannofossil-foraminiferal chalk with a time resolution of ~30 kyr. The high-resolution quantitative analysis provided the quantitative distribution patterns of the 55 taxonomic categories identified in the assemblages. Particular focus was given to biostratigraphic marker species of this interval, typical of the low-latitude zonation (Wade et al., 2011; King et al., 2020), such as Top (T) Paragloborotalia pseudokugleri, Top P. kugleri, Top Tenuitella munda, Base (B) Globigerinoides altiaperturus, Base Globigerinatella sp. and Base Globorotalia praescitula.
In the second part of this study, the high-resolution quantitative analysis was extended downwards in Hole 926B, selecting 44 samples after a qualitative survey and focusing on the Paragloborotalia pseudokugleri/P. kugleri group. This choice was made to obtain the quantitative distribution pattern of the group from the first occurrence of P. kugleri, close to the Oligo-Miocene boundary, to its last occurrence in the Aquitanian - Burdigalian interval, to observe the gradual morphological transition between the end members of this plexus and to better understand the evolution of P. kugleri.
The last part of this study deals with paleoecological evaluations on the planktonic foraminifera of the Aquitanian – Burdigalian interval, considering specific diversity, preservation state, depth habitat, temperature preference and productivity
Climate change adaptation in urban regeneration practices. The contribution of soil desealing in reducing the urban pluvial flood risk
No full textOver the past century, urbanisation has led to increasing soil sealing and consumption, exacerbating phenomena such as the urban heat island effect and urban flooding. Combined with rising temperatures and rainfall due to climate change, these challenges threaten the environmental, social, and economic sustainability of European and Italian cities. Among climate change adaptation strategies, soil desealing – i.e., the restoration of soil permeability through the removal of its impervious layer - has emerged in the scientific literature as a promising solution for mitigating these impacts by reducing surface runoff, urban temperatures, and restoring ecosystem services and functions.
This research, conducted within the Ph.D. programme in Civil Engineering and Architecture at the University of Parma, explores priorities and criteria for implementing soil desealing interventions to mitigate urban pluvial flood risk, focusing on medium-sized Italian cities. Being home to a significant portion of the European population, they serve as relevant contexts for testing and implementing innovative urban strategies, contributing to polycentric and balanced territorial development. This study examines the scientific literature and the legislative and strategic frameworks addressing soil sealing and desealing, drawing on regional instruments such as Regional Law No. 24/2017 of the Emilia-Romagna Region, alongside national and European instruments, highlighting the multi-scalar and integrated approach required to address soil desealing and climate change adaptation in urban planning for mitigating the urban pluvial flood risk.
Furthermore, this research tries to contribute to the challenge of defining appropriate localisation and intervention criteria for soil desealing. An additional challenge is the identification of the relevant tools for the implementation of this actions to reduce the urban pluvial flood risk, in a context that lacks a structured national framework that relies on more or less effective local initiatives and approaches.
This thesis presents a research methodology that builds upon a literature review on soil sealing, desealing, and closely related topics such as flood management. It integrates quantitative and qualitative analyses, including urban pluvial flood risk, damage, and transformation potential assessments, and the identification of strategies for involving citizens of different ages to explore their perceptions and preferences. Insights into practices for enhancing public participation in urban climate change adaptation were further enriched through research experiences at Eindhoven University of Technology and the science centre ‘AmbienteParco’.
The research focuses on two case studies: Parma and Brescia. In Parma, the urban flood risk, damage and transformation potential were assessed alongside participatory initiatives such as co-design sessions, outreach activities and surveys, analysing and comparing their outcomes to define priorities and criteria for the implementation of soil desealing. Furthermore, soil desealing interventions were simulated in two urban subcatchments to complete the analyses and test the proposed approaches.
The efforts of the Municipality of Brescia in promoting soil desealing, as well as the Climate transition strategy and public participation framework of the city provided a comparative lens, offering further insights into the integration of soil desealing within urban planning.
