INNOVATIONS in pharmacy (Iip - E-Journal)
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Book Review by Jon C. Schommer, Ph.D., Editor, INNOVATIONS in pharmacy: The Good Pharmacist - Book 2 Review
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Review of Community Based Organization and Community Pharmacy Partnerships for Preventive Care Services
Get PDFCollaborative care has been widely recognized as being critical to promoting the health of individuals and populations. It is hypothesized that the development of partnerships between community-based organizations and community pharmacies may result in increased access to preventive care services for community members with the goal of improving health outcomes. The purpose of this review was to identify and describe partnerships between community-based organizations and community pharmacies. A literature search was conducted for all articles in the English language published through January 2018 that included these types of partnerships offering preventive care services. A total of seven articles were included in the review, of which the majority were conducted in the United States (n=5). Community-based organizations included businesses, community health centers, local associations, public health departments, schools, and workplaces. Preventive care services that were offered included blood pressure and cardiovascular risk assessment, diabetes management, flu ready card and HIV self-test kit voucher distribution and education, and bone mineral density screenings. The limited literature suggests that additional opportunities should be explored in order for community-based organizations and community pharmacies to partner in order to provide and evaluate the impact of preventive care services in the community setting.
Conflict of Interest: We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties.
Type: Revie
Laptop Versus Longhand Note Taking in a Professional Doctorate Course: Student Performance, Attitudes, and Behaviors
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Objective: To determine the relationship between longhand note taking versus laptop note taking on pharmacy students’ examination performance and identify differences in attitudes and behaviors as it relates to the note taking process.
Methods: A small group of students consented voluntarily to take longhand notes, doing away with their laptops during portions of the course administered by study investigators. Analyses were conducted on block examination performance, with each student’s score on the first examination serving as a performance benchmark to assess change. Laptop and longhand note takers completed a survey regarding various aspects of their note taking attitudes and behaviors, and also included open text comments to capture qualitative experiential data.
Results: Based upon a relatively small number of participants in the longhand cohort (n=11), the differences between the groups on subsequent examinations was approximately 3.5 percentage points in favor of the longhand note-takers. There were significant differences observed between the two groups on several survey items, with longhand note takers less likely to be distracted in class and more likely to agree that other students ask to review their notes due to the quality of those notes.
Conclusions: Longhand note taking might facilitate more accurate recall or retrieval in test situations, thus producing improved test scores for certain types of students in certain types of courses; however additional research is needed. Faculty may consider whether modifying students’ classroom note taking practices may contribute to an improved learning experience.
Article Type: Original Researc
Health Care Utilization
Get PDFFaculty Discussant: A. Simon Pickard, PhDArticle 1: Real-World Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cells Transplantation vs. Hydroxyurea Therapy in Children with Sickle Cell DiseaseJifang Zhou, MD, MPH; Gregory S. Calip, PharmD, MPH, PhDArticle 2: Fondaparinux Sodium Compared with Low Molecular Weight Heparins for Thromboprophylaxis among the Patients with Orthopedic Immobility: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisArun Kumar PharmD, MS; Ashna Talwar, BPharm; Wenchen Wu, PhD; Joel F Farley, PhDArticle 3: Differences by Primary Insurance in 30-day All-cause Readmission for Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer SurgeriesMing Chen, MS, MSPharm; Shelley Irene White-Means, PhD, MA; Sam Li, PhD, MSArticle 4: Seasonal Variation in Heart Failure Hospitalizations in the United StatesKendra Y. Foster, MS; Linnea A. Polgreen, PhDArticle 5: Antidiabetic Medications among People 20 years and Older and with Diabetes in the United StatesJulie Zhiying Zhao, MPH; Angeline Carlson, PhDArticle 6: Healthcare Utilization in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Using DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 AgonistsSajan Pandya BPharm; Monica Hwang, PhDArticle 7: Estimating the Impact of the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Unapproved Drug Initiative (UDI) on Drug Prices and ExpendituresSharma D; Schumock GT; Saffore C; Edwards SA; Walton S
