UPLanD - Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & environmental Design
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Climate risk, Environmental planning, Urban design
Full text linkThe vulnerability of the territory and of urban districts and buildings is systemic and related to specific hazard and to the level of exposure of people and economic assets. Among the environmental risks, climate risk has multiple interpretations. The sources of the governmental organizations and scientific institutions indicate that the growing influence on the climate and the earth's temperature depend on the increasing emissions of greenhouse gases. The main international strategies are addressed in the medium and long term to establish mitigation of the causes that induce dangerous impacts in relation to the degree of vulnerability of contexts. The identification of local vulnerability, risks and activation of local resources, useful to improve the resilience and adaptive capacity, represent the link between the scale of urban planning and a more detailed scale, in which act through strategies "Climate-smart" in technological innovation and environmental design of buildings and open spaces system. Environmental design fits into the panorama of architectural design with the aim to define the boundaries and determine limits and goals related to the complex relationship between inhabitants and environment. In the field of new dwelling, but also in buildings and open spaces rehabilitation, the systemic and performance approach integrates the emerging scenarios of the digitization of built environment sector, that combine greater efficiency for the project and for the building process, developing preventive checks of the aspects of technical and performance simulation control
Drosscapes Recycle: a strategy for risk management through landscape
Full text linkThe debate on divestment and drosscapes is taking a much more central role in the post industrialization period within the modern societies.It is a fact the perspective of a constant and linear growth has been lost.The economic development stopped and turned itself in a “degrowth” which was questionably theorizing as a new "happy" phase.However the decline and the large consequent divestments bring out a new pattern of availability both in territories and designers.The traditional deficiency of urban spaces to allocate complex functional cities equipments is nowadays replaced by a virtual excess of empty urban spaces which are theoretically "ready" to play other roles.In this process, the private capital could play an important role in the transformation of citizen in consumer, if the institutions fail in being an efficient "guarantors" with respect of the urban role these areas have to maintain
Seismic microzonation: an essential tool for urban planning in seismic areas
Full text linkDramatic images of heaps of rubble produced in Italy by destructive earthquakes show the extreme vulnerability of urban systems and territory and the need for urgent measures to protect citizens, buildings, artistic heritage and landscape.According to this study, the reduction of vulnerability must go through ordinary city planning tools, prepared in time of seismic silence. They must be a strong reference point also for reconstruction.Therefore, a correct planning in seismic areas must be based on a deep knowledge of the territory, of its physical, historical and cultural characters.In this context, the studies of seismic microzonation have a central role in providing information about amplification phenomena linked to the interactions between seismic waves and soils and they are indispensable to manage an extraordinary event with ordinary urban planning instruments, as might be wished in an advanced nation
The Evaluation in Town and Regional Planning. Introductive report
Full text linkThe scientific purposes of the two past meetings (in Bari in 1987 and in Capri in 1988) and of the present Conference, consisted in the need of evaluating the state of the art of «evaluation» in regional planning processes, in theoretical and operational aspects, under two different points of view: 1. the correct «structural» timing of «evaluation» in urban and regional planning processes; 2. the detection, by means of «case study analysis» or «live» application, of the concrete applicability of evaluation techniques to planning cases.Three crucial topics for discussion were introduced 1. The “role of evaluation” (also as introduction for the Charter Of Capri, a “Proposals for an international discussion on Plans Evaluation” that was drawn up by the Scientific Committee of the Conference, on the basis of the results of the work produced, for the attention of the public authorities of the different States and the international scientific community); 2. what notions do planners have on«evaluation»?; 3. «evaluators» have a very clear idea of the concept of town-plan and namely: an extremely complex tool for a complex physical, anthropological, cultural, social and economic system; are they equally aware in understanding the plan as «architecture of the city»?.The «evaluation» represents a fundamental methodological innovation in town-planning, in planning in general and in the public management of resources. The plan, in the future, should thus be characterized - at all levels - by an accurate identification of the effects it will produce on the environment. Full article is available at A. Realfonzo personal profile on Accademia.ed
The Metropolis research. Experimental models and decision-making processes for the adaptive environmental design in climate change
Full text linkThe state of knowledge on climate change adaptation at the international level shows several experiences both in the field of research and urban politics that aim at defining methods and procedures, adaptation plans and guidelines for action. However, the specificity of the issues at the local scale requires further experimentations to implement suitable actions based on downscaling processes. Within the Metropolis project, the research group of the Department of Architecture at the Federico II University of Naples has carried out research work aimed at assessing the capacity of the urban system to adapt to the effects of climate change. The research work resulted in the development of a model of knowledge on the vulnerability to heat waves and pluvial flooding based on the study of the information about the features of the social and physical system. By developing downscaling experimental models, hazard scenarios have been built at the local scale based on the IPCC scenarios on CO2 emissions - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Finally, a decision-making process has been developed to assess the adaptive capacity of the urban system It allows the making of a long term adaptive design oriented towards processes of urban rehabilitation that are resilient to climate change. The adaptation solutions have been selected grading by their compatibility with the specific context and evaluated for the correspondence to the technological and environmental requirements, to the socio-economic conditions and the effects on the ecosystem
A methodology hazard-based for the mitigation of the radon risk in the urban planning
Full text linkA type of significant impact is the risk from radon gas in indoor settings, which is not been yet listed among the types of risk canonically considered in planning, such as the hydrogeological, seismic and volcanic risk, by fires and relevant accident risk (Castelluccio et al, 2012). The radon is a radioactive gas, that was classified since 1988 by the WHO as a carcinogen of the Group I (IARC-WHO, 1988), i.e. an oncogenic factor proved on humans.The European Union, transposing these indications, requires to the Member States, through the EU Directive, 59, 2013, the identification of areas particularly prone to radon, known as radon prone areas in the literature. However, currently there is still no international standard for the mapping of these areas. Moreover, this Directive defers the mitigation of the phenomenon to the building regulations.This research shows a methodology to build the risk maps of radon at the urban scale, as you can regulate and specify mitigation actions only at this spatial level
Vulnerability and risks related to climatic events in urban coastal environments: Overview of actuality and challenges of methodologies and approaches
Full text linkInternational-renowned forecasting of urban development in coastal environments indicates an increased exposure to the risks of climatic events by way of natural hazards. This indication indirectly exacerbates the vulnerability of relating coastal communities. Using this viewpoint, a decade long study between 2000-2010 conceptualises a considerable volume of research in the area of vulnerability to urban environmental change due to disasters in relation to climatic events. In particular, several studies have attempted to present a discourse on the vulnerability of social ecological systems to hazards or risk occurrence within urban coastal environments in order to improve understanding and support for the assessment of impacts and risks related to such change and, by definition, its associating adaptive measures. This overview takes into account disparate opinions, approaches and methodologies applied by different scientific viewpoints and research studies, and highlights salient and vantage aspects. The research is organised in three key methodological sections: (1) urban coastal vulnerability and risk assessment; (2) vulnerability assessment of urban coastal ecosystems; and (3) ecosystem-based approaches for urban coastal risk assessment. Vulnerability and risk assessment are anchored via exposure, susceptibility and resilience, and are must-do activities when addressing a system