This thesis concludes by offering guidelines to integrate soil desealing into urban regeneration practices, both from the administrations and citizens’ point of views.Nel corso dello scorso secolo, l’urbanizzazione ha portato a un aumento dell’impermeabilizzazione e del consumo di suolo, aggravando fenomeni come l’effetto isola di calore urbano e le inondazioni. Tali questioni, unite all’aumento delle temperature e delle precipitazioni dovuto ai cambiamenti climatici, pongono a rischio la sostenibilità ambientale, sociale ed economica delle città europee e italiane. Tra le strategie di adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici, la desigillazione del suolo – ovvero il ripristino della permeabilità del suolo tramite la rimozione dello strato impermeabile – è emersa nella letteratura scientifica come una soluzione promettente per mitigare questi impatti, riducendo il deflusso superficiale e le temperature urbane, e ripristinando i servizi e le funzioni ecosistemiche.
Questa ricerca, condotta nell’ambito del programma di Dottorato in Ingegneria civile e Architettura dell’Università di Parma, esplora le priorità e i criteri per l’implementazione di interventi di desigillazione del suolo finalizzati a mitigare il rischio idraulico urbano di natura pluviale, focalizzandosi sulle città italiane di medie dimensioni. Queste città, che ospitano una parte significativa della popolazione europea, costituiscono contesti rilevanti per testare e attuare strategie urbane innovative contribuendo a uno sviluppo territoriale policentrico ed equilibrato. Lo studio analizza letteratura scientifica e i quadri normativi e strategici relativi all’impermeabilizzazione e alla desigillazione del suolo, attingendo a strumenti regionali, come la Legge Regionale n. 24/2017 della Regione Emilia-Romagna, nonché a strumenti nazionali ed europei, evidenziando l’approccio multi-scalare e integrato necessario per affrontare la desigillazione del suolo e l’adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici nella pianificazione urbana per la mitigazione del rischio idraulico urbano di natura pluviale.
Questa ricerca si propone di contribuire alla sfida di definire criteri appropriati per la localizzazione e l’implementazione degli interventi di desigillazione del suolo. Un ulteriore obiettivo è l'identificazione degli strumenti rilevanti per l'attuazione di queste azioni al fine di ridurre il rischio idraulico urbano di natura pluviale, in un contesto che manca di un quadro nazionale strutturato e si affida a iniziative e approcci locali più o meno efficaci.
Questa tesi propone una metodologia di ricerca che si basa su una revisione della letteratura sull’impermeabilizzazione e la desigillazione del suolo, nonché su tematiche strettamente correlate come la gestione del rischio di alluvioni. Inoltre, integra analisi quantitative e qualitative, comprese valutazioni del rischio, del danno e del potenziale di trasformazione urbano nonché l’identificazione di strategie per il coinvolgimento dei cittadini di diverse età, volte a esplorarne percezioni e preferenze. Le esperienze di ricerca presso la Eindhoven University of Technology e lo science centre ‘AmbienteParco’ hanno ulteriormente arricchito la comprensione delle pratiche mirate a rafforzare la partecipazione pubblica nell’adattamento climatico urbano.
La ricerca si concentra su due casi studio: Parma e Brescia. In Parma, sono stati analizzati il rischio di idraulico urbano di natura pluviale, il danno e il potenziale di trasformazione urbana, insieme a iniziative partecipative come sessioni di co-design, attività di sensibilizzazione e questionari, confrontandone i risultati per definire priorità e criteri per l’implementazione della desigillazione del suolo. Inoltre, in due sottobacini urbani sono stati simulati interventi di desigillazione del suolo per completare le analisi e testare l’approccio proposto.
Infine, gli sforzi del Comune di Brescia nella promozione della desigillazione, insieme alla Strategia di transizione climatica e alle esperienze di partecipazione pubblica della città in questo contesto, hanno fornito una lente comparativa offrendo ulteriori spunti sull’integrazione della desigillazione del suolo nella pianificazione urbana.
