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THE IMPACT OF FACE MASKS ON EMOTIONAL RECOGNITION ACCURACY: DIFFERENCES AMONG EMOTIONS AND BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN
Get PDFEmotional recognition is central to social interactions. This study aims to explore the impact of face masks on the recognition of six emotions, including a neutral emotion condition. In addition, the impact of face masks on the well-established superiority of women at emotion recognition is investigated. A total of 135 college age participants (106 women and 29 men) were recruited. Participants were shown five replications of male and female targets exhibiting 6 emotions in masked and unmasked conditions for a total of 120 stimuli, and the six emotions included Anger, Fear, Disgust, Happiness, Sadness and Neutral. After each stimulus was presented, the participants were given a list of the six emotions and asked to choose the one that the target was displaying. The data were collected online using Qualtrics Survey software. For each stimulus the participants\u27 response was scored as correct (1) or incorrect (0) and the responses were summed across the five replications in each condition. This result is a 6(emotion) x 2(Actor Gender x 2 (Masked or Unmasked) x 2(Participant Sex) mixed design with repeated measures on the first 3 factors. Overall, women were more accurate than men at emotion recognition and masking had the expected overall negative effect on emotion recognition, but men were more negatively impacted by masks than women. Accuracy also differed among the emotions with Fear the most accurately detected and Sadness the least. However, men and women did not differ in their relative accuracy across the six emotions (women were always superior). Some additional higher order interactions were also found but these did not change the above overall conclusions about our primary hypotheses
PSYCHOLOGICAL REALISM WITHIN THE DETECTIVE GENRE
Get PDFThe mundane depicts realness without dramatizing. We acknowledge how writers choose to illustrate their stories, emphasizing thematic content with conceptual individuals. We analyze how characters view the world and vice versa. I intend to highlight the subgenre: psychological realism- specifically- in detective fiction. Detectives cannot solve their inner desire. Their attachment to cases is due to gradual obsession. Coping mechanisms suppress this, leading to repetition. The purpose of the mode will help interpret the reasoning behind the intense interest. Authors such as Edgar Allan Poe, Sherlock Holmes, and Walter Mosley provide an understanding of mindsets and desire in situations. I will compare each of their fictional detectives’ levels of engagement. Concepts surrounding identity crisis, internal and external conflict, and cinematic components are under inspection
ANIMAL INSTINCT: RADICAL BLACK FEMINISM AND THE VIRTUE OF THE DEMONIC
Get PDFThe impossible strive towards “human” has dominated much of Black feminist studies, but there are scholars such as Sylvia Wynter, Zakiyyah Iman Jackson, Alex Weheliye, and Octavia Butler who\u27ve re-configured the concept of humanity in their work by embracing different species and technologies that could provide liberation for Black women. My dissertation explores these new spaces, using Wynter’s “demonic ground” theory as a backbone, to conceptualize Black post-humanism, animality, and the embracing of the “demonic” as radical tools of empowerment. My dissertation aims to establish the consistent and perpetual violence that Black women—from past to present—have endured by living on corrupted land and under violent visual policing. I argue, though, that there is liberation, redemption, and complete autonomy found within the fraught space of hyper-visualization that can be manipulated by Black women through non-conforming and non-western aspects of queer aesthetic, land inferiority, radical performance, and grotesque sexuality. My dissertations suggests that Black women must “dispose” of their body, which is a theoretical leap into freedom; the ridding of body is a mental abandonment of western norms and appropriateness that encourages the body to be used as a vessel to rupture, fracture, and damage
ASSESSING THE PERCEPTION OF TWO GENERATIONS IN THE MAINTENANCE OF HONOR KILLING: A CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
Get PDFHonor killing is a complex social phenomenon arising from system norms that govern family, social unit, and community relationships in countries where it occurs. It is particularly prevalent in communities or societies where it is ingrained in traditions and heritages. Although it is a global phenomenon (Warraich, 2005) found in many South Asia, the Middle East, Africa, South America, and several European countries (Ali, 2008), there has not been any concerted effort to study the phenomenon more systematically. This proposed study is the first attempt to explore more systematically some of the factors that maintain honor killing. To that end, we are presenting preliminary data where we included two age groups representing two different generations and different geographical locations (e.g., India and the USA, particularly New York) to allow us to examine the extent to which these factors may be impacting views of honor killing. The project focused on the Indian population because of the researcher’s familiarity with that community Such familiarity was expected to bring an important perspective on the issue. The findings are expected to provide a more systematic understanding of this phenomenon that could guide more systematic intervention to ultimately prevent honor killing
IRRATIONAL BELIEFS AMONG COMPETITIVE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT ATHLETES: ARE THEY GENERAL OR CONTEXT-DRIVEN?