Medication Access & Adherence
Get PDFFaculty Discussant: Olayinka Shiyanbola, PhD Article 1: The Association Between Adverse Drug Reaction Incidence and Drug Adherence : A Systematic Approach Huang CY; Villa KR;Dircksen, K; Sabbaghi A; Murawski MMArticle 2: Adherence to Biologic and Conventional Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Pragya Mishra, MS, PhD Candidate; Joseph Thomas III, PhD, ProfessorArticle 3: Cost-Effectiveness of a Theoretical Pharmacist-Led Breast Cancer Adherence Intervention Alemseged Ayele Asfaw, MSc; Brian Talon, PharmD; Scott Wirth PharmD, BCOP; Lisa Sharp PhD; Daniel Touchette PharmD, MAArticle 4: Antidiabetic Drug Adherence among Childless Adults Experiencing Medicaid Coverage Expansion in Wisconsin Nam Hyo Kim, MS; Kevin A. Look, PhD; Marguerite Burns, PhDArticle 5: Exploring the Barriers and Facilitators of Medication Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes across Different Health Literacy LevelsYen-Ming Huang, MS; Olayinka O. Shiyanbola, PhD BPharmArticle 6: Closing the Medicare Part D Coverage Gap: Impact on Out-Of-Pocket Burden, Drug Utilization, and Access to Care among Beneficiaries and Those with Cancer Joohyun Park, MS; Kevin A. Look, PharmD, PhDArticle 7: Relationship of Travel Distance and Time to Dispensing Pharmacies on Warfarin Control in an Urban Population Connie H. Yan, PharmD; Edith Nutescu, PharmD, MS; Lisa K. Sharp, Ph
Pharmacist-Physician Collaboration at a Family Medicine Residency Program: A Focus Group Study
Get PDFBackground: In response to transforming healthcare and pursuit of the Triple Aim, many health systems have added team members to expand the capabilities and effectiveness of the team to facilitate these aims. The objective of this study was to explore knowledge and perceptions of pharmacist-physician collaboration among family medicine residents (FMR), family medicine faculty (FMF), and pharmacist faculty and residents in a practice where clinical pharmacy services were relatively new. Understanding the nuances of pharmacist-physician interactions will provide insight into how to improve FMR education to prepare learners for patient-centered, team-based practice.
Methods: An exploratory descriptive qualitative study design was used to articulate perceptions of professional roles and team-based care in an interprofessional family medicine community-based clinical practice. Five, 60-minute focus groups were conducted in a clinical training setting that focuses on preparing family medicine physicians for collaborative rural primary care practice.
Results: Twenty-one FMRs, eight FMF, and six clinical pharmacists participated. Three themes emerged from the focus groups and were consistent across the groups: 1) roles of pharmacists recognized by physicians in different settings, 2) benefits to collaboration, and 3) keys to successful pharmacist-physician collaboration which include a) developing the relationship, b) optimizing communication, c) creating beneficial clinical workflow, d) clarifying roles and responsibilities, and e) increasing opportunities for meaningful interactions.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that by co-locating physicians and pharmacists in the same environment, and providing a basic structure for collaboration, a collaborative working relationship can be initiated. Practices looking to have more effective collaborative working relationships should strive to increase the frequency of interactions of the professions, help the physicians understand the abilities of pharmacists, and help the pharmacists articulate to the physicians the value of what they provide to patients. The five keys identified in this study are building blocks to advance a successful collaborative working relationship that positively benefits patient care and achieves the Quadruple Aim.
Conflict of Interest We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties
Treatment of Human Subjects: IRB exemption granted
Type: Original Researc
A Journey to Understand Enjoyment in Academic Writing
Get PDFTo assist academic writers in finding enjoyment in writing, this paper draws a distinction between enjoying the process of writing and enjoying the nature of writing. Based on an examination of academic writing literature, analysis of personal experiences, and a review of the positive psychology literature, conditions that support writing enjoyment are posited. Readers are invited to examine their personal experience with writing enjoyment relative to these levers. Concrete actions for authors to improve enjoyment in writing are suggested based on the theories discussed, including actions to support flow, creativity, curiosity, courage, mindset, purpose, and humility.
