Scientificia (E-Journals)
Not a member yet
210 research outputs found
Sort by
Government Intervention in Free Markets: The Shipping Industry
Full text linkOver the last century the liberalization of national economies and the induction of free markets have fueled seaborne trade as a pillar for economic growth and international trade. But the prosperity that maritime shipping and seaborne trade has generated needs to be secured within the context of globalization; and so the governments will play a crucial part in promoting and fostering its sustainability. Some argue that governments have a moral and legal obligation to intervene and safeguard sustainable practices. Some on the other hand take that governments’ role should be a mere promoter and capacity developer for the greater good through protecting the process of economic prosperity. The real life models show that the degree of government intervention is influenced by country specific environments and may vary according to different economic structures ranging from directive intervention by actively advising industrial policy and investing in selected areas of interest, to facilitative intervention by creating positive investment conditions and provision of public capacity for industries to foster and grow. This paper will make a brief overview on various models examining the degrees of government intervention and its impact on economic prosperity with a particular focus on maritime shipping and seaborne trade. We shall conduct a review of neoliberalism vs. statism and their respect ramification on maritime trade, and will point out to novel third way as a balanced approach that can foster best outcome for our certain study area, i.e. the shipping industry. We are of the opinion that this literature analysis not only provides an overview of the current status of knowledge within the domain of free markets and government intervention, but also serves as a salient guideline for future research directions.
Research paper
Keywords: Government intervention; Free markets; Maritime shipping industry
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Roshanaei, N., & Khoramshahi, N. (2020). Government Intervention in Free Markets: The Shipping Industry, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 8(1), 180–203
Optimisation of Organisational Performance via I-Top Strategic Agility Model
Full text linkOrganisational sustainability has become a major issue as organisations are struggling to achieve their targeted performance due to a dynamic business environment driven towards Industry 4.0 via technological advancement. Under such circumstances, it is a challenge for organisations to achieve the strategic agility needed for a fluid corporate strategy to manage the current disruptive business environment. To achieve optimal organisational performance, organisations must be efficient in managing time, money, and energy. The I-TOP Strategic Agility model is a very fluid model that helps organisations achieve strategic agility which is needed to manage the environmental dynamism. Optimising the return on investment (ROI) is crucial for organisational performance and sustainability. This can be achieved through the dimensions of the I-TOP Strategic Agility model called Technology Infinite Possibilities, Outright Environmental Scanning, and People-Human Capital Development. Organisations that utilise this model would be able to attain the strategic agility needed as the trendsetter and achieve business sustainability.
Research paper
Keywords: Organisational Performance; Strategic Agility; Technology Infinite Possibilities; Outright Environmental Scanning; Human Capital Development
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Muthuveloo, R., & Teoh, A. P. (2020). Optimisation of Organisational Performance via I-Top Strategic Agility Model, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 8(2), 154–174
Organizational Innovation, R&D and Product Innovation: Firm-Level Evidence from ASEAN Countries
Full text linkThe study explores the direct effects of organizational innovation and R&D (research and development) and the complementary effect of these two factors on the likelihood of innovation at a higher degree of radicalness in ASEAN. This research focus is important as little is known about the role of organizational innovation and the combination of this type of innovation with R&D for product innovation efforts. The study uses cross-sectional data from the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey in 2015-2016 and a generalized ordered logit model to address the common limitation of the standard ordered logit model in estimation. The findings show that both organizational innovation and R&D have significantly positive effects on the possibility of innovation at a higher degree of radicalness. The positive complementary effect of organizational innovation and R&D is also supported. The practical implications emphasize that ASEAN firms should devote more resources to organizational innovation and R&D to boost their product innovation performance.
Research paper
Keywords: ASEAN; Generalized ordered logit model; Organizational innovation; Product innovation; R&D
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Nguyen-Van, D., & Chang, C. (2020). Organizational Innovation, R&D and Product Innovation: Firm-Level Evidence from ASEAN Countries, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 8(1), 54–76
Entrepreneurial Universities in Times of Crisis: Case of Covid-19 Pandemic
Full text linkEntrepreneurial universities are at the centre of innovation ecosystems, and play a critical role in improving them. The concept of the quintuple helix, which deals with the interrelations between universities, industries, governments, societies and environments is highly sensitive to the role of entrepreneurial universities which could pave the way for their success. During the COVID-19 pandemic, they faced several challenges, and the ecosystem needed their attention to a greater extent. This research highlights the main challenges faced by entrepreneurial universities and their responses to those challenges. Hence, qualitative research was conducted by interviewing twenty-five experts from different countries in the Middle East, including Iran, Turkey, Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Jordan, Kuwait, and Lebanon. The respondents were engaged in five online focus group sessions, and the findings were coded. The findings revealed the main challenges faced by entrepreneurial universities as well as their relevant potential responses.
