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Challenges and countermeasures for experiential learning such as internships in the new coronavirus
Get PDF2019 年末から日本でも新型コロナウイルスが猛威を奮い、日本経済に深刻名影響を与えている。この影響は大学教育にも見受けられ、特にインターンシップ等の体験学習は実行が困難になった。その中で実施した経営学科の野村證券インターンシップⅠと神戸六甲迎賓館インターンシップⅠはオンライン形式や期間短縮等の変化があったものの成果を出せた。その要因は受け入れ先と大学の協働でのインターンシッププログラムデザインと役割分担と学びの収斂過程の明確化であった。また、振り返り時に発問で体験を再現・再認識することも体験学習を効率的にすると考えられる。departmental bulletin pape
The Future of Recurrent Education in Japan II: The Cybersecurity Education in the University of Texas
Get PDF日本が参照し得る米国のリカレント教育の事例として，テキサス大学サンアントニオ校のサイバーセキュリティ（CS）教育を分析した。この大学は新分野であるCS課程を米国で早期に設置した。社会人学生を含めて学修成果が重視され，実際的・体験的な課程として評価が高い。教育・研究とともにCSの普及啓蒙活動がなされた。CSには防御側と攻撃側の戦いという側面があり，ゲームの競技会やそれを介した才能の発見につながった。リカレント教育は最近の日本の政策課題である。本稿の示唆として，CSはリカレント教育に適し，共同体全員の仕事であり，教育課程の構造化と柔軟性の均衡が重要である。A research of cybersecurity (CS) education in the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) was conducted as a case study of recurrent education that Japan can refer to in the United States. The findings were summarized as follows. (1) UTSA is one of the first universities that started CS education in the United States. The CS courses were set up in the faculties of science and business administration. USTA provides practical CS education and its reputation is high. The online course was developed by the Institute for Transformational Learning and offers almost the same content as a face-to-face course. The main content of the CS course consists of computer science and the accumulation of actual CS know-how. (2) Along with the education and research, a wide range of off-campus dissemination and community support activities are carried out. One of the characteristics of CS is the battle between the defender and the attacker, which leads to the CS game competitions and makes it possible to discover talent through it. (3) The Texas state government has a higher education plan with four goals: increasing the rate of enrollment, increasing the number of graduates, acquiring marketable skills, and reducing the burden of tuition fees. The CS education in UTSA supports the first three, but not the fourth, relying on the corporate scholarships and the expectation of high income after graduation. (4) The recurrent education has become a policy issue in Japan. The implications for Japan are as follows. a) CS is suitable for a recurrent education. b) CS is a field of work for all members of the community, not just experts. The development of multi-layered CS education is expected. c) It is important to balance the structuring of the CS curriculum with keeping the flexibility to respond to progress.departmental bulletin pape
Tones and their Meanings from the Viewpoint of Harmony Theory
Get PDF本研究は、英語のイントネーションにおける核音調 (Nuclear Tones) の音程構造をとりあげ、それぞれの音程の紡ぎだす和声構造の構造分析を行う。核音調として認められるものの数は、研究者によって異なるが、通常5種類から7種類程度が設定される場合が多い。本稿ではまず、①それらの核音調の周波数構造をPraat (またはWASP) によって抽出し、次に②その周波数構造を平均律音階に変換し、核音調の音程構造を記述する。そして、その結果得られた音程構造を、和声 (harmony) 理論から分析し、それぞれの核音調の持つ言語的意味を和声理論により考察し、和声的意味から音調的意味を明らかにしようとしたものである。This study discusses the harmony structure of nuclear tones in English. We examined three types of nuclear tones, Low Fall, High Fall and Fall-Rise as in J. C. Wells (2006), English Intonation and their tune structure was analyzed first auditorily, and then semantic analysis of each nuclear tone was carried out within the framework of O’Connor and Arnold, (1961, 2nd ed. 1973), Intonation of Colloquial English.
The tonal structure of above three nuclear tones, Low Fall, High Fall and Fall-Rise was analyzed acoustically by drawing the pitch-contour using computer applications such as Praat or WASP.
Thirdly, the above frequency structure of nuclear tones was transformed into musical notes in order to describe the harmony structure of three tones.
Finally, all these results were integrated to discuss the relationship between the meaning and the harmony structure of nuclear tones.