Questa tesi si conclude offrendo delle linee guida per integrare la desigillazione del suolo nelle pratiche di rigenerazione urbana, sia dal punto di vista delle amministrazioni che da quello dei cittadini
Nutritional characteristics of forages as a basis for estimating their productive and economic value
No full textThis paper aims to analyze various economic evaluation indices and determine which of these most accurately estimates the true value of forage, considering not only its chemical composition but also other factors. To this end, the quality of different forages was initially assessed through analyses capable of determining their chemical composition, and with the data obtained, it was possible to calculate their respective economic value. Two of the methods used for the economic evaluation of forage already existed: the Relative Forage Value and the Relative Forage Quality, while the third estimation method, Forage Value as Production Factor, was developed not only based on the quality of hay but also considering its productive potential indexed to the price of milk. The results obtained were correlated using linear regressions to determine the relationship between the qualitative indices and their respective economic values, and to identify differences between the values obtained from the existing economic evaluation indices and the new one. Particular emphasis was placed on the NEL index, which was assessed both in its estimated form and calculated in vitro to determine its accuracy in the qualitative evaluation of forage and its use as the basis for the new economic index. Based on the evaluations, it was determined that the estimated NEL, when calculated in vitro, can be used to estimate the quality of forages and, consequently, serve as the basis for the new economic index. Furthermore, the FVPF index, when compared to the market price during the reference period, determines a higher economic value than the one published in the Ager bulletin of Bologna. Two different methods were used for determining NEL: chemical analyses and NIR (Near-Infrared Spectroscopy). The latter method was deemed not sufficiently accurate for estimating forage quality, but with the improvement of calibration curves, it could become an excellent method for determining the value of forage in the field. In conclusion, it can be said that the new index, although not yet adequately tested, could represent an excellent tool for determining the true economic value of forage, without being influenced by market trends
Genetic diversity evaluation via genomic data in four Italian donkey breeds
No full textIn Italia, l’asino domestico (Equus africanus asinus) ha subito un drastico calo della popolazione soprattutto dopo il dopoguerra, portando le razze asinine italiane a rischio di estinzione. Negli ultimi tempi è aumentato sempre di più l’interesse verso gli asini, soprattutto inteso come nuova specie di interesse zootecnico ed economico.
Questa tesi mira a caratterizzare e ad analizzare la diversità genetica in un’ottica di conservazione e tutela della biodiversità di quattro razze asinine italiane: Romagnolo (ROM), Ragusano (RAG), Amiatino (AMI) e Martina Franca (FRA).
La tesi si sviluppa sul primo obiettivo del progetto DonKeyWord. Sono stati prelevati 102 tamponi nasali, di soggetti appartenenti a queste quattro razze per analizzare la diversità genetica.
Il DNA, dopo essere stato estratto dai tamponi nasali, è stato utilizzato per genotipizzazione tramite la tecnica del ddRAD-seq.
In seguito, i dati sono stati sottoposti ad analisi con i software PLINK e R Studio per valutare la differenza genetica fra le razze tramite Analisi delle Componenti Principali (PCA) e la diversità genetica entro razza tramite il calcolo della consanguineità individuale (F).
L’analisi della PCA su 27,086 SNPs ha messo in evidenza una netta separazione della razza FRA rispetto alle altre, e ha mostrato una certa vicinanza tra le razze ROM e AMI.
Il calcolo di F ha rilevato i livelli di consanguineità più alti per FRA (F=0.12) e per AMI (F=0.075), dovuti principalmente alla storia della popolazione, che ha subito gravi colli di bottiglia, mentre per RAG e ROM i valori sono inferiori e pari a 0.013 per RAG e 0.023 per ROM.
In conclusione, i dati ottenuti risultano essere una base da cui partire per attuare dei piani di accoppiamento basati sui dati genomici, al fine di ridurre la consanguineità e proteggere la biodiversità di queste razze asinine autoctoneIn Italy, the domestic donkey (Equus africanus asinus) has suffered a drastic decline in population, especially since the post-war period, putting Italian donkey breeds at risk of extinction. In recent times, interest in donkeys has grown steadily, especially as a new species of zootechnical and economic interest.