Research paper
Keywords: The Middle East; Entrepreneurial universities; Quintuple helix; Covid-19; Crisis
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Kawamorita, H., Salamzadeh, A., Demiryurek, K., & Ghajarzadeh, M. (2020). Entrepreneurial Universities in Times of Crisis: Case of Covid-19 Pandemic, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 8(1), 77–88
The Impact Factor of Costs to the Tax System
Full text linkThis paper is about the costs of the enterprises to the tax system. Thence, we have an analysis of the impact factor of the tax revenues of the countries subject to the costs of companies on the tax system. Thereupon from the view of the level of influence of the enterprises which participate in controlled transactions of transfer pricing to the global tax revenue, it is plausible to identify the impact factor of costs, when there exists that factor with the case which that factor is avoided. The impact factor of costs in combination with the tax revenues is determined through the Q.E. method and the R.B.Q. model. Inasmuch as, is defined as the behavior of the tax system subject to the capital of the tax system. Then a quantitative simulation is used as a methodology for this work, to define the impact of costs on the enterprises.
Research paper
Keywords: transfer pricing; costs; tax revenue; transactions
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Challoumis, C. (2020). The Impact Factor of Costs to the Tax System, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 8(1), 1–14
Association of Entrepreneurship Ecosystem with Economic Growth in Selected Countries: An Empirical Exploration
Full text linkThis study was created the entrepreneurship ecosystem index (EEI) as an effective tool for measurement of entrepreneurship ecosystem for 34 selected economies during 2000-2017. It was considered EEI as an integrated index of 12 different indicators (i.e. financing for entrepreneurs, governmental support and policies, taxes and bureaucracy, governmental programs, basic school entrepreneurial education and training, post school entrepreneurial education and training, R&D transfer, commercial and professional infrastructure, internal market dynamics, internal market openness, physical and services infrastructure, and cultural and social norms) of entrepreneurship activities. Composite Z-score technique was used to create EEI for undertaken economies. Thereupon, it assesses the association of estimated EEI with socio-economic, science & technology (S&T) and IPRs related factors using correlation coefficient techniques. Estimated values of EEI show that India has 8th position in entrepreneurship ecosystem among the 34 economies. Also, there was found a high diversity in entrepreneurship ecosystem in efficiency, factor and innovation driven economies due to variation in 12 indicators of entrepreneurship ecosystem and socio-economic activities. Accordingly, it investigates the causal relationship between EEI and per capita GDP using linear, non-linear and log-linear regression models at country-wise panel data. Empirical results imply that per capita GDP is significantly associated with entrepreneurship ecosystem, socio-economic, S&T and IPRs related indicators. Entrepreneurship ecosystem have a causal relationship with per capita GDP. Entrepreneurship ecosystem is significantly associated with socio-economic development and S&T and IPRs related indicators. It brings several practical policy proposals to create effective entrepreneurship ecosystem, and to sustain economic and social development in India.
Research paper
Keywords: Entrepreneurship ecosystem; Science & Technology, Intellectual property rights; Per capita GDP; Economic development; India; Developed and developing economies
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Singh, A. K., & Ashraf, S. N. (2020). Association of Entrepreneurship Ecosystem with Economic Growth in Selected Countries: An Empirical Exploration, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 8(2), 36–92.  
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth of China after Economic Reform
Full text linkAfter the reformation and open-door policy, the economic and financial expansion of China has been faster than before. This study examines the impact of FDI on economic growth in China empirically. The paper uses time-series data over a period spanning from 1982 – 2019. From the results, FDI and trade have a positive impact on the GDP growth rate. The effects of each of the endogenous variables are examined via the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The study shows that there exist long-run associations between the FDI and the growth of GDP in China and short-run causality is found between them
Research paper
Keywords: FDI; Economic Growth; VECM Model; Economic Reform
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Majumder, S. H., & Rahman, M. H. (2020). Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth of China after Economic Reform, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 8(2), 120–153.  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities for Youth Engagement and Empowerment for a Sustainable Future
Full text linkYouth can play a vital role in positively affecting the sustainable development goals and the progress of their recipient communities. Young adults make about 30 percent of the world population, and their participation in affairs of their community and its subsequent impact represents a key component for long-term success. The importance of youth engagement and empowerment has been systematically overlooked by the top decision-makers and youth have been ignored through all tiers of economic and sociopolitical spectrums. This calls for an overhaul of policymaking to give young people from all over the world the credit they deserve by allowing them to actively participate in all relevant levels of the decision-making process, considering that those decisions not only affect their present lives but their future as well. Empowered youth are responsible citizens, professionals and leaders who are positively shaping and affecting the future through navigating and managing the complexities of global challenges. In this research, the focus will be on how entrepreneurial opportunities for youth empowerment will lead to a sustainable future. In this paper, a research review has been conducted on entrepreneurial opportunities and critical factors that are specific to the context of youth engagement and empowerment. This work is based on primary sources such as policy documents, global youth-related summits and review of available evidence. Besides these sources, information from secondary sources was taken into consideration. These sources were relevant publications, reports, and academic articles. This literature analysis not only provides us with an overview of the current status of knowledge within the domain of entrepreneurial opportunities but also serves as a salient guideline for future research directions.