We found that 1) Low Fall nuclear tone terminates the IP with tonic notes or notes with tonic character in stable state, expressing coolness, surliness, and surprise. 2) High Fall nuclear tone terminates the IP, either with octave fall (or octave +αfall, or fall of seven degrees) in stable state, expressing airiness, briskness, and interest, or with the fall to dominant /subdominant notes in unstable state, expressing emphasis. 3) Fall-Rise nuclear tone terminates the IP with the former falling part heading toward the tonic (or octave stable sounds), and with the latter rising part heading toward the dominant (or passing notes toward the following notes), expressing that there is something to follow.departmental bulletin pape
The Continuity of Teachers’ Anticipatory Socialization and Educational Practice in the First Year
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to examine the continuity of teachers’ anticipatorysocialization and educational practice in the first year, and to produce the profiles of thebeginning primary school teachers who learned from the previous teacher training programbefore the introduction of the core curriculum, by utilizing the interview data of twelveteachers.
The findings related to teacher training program are as follows. The first findings relateto understanding pupils and communicating with them, lesson planning, and learning aboutteaching profession empirically. The second findings are about acquisition of the basics as ateacher, the communication skills and the ability to continue learning. Finally, the finding relates to the difficulty to master the attitude required for teachers as profession.
On the other hand, some important findings outside the teacher training program include learning about different kinds of pupils and the way of educating them individually,diverse teaching methods and how to communicate with people of different ages.本論文の目的は，新任の公立小学校教師12名のインタビュー調査データに基づいて，新任教師が入職後に大学時代の学修経験をどのように活かしているのか，そしてそれをどのように評価しているのかということを明らかにし，教職課程コアカリキュラム以前の教職課程で育った教師のプロフィールを作成することである。
その結果，次にことがわかった。まず，教職課程に関することは次の通りである。第一に，有益であった学修内容は，子ども理解と彼らへの対応を取り扱ったもの，授業計画立案に関するもの，学校と教職について経験的に学修できるものである。第二に，身につけたと考えているものは，教師としての基礎，コミュニケーション力，学び続ける力であった。第三に，専門職としての教師に必要な態度についてはあまり修得することができていなかった。
一方，教職課程外の有益な経験については次の通りである。彼らは，多様な子どもを理解したうえで彼ら一人ひとりへの対応する方策や，教師のさまざまな指導方法，異年齢の人々とのコミュニケーションの取り方などを学んだ。departmental bulletin pape
Evaluation of MIDI data processing function by Python + Mido library
Get PDFThis is a research note investigating the MIDI data processing function of the Mido library on Python. MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a standard for transmitting and receiving music performance information between electronic musical instruments and computers. Mido is a library that allows MIDI data to be handled as an object on the programming language Python. By using a library such as Mido, it can be expected to process the control and performance expression of various electronic musical instruments efficiently and flexibly. The author has made various attempts, such as converting information from various sensors into MIDI data based on certain rules, using a board computer such as Arduino or a personal computer. As a result of investigating the MIDI processing function of Mido this time, it was found to be sufficiently useful for the author's research. In the future, I would like to further explore the Python and Mido libraries and deepen my research activities.本稿はPython上のMidoライブラリによる、MIDIデータ処理機能について調べた研究ノートである。MIDI（Musical Instrument Digital Interface）とは，電子楽器やコンピュータ間で音楽の演奏情報を送受信するための規格である。またMidoは，MIDIデータをプログラム言語Python上のオブジェクトとして扱うことができるようにするためのライブラリで，Midoのようなライブラリを利用することで，様々な電子楽器の制御や演奏表現を効率よく，かつ柔軟に処理することが期待できる。著者はこれまでArduinoなどのボードコンピュータやパソコンを使い，各種センサーからの情報を一定ルールに基づきMIDIデータに変換するなど、様々な試みを行ってきたが，今回MidoによるMIDI処理機能を調べた結果、著者の研究に十分役立つことが分かった。今後はPythonやMidoライブラリをさらに探求し、より研究活動を深めて行きたい。departmental bulletin pape
イタリアの小・中学校教師の力量形成に関する研究 －2019年教員質問紙調査の結果から－
Get PDFBased on the quantitative data collected through a 2019 questionnaire survey targeting teachers at public primary and lower secondary schools in Italy, this study identified the characteristics of their competence formation. The results of the survey are as follows.
Many primary school teachers aspired to become a teacher when they were still in primary school, while many lower secondary school teachers made their decision after graduating from university.
When asked to identify the most significant reason behind their decision to become a teacher, majority of primary school teachers cited direct interactions with children they met during internships. For lower secondary school teachers, the most common reason was an encounter with a favourite subject or discipline.
Regarding the educational experiences until university graduation that were useful in developing the foundation for teaching, many primary school teachers cited the interactions with teachers they met during their student years and the direct contact with children during internships as well as academic experiences such as class lessons and independent study at the university. Similar results were also observed among lower secondary school teachers.
The events that influenced the teaching practice of primary school teachers and lower secondary school teachers and their views of education, were interactions with children and colleagues, research activities, and encounters with people outside the school. A few respondents also cited personal events such as the illness or death of someone close to them.