This thesis aims to characterize and analyze the c of four Italian donkey breeds from the perspective of conservation and protection of biodiversity: Romagnolo (ROM), Ragusano (RAG), Amiatino (AMI), and Martina Franca (FRA).
The thesis is based on the first objective of the DonKeyWord project. A total of 102 nasal samples were taken from those four breeds to analyze genetic diversity.
After being extracted from nasal swabs, the DNA was used for genotyping using the ddRAD-seq technique.
The data were then analyzed using PLINK and R Studio software to evaluate the genetic diversity among breeds via Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the diversity within breed via the inbreeding coefficient calculation(F).
The PCA analysis on 27,086 SNPs showed a clear separation between the FRA breed and the others, while showing a certain closeness between the ROM and AMI breeds.
The F calculation revealed high levels of inbreeding for FRA (F=0.12) and AMI (F=0.075), mainly due to historical bottlenecks, while for RAG and ROM the values were lower, at 0.013 for Ragusano and 0.023 for Romagnolo.
In conclusion, the data obtained provide a basis for implementing genomic-based mating plans to reduce inbreeding and protect the biodiversity of these native donkey breeds
Development of bio-based innovative materials for the packaging field
No full textIl primo capitolo di questo lavoro si concentra sulla modifica chimica della nanocellulosa cristallina, con l’obiettivo di migliorarne le proprietà o potenziarne le prestazioni intrinseche. Tale modifica avviene tramite la creazione di nuovi legami covalenti o elettrostatici attraverso l'aggiunta di gruppi chimici specifici.
Il secondo capitolo esplora diversi polisaccaridi naturali, analizzando la formulazione di sospensioni per la produzione di pellicole e membrane destinate a scopi di imballaggio. L'obiettivo è quello di creare un prototipo di packaging ecologico che può rappresentare una valida alternativa alla plastica tradizionale. Alcune di queste pellicole sono state arricchite con antiossidanti per produrre imballaggi attivi, in grado di rallentare l'ossidazione dei prodotti alimentari e cosmetici confezionati, prolungando così la loro durata. Le pellicole sono state sottoposte a numerosi test per valutarne le proprietà chimiche e fisiche, come resistenza meccanica, trasparenza, flessibilità e prestazioni di barriera. Inoltre, è stata valutata l’attività antiossidante delle pellicole arricchite per verificarne l’efficacia nel prevenire l'ossidazione.
Il terzo capitolo affronta la preparazione di sospensioni e il loro utilizzo come rivestimenti per substrati cartacei mediante diverse tecniche di deposizione, come il dip-coating, lo spin-coating e lo slot-die coating. La ricerca si concentra sulla capacità delle sospensioni di polisaccaridi di migliorare le proprietà barriera della carta contro l'aria, l'ossigeno e l'umidità
Animal microbiota as a sustainable approach to the planet
No full textThis thesis analyses the central role of gut microbiota in farm animals.
The importance of gut microbiota in the main livestock species was analysed with particular reference to: cattle, pigs, horses, sheep and goats, poultry and fish.
The different microbial compositions present in the gut and the possible health, production and economic implications were highlighted.
Modulation of the gut microbiota has improved the overall health, disease incidence and welfare of animals.
The microbiota has been found to be a useful approach to combat antibiotic resistance wich represents an emerging worldwide problem.
Innovative approaches to microbiota modulation have been explored, including Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) and the use of probiotics in animal diets.
These strategies have been shown to be effective in improving the overall health of the subject.
Finally, the thesis highlights how new perspectives in the study and management of the microbiota can be a central and fundamental theme for innovation and sustainability in modern animal husbandry.La presente tesi analizza il ruolo centrale del microbiota intestinale negli
animali da reddito.
È stata analizzata l’importanza del microbiota intestinale nelle principali
specie zootecniche: bovini, suini, equini, ovi-caprini, pollame e pesci.
Si è cercato di mettere in evidenza le differenti composizioni microbiche
presenti a livello intestinale e le possibili implicazioni a livello sanitario,
produttivo ed economico.