Research paper
Keywords: Entrepreneurial opportunities; Youth engagement and empowerment; Sustainable Future
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Roshanaei, N. (2020). Entrepreneurial Opportunities for Youth Engagement and Empowerment for a Sustainable Future, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 8(2), 175–195.  
Uncovering Co-Operators Entrepreneurial Traits: An Empirical Investigation
Full text linkIn light of studying the social entrepreneurship ecosystem in Morocco, this paper aims at providing a summary regarding a range of characteristics and entrepreneurial traits among cooperatives’ members (co-operators). It is also about interpreting the faculty of existing literature to examine motives and antecedents leading to the development and the maintenance of entrepreneurial spirit among co-operators. The methodology followed is based on Geert Hofstede’s (1980, 1994) empirical framework regarding national cultures as well as the research of both Bachelet et al (2005), and Shepherd & Douglas (1997) as regards to the impact of psychological and socio-cultural factors on entrepreneurs’ personality and spirit. Cooperatives business is in an area of growing significance in Morocco. Nowadays we count more than 27000 cooperatives (15000 in 2015) where the regions of south have the major concentration of cooperatives (35%). The main source of data was collected through regional co-operators quantitative survey conducted among a group of 15 southern cooperatives in various sectors involving 114 co-operators. Investigated topics and chosen variables were decided beforehand, through a national expert's survey, and conducting interviews with 24 national experts in fields related to cooperative entrepreneurship. This is in order to having their perspectives on relevant co-operators framework settings, motivations, skills, personal traits, etc. Based on the respondents’ answers, we’ve tried to understand the type of organizational culture within their specific entities. The results emphasized the preeminence of collective culture, a low aversion to risk and synchronous behavior towards time as well as the positive impact of entrepreneurial self-efficacy motivations such as working within a team and seizing opportunities. Outcomes underline the importance of social environment on the entrepreneurial expression concerning co-operants, as well as significant attitudes variables such as autonomy, initiative and need for fulfillment. The study recommends that co-operators should identify their unique behavior, explore ways to improve and get additional skills that will help them become more proactive towards issues of their domain. Overall, this paper provides one of a few projections of entrepreneurship assumptions on cooperatives field in Morocco and offered one glimpse into nature of cooperative members in the country. We expect this may help researchers, practitioners and policy-makers understand possible improvement opportunities for cooperative field and social entrepreneurship in general.
Research paper
Keywords: Psychological; Socio-cultural, Traits; Entrepreneurial spirit; Organizational culture
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: El Khaddar, H., Bakkar, M., El Meskine, L., & Chakir, A. (2020). Uncovering Co-Operators Entrepreneurial Traits: An Empirical Investigation, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 8(2), 1–35
Investigating the Factors Affecting Consumer Purchase Intention towards Halal Organic Food
Full text linkOrganic food industry is currently one of the emerging markets around the world. People begin to realize the advantages of using organic instead of conventional food. Despite taking care of the environment, people are also concerned about their healthy lifestyle. The rising of Muslim consumers in the world has also attracts this industry to react in order to meet Muslims needs and preferences. Organic foods must have a Halal certification to please and win Muslim consumers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors, namely, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behaviour control and price that influence Muslim consumer’s purchase intention towards Halal organic food. To do this, questionnaires were distributed to 208 respondents that shop at organic stores in Penang, Malaysia during end of January until early February, 2019. The relationships between factors were investigated, this study using structural equation modelling (SEM) with partial least square (PLS) version 2.0. The study found that attitudes, perceived behaviour control and price have significant effects on consumers’ purchase intention of Halal organic food, while subjective norms was found to be insignificant. This study contributes to the body of literature by adding price as one of the independent variables to the Theory of Planned Behavior. This study also contributes valuable information to the food and beverage industry indicating that Muslim consumers’ are now looking at Halal logo and certification in order to buy organic food products.
Research paper
Keywords: Purchase Intention, Attitude, Perceived Behaviour Control, Subjective Norms, Price
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Kamalul Ariffin, S., Dihanan, N. N., & Abdul Wahid, N. (2019). Investigating the Factors Affecting Consumer Purchase Intention towards Halal Organic Food, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 7(2), 162–188