Article Type: Commentar
Geriatric and Student Perceptions following Student-led Educational Sessions
Get PDFObjective: The objective of this study was to measure the effect of student-led educational events on geriatric patient and student participant perceptions in a community setting.
Methods: Students led three events at a senior community center, focusing on learning and memory, sleep hygiene, and arthritis pain. The participants were geriatric patients who themselves were providers of support to homebound peers (“clients”) through an independently organized program. Geriatric participants completed pre- and post-event surveys to measure changes in familiarity with the topics. Student participants also completed pre- and post-event surveys that tracked changes in their comfort in working with the geriatric population.
Results: Each event demonstrated at least one positive finding for geriatric patients and/or their clients. Students reported increased comfort in working with and teaching the geriatric population following the first and third events, but not the second.
Conclusion: Student-led educational sessions can improve perceived health-related knowledge of geriatric participants while simultaneously exposing students to the geriatric patient population. Overall, both students and geriatric participants benefited from these events.
Practice Implications: Incorporation of single, student-led educational events could be mutually beneficial to students and the elderly population in the community and easily incorporated into any healthcare curriculum.
Funding:This work was supported by a Butler University Innovation Fund Grant.
Treatment of Human Subjects: IRB review/approval required and obtained
Type: Original Researc
Using Authentic Medication Errors to Promote Pharmacy Student Critical Thinking and Active Learning
Get PDFObjective: To promote first year (P1) pharmacy students’ awareness of medication error prevention and to support student learning in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences.
Innovation: A novel curricular activity was created and referred to as “Medication Errors and Sciences Applications (MESA)”. The MESA activity encouraged discussions of patient safety among students and faculty to link medication errors to biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences, which ultimately reinforced student learning in P1 curricular topics.
Critical Analysis: Three P1 cohorts implemented the MESA activity and approximately 75% of students from each cohort completed a reliable assessment instrument. Each P1 cohort had at least 14 student teams who generated professional reports analyzing authentic medication errors. The quantitative assessment results indicated that 70-85% of students believed that the MESA activity improved student learning in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences. More than 95% of students agreed that the MESA activity introduced them to medication errors. Approximately 90% of students agreed that the MESA activity integrated the knowledge and skills they developed through the P1 curriculum, promoted active learning and critical thinking, and encouraged students to be self-directed learners. Furthermore, our data indicated that approximately 90% of students stated that the achievement of Bloom’s taxonomy's six learning objectives was promoted by completing the MESA activity.
Next Steps: Pharmacy students’ awareness of medication errors is a critical component of pharmacy education, which pharmacy educators can integrate with biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences to enhance student learning in the P1 year.
Treatment of Human Subjects: IRB exemption granted
Type: Not
Evaluating the Use of Automated Feedback on Student Motivation
Get PDFObjective: Autonomy-support and quality feedback have been shown to significantly impact student learning. Unfortunately, quality feedback is often very time consuming. The goal of this study was to examine the autonomy-supportive potential from feedback provided via technology, specifically the ExamSoft Strength and Opportunities report.
Methods: Students were divided into two groups: one received enhanced performance feedback via the ExamSoft Strength and Opportunities report, the other received traditional grade-only feedback in the form of grades and course averages, via ExamSoft. The Learning Self-Regulation Survey (SRQ-L) was administered to 139 third-year doctor of pharmacy students. The survey contained 14 statements asking students to rate their reasons (relative autonomy) for reviewing ExamSoft feedback, three items related to use of the ExamSoft technology, and five demographic items.
Results: A statistical difference, t(52) = -2.07, p =0.043; d = .577, was reported between the two groups indicating enhanced feedback via ExamSoft had a moderate impact on students’ autonomy.
Conclusions: Students who received enhanced ExamSoft feedback reported significantly higher relative autonomy index (RAI) for feedback review than students who did not receive the feedback. This suggests that the enhanced ExamSoft feedback was autonomy-supportive.
Conflict of Interest: None
Treatment of Human Subjects: IRB review/approval required and obtained
Type: Original Researc