La modulazione del microbiota intestinale ha permesso di migliorare la
salute generale degli animali, l’incidenza delle malattie e il benessere.
Il microbiota è risultato essere un approccio utile per contrastare il
fenomeno dell’antibiotico resistenza, problema emergente in tutto il mondo.
Sono stati approfonditi approcci innovativi per la modulazione del
microbiota, tra cui il trapianto di microbiota fecale (FMT: Faecal
Microbiota Transplant) e l’utilizzo di probiotici nella dieta degli animali.
Queste strategie si sono dimostrate efficaci nel migliorare lo stato di salute generale del soggetto.
Infine, l’elaborato di tesi evidenzia come le nuove prospettive nello studio
e nella gestione del microbiota, possano rappresentare un tema centrale e
fondamentale per l’innovazione e la sostenibilità della zootecnia moderna
New paradigms for the innovation in design and optimisation of mechanical and logistics systems
No full textThis Ph.D. Thesis delves into the critical role of Innovation across various
sectors, emphasizing its significance not only in Industrial Engineering but
also in any field where technological advancement and operational e!ciency
are paramount. Innovation is portrayed as a necessity, rather than merely
an opportunity, to address both current and future challenges. The research
is organized into three main phases: idea generation, simulation, and experimentation,
each of which is explored through in-depth case studies. The
first contribution focuses on the evaluation of ideas within an Open Innovation
framework. In today’s competitive landscape, companies must actively
engage with external sources of creativity to enhance their innovation potential.
A novel method is proposed that combines qualitative and quantitative
criteria, facilitating the selection of the most promising ideas and fostering
collaboration among diverse stakeholders. The second contribution addresses
the optimization of warehouse picking processes using discrete-event simulation
techniques. This work solves a classic logistics challenge by applying
a simulation tool to optimize warehouse layouts, reduce travel times, and
improve the overall use of resources. The third contribution centers on experimentation
under altered gravity conditions, conducted during parabolic
flight campaign. The behavior of a pulsating heat pipe was analyzed in microgravity,
hypergravity and normal-Earth gravity conditions, yielding critical
insights for the development of advanced space technologies. In conclusion,
this Thesis presents innovative approaches applicable to various real-world
scenarios, from enhancing decision-making in Open Innovation, to optimizing
logistics, and advancing the design of technologies for space exploration
Pressure ripple reduction in positive displacement pumps: mathematical and experimental analysis
No full textThis thesis focuses on reducing pressure ripple in hydraulic systems, specifically those using positive displacement pumps like axial piston and external gear pumps. Pressure ripple, caused by pulsating flow from these pumps, leads to issues like noise, vibrations, and increased wear.
The thesis investigates both passive and active methods to reduce pressure ripple. Passive methods include in-line gas bladder suppressors and quarter-wave resonators, while the active method involves a piezo-actuator-based system.
The work includes mathematical modelling using the lumped parameter method and experimental validation to assess the effectiveness of these methods. The thesis concludes by presenting an optimized spring-piston accumulator-based system, ready for prototyping, to further reduce pressure ripple
Study of Swine Influenza Virus circulation in the Italian pig population: chasing the variability of an endemic virus
No full textSwine influenza viruses significantly threaten animal and human health, as exemplified by the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Pigs are particularly susceptible to infection by various influenza strains due to their ability to bind both avian and human influenza virus receptors. This characteristic makes them ideal "mixing vessels" for viral reassortment, a process that can lead to the emergence of novel viruses with pandemic potential. Understanding swine influenza viruses' genetic and antigenic evolution is crucial for predicting and preventing zoonotic transmission. Swine influenza infections not only impact animal health and welfare but also have significant economic consequences for producers. Infected pigs experience reduced growth performance, increased production costs, and decreased reproductive performance. Comprehensive biosecurity measures, including strict hygiene, controlled animal movement, and vaccination, are essential for effective swine influenza control and prevention.