Get PDFWhile student-athletes strive for high performance both athletically and academically, and there are a number of variables that can predict performance, understanding the role of unhealthy or irrational patterns of thinking or beliefs as it relates to objective measures of performance has not been readily studied (Turner & Barker, 2013) and even less so among youth. This research examined if irrational beliefs that are context specific to performance settings (academic vs. athletic) are more predictive of academic and athletic performance than those more general irrational beliefs among 30 high-school student athlete basketball players. While both general and context-specific irrational beliefs were predictive of athletic performance as measured by performance analysis from game video footage and academic performance as measured by Grade Point Average (GPA), there were no differences in terms of their predictive ability. Implications for researchers and practitioners are provided to guide the scholarly research and applied implications regarding the role of specific beliefs as it relates to performance with this population
THE RELATIONSHIP OF DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES IN ADULTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF MENTAL HEALTH SYMPTOMS
Get PDFIn this study, we examine the pattern of mental health symptoms across adult development using data from a community-based clinic in Queens, NY. Age was represented by three qualitative stages, “early adulthood,” “middle adulthood,” and “late adulthood.” Early adulthood has been characterized as a period of heightened emotional instability, with less clear long-term commitments to romantic relationships, career paths, work, and living arrangements. Middle adulthood has been characterized as a more emotionally stable period in terms of relations with friends and family and social roles. Finally, late adults, although also viewed as more emotionally regulated, may again experience greater interpersonal instability as a result of the loss of spouses. In addition, this group will be at the end of their work careers (Johnson et al., 2020). This characterization of the development stages leads to different hypotheses about the types of present and persistent symptoms that will be most frequent at the different stages. For early adults, ages 18 to 29, we expect the highest level of symptoms associated with social roles and interpersonal relationships because they experience the most challenges (e.g., forming careers, developing relationships, leaving home). During middle adulthood, ages 30 to 59, we expect the lowest levels of Interpersonal Relationship symptoms due to having more stable relationships and experiences working through challenges. Finally, in late adults over 60, we expect a further reduction in symptoms associated with social roles because work and school are no longer challenges in their lives. We tested these hypotheses in 407 adults (248 women, 125 men, 34 not reported) who were beginning psychotherapy using the General Symptoms (GS), Social Role Symptoms (SR), and Interpersonal Relationship Symptoms (IR) subscales from the Outcomes Questionnaire (OQ-45). There were 203 emerging adults (E), 183 middle adults (M), and 21 late adults (O) in our sample. We used Bayesian ANOVAs followed by specific group comparisons as our analytic approach. Results: For General Symptoms, we found a general decrease across the three stages (mean symptoms = 14.5, 13.4, and 12.3 for the Early, Middle, and Late groups, respectively). Although consistent with our hypotheses, these results provided equivocal evidence for no differences between groups (BF01 = 1.8). For Social Role Symptoms, the mean symptoms were 4.2, 3.9, and 2.7, respectively, and these results provided strong support for group difference (BF10 = 12.9.). Finally, for Interpersonal Relations Symptoms, we found no support for our hypothesis as the means were equivalent across groups (2.5) and BF01 = 11.1, which shows strong support for the model of no difference. Conclusion: Our results were partially supported.as there was a modest decrease in general emotional distress across the 3 age groups. For social roles, the decrease was pronounced with Late Adults reporting the fewest symptoms. However, for interpersonal relationships, there was surprisingly no evidence for differences. Indeed, the null model received strong support, demonstrating that relationship symptoms are constant across the lifespan
Social Engineering Cyber Threats
Get PDFThe article explores the pervasive threat of social engineering in cybersecurity, emphasizing its success in infiltrating information systems by manipulating individuals rather than employing traditional hacking methods. The author underscores the vulnerability arising from human trust, as individuals, especially those lacking technology education, tend to be targets. While cryptography offers partial security, social engineering complicates overall system security. Mitigation strategies include educating employees on threats, risks, and security policies, coupled with enforcing penalties for noncompliance. Additionally, employing two-factor authentication and physical token-based access adds layers of protection. The article delves into semantic attacks, classifying various exploitation methods and emphasizing the critical role of user awareness. It addresses prevalent scams such as phishing, vishing, impersonation, and smishing, noting their impact on individuals and organizations. The study extends its focus globally, highlighting a unique advance fee fraud targeting vulnerable populations. Social engineering remains a significant challenge despite technological advancements, necessitating a multifaceted approach combining technical defenses, education, and public awareness
GENDER STEREOTYPES IN CHILDREN’S PICTURE BOOKS: A STUDY OF AUTHORS, ILLUSTRATORS, AND MAIN CHARACTERS IN A CLASSROOM LIBRARY COLLECTION
Get PDFThe purpose of this quantitative non-experimental study was to evaluate the gender stereotyping in picture books from a classroom library collection that primary school students use for independent reading in the classroom. Using the Kindergarten, 1st and 2nd grade fiction books from the classroom library collection from Booksource, this research included 151 books from an original total collection of 900 books of which 491 books were considered fiction. A revised coding sheet, originally from Hamilton et al. (2006), was used to code the books. Seven volunteers and the researcher coded each book with 17 books coded three times. Volunteers were provided with a link to a video, a PowerPoint slide show on coding and a cheat sheet with highlights for coding. They were given a month to code their books and access via email or phone to ask any questions. Using descriptive statistics, two-way between-subjects ANOVA, independent samples t-test and binomial logistic regression, a surprising/unique finding is that there was no significant difference between main character gender and main character age in children’s picture books. In addition, there was no significant difference with the written dialog of the male and female authors with relation to main character gender, behavior, and use of toys but there was a significant difference as male illustrators opposed to female illustrators influenced main character gender, behavior, and use of toys in the children’s picture books