This work had the purpose of analyzing widely the influenza A viruses circulating in the Italian pig population:
at a National level: describing first the circulation of IAVs in the Italian pig population, examining the viral strains detected recently from 2017 to 2020 and their source of introduction;
in epizootic and enzootic forms, in combination with other pathogens, through the monitoring of influenza virus circulation in pig farms in Northern Italy for three years, 2021-2023, focusing on viral and bacterial co-infections combining active and passive monitoring;
in the wild boar population: describing the viral subtypes detected from active surveillance in Northern Italy;
at the farm level: A longitudinal study was performed on two pig farms to examine circulation dynamics among groups of animals before and during the farrowing stage, evaluating vaccination as an IAV control strategy
Quality of childhood experiences, life-history related traits and perception of life expectations : the moderating role of the temperamental trait of sensitivity
No full textIl costrutto di Environmental Sensitivity (Pluess et al., 2023a) rappresenta la sintesi più attuale di diversi filoni di ricerca che, sviluppatisi in maniera relativamente indipendente, indagano le differenze interindividuali nella percezione e nella risposta a stimoli stressanti. Parlare di ambiente per l’essere umano, in un’ottica evoluzionistica-neuroevolutiva, significa necessariamente prendere in considerazione anche – e soprattutto – il suo contesto sociale. Ciò che maggiormente distingue questo quadro interpretativo dalla visione medico-psichiatrica della “vulnerabilità” è la nozione che i bambini più sensibili, più “malleabili” dall’esperienza, non siano solo più vulnerabili alle conseguenze negative delle condizioni ambientali avverse ma che siano parallelamente anche più ricettivi nei confronti dei benefici che possono derivare da un ambiente protettivo e ricco di stimoli.
Nel primo capitolo si revisiona la letteratura proveniente da diversi filoni di ricerca, interni ed esterni, all’Environmental Sensitivity, fornendo ipotesi ed evidenze sul ruolo adattivo di tale variabilità da un punto di vista evoluzionistico, sul suo sviluppo ontogenetico, sui suoi meccanismi neurobiologici e fisiologici e sulle sue relazioni con altri tratti temperamentali e di personalità.
Nel secondo capitolo si indaga la relazione tra percezione dell’ambiente familiare precoce, sensibilità e percezioni sulle proprie aspettative di vita. Emerge un ruolo di moderazione della sensibilità tra la percezione di esperienze di trascuratezza nell’infanzia e investimento riferito finalizzato alla conservazione della propria salute e sicurezza. Sembrano, inoltre, intervenire come moderatori della relazione impulsività e strategie di regolazione emotiva. I dati raccolti sembrano supportare il modello proposto, tenuti in considerazione i limiti della metodologia self-report nell’indagine di disposizioni e comportamenti legati alle life-history strategies, e le critiche poste all’applicazione della life-history theory alla ricerca sulla variabilità interindividuale.The construct of Environmental Sensitivity (Pluess et al., 2023a) represents the most current synthesis of several research strands, initially developing relatively independently from one another, investigating individual differences in perception and in the response to stressful stimuli. In an evolutionary-neurodevelopmental framework, discussing human environment entails considering – and primarily focusing on – social context. What distinguishes this interpretative framework from the medical-psychiatric view of “vulnerability” is the notion that highly sensitive children, who should be more “malleable” to experience, are not only more vulnerable to negative outcomes of adverse early exposures, but also more receptive to the benefits that may arise from a nurturing and protective environment.
The first chapter reviews literature from various research strands, both within and outside the conceptual umbrella of Environmental Sensitivity, providing hypotheses and evidence regarding the adaptive role of this variability from an evolutionary perspective, its ontogenetic development, its neurobiological and physiological mechanisms, and its relationship to other temperamental and personality traits.
In the second chapter, the relationship between early exposures, sensitivity and perceived life expectancy is investigated. A moderating role of sensitivity emerges between perceived early experiences of neglect and reported effort in preserving one’s health and safety. Additionally, impulsiveness and emotion regulation strategies seem to have a further moderating role. The collected data seem to support the proposed model, considering the limitations of self-report methodology in investigating dispositions and behaviors related to life-history strategies, as well as the criticism over the use of life-history theory in research on individual differences