With respect to what they regarded as significant in improving the quality of their teaching practice, many primary and lower secondary school teachers cited interactions with colleagues and children in the school, reading, training, and researching at their school, and training at universities and research centres.
In terms of relationships with colleagues, both primary and lower secondary school teachers responded that they actively discussed issues related to children, education, and teaching practice with their colleagues, and that they were enthusiastically involved in school operations. However, they were not actively observing one another’s classes.
When it came to the attitude regarding their life as a teacher, many primary and lower secondary school teachers responded that they were satisfied with their work and it was worthwhile, although they were extremely busy every day. They believed that they were making meaningful contributions to the society.本論文の目的は，2019年に実施したイタリアの公立小・中学校教師を対象とした質問紙調査データをもとに，彼らの力量形成のあり方を明らかにすることである。その結果，以下のことがわかった。
教職選択時期については，小学校教師の場合は小学校の時期，中学校教師の場合は大学卒業後に教職を選択した者が多かった。
教職選択の最も大きなきっかけで最も割合が高かったものは，小学校教師に関しては，インターンシップなどで子どもと直接接した経験，中学校教師の場合は，好きな教科や学問との出会いであった。
教職活動の基礎を培うにあたって役立った大学時代までの被教育体験については，小学校教師は，被教育体験期に出会ったすばらしい教師との関わりや，インターンシップなどで子どもと直接接したことという交流経験と，大学での授業や自主学修という学修経験が役立ったと回答した者が多かった。また，中学校教師についても類似する傾向が確認された。
小・中学校教師において教育実践や教育観に影響を及ぼした出来事は，子どもや同僚との交流，研究活動，それに学校外での人々との出会いであった。一方，自分にとって身近な人の病気や死などの私的出来事をあげた者は少なかった。
教育実践の質を高めるうえで意義あることについては，小・中学校教師ともに，学校内の同僚や子どもとの交流，読書，所属校での研修・研究，大学や研究センターにおける研修を意義あるものと考えている者が多かった。
同僚関係については，小・中学校教師ともに，子ども，教育，教育実践について同僚と積極的に話し合いをしており，また，学校運営に熱心に関与していた。だが，お互いに授業を見合うという実際の授業を通じての交流は盛んではなかった。
教職生活意識については，小・中学校教師ともに，毎日が忙しいと思っているものの，教職に就いたことに満足をし，やりがいを感じ，社会的貢献をしていると考えている者が多かった。departmental bulletin pape
Survey on Recognition of Tools Used in Elementary School Arts and Crafts： Comparison with the Perception of Elementary School New Teachers
Get PDFAA12321947本研究は，2か年にわたる児童・学生・教員に対しての調査と初任教員を対象とした調査を基に，適切な用具の認識を得るにはどの時期にどんな経験をすることが必要なのか明らかにしようとした。図画工作科の学習において，表現するためには必要となる用具であるが，適切に使えなければ表現に活かすことはできない。児童から学生，初任教員，図画工作科の担当教員と年代を追って調査することで，用具の認識の変化を明らかにした。調査の結果，次のようなことが明らかとなった。①児童の時に身に付いた用具の認識は，名称や使用経験のどちらも学生になるまでほとんど変わることがない。②図画工作科を担当する教員は，とても高い用具の認識を身に付けている。③教員として働き始めると，学生の頃より名称については正答できるようになる。この結果から，用具に認識を高めるための方略を提案するとともに，身に付ける時期について示した。This study is based on a two-year survey of children, students, and teachers, and a survey of novice teachers, to elucidate what kind of experience is required at what time to gain recognition of appropriate equipment. Recognition of equipment is a necessary tool for expression in the study of drawing and crafts, but it cannot be used unless it is used properly. By conducting a chronological survey of children, students, novice teachers, and teachers in charge of the arts and crafts department, we clarified changes in the perception of tools. As a result of the investigation, the following became clear: (1) The recognition of the equipment that was acquired as a child does not change until the student becomes a student, neither in the name nor in the experience of using it. (2) The teacher in charge of the arts and crafts department has a very high awareness of tools. (3) When you start working as a teacher, you will be able to identify the correct name from the time you were a student. From these findings, we proposed a strategy to raise the awareness of equipment and also determined when to apply it.departmental bulletin pape
Evaluation of physical functions of "Fitness Exercises for the Older Adult" participants
Get PDF40022531572Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the physical functions of the older adult participants in “Fitness Exercises for the Older Adults”. Participants: Forty-four older adult participants in the “Fitness Exercises for the Older Adults”, for over a year and all were living independently. Methods: The physical functions were evaluated by the following measurements: grip strength, 30-second chair standing test (CS-30), standing on one leg with eyes open, long sitting forward bending, and 5-m maximum walking. The data were analyzed by age, individual, and years of participation.
Results: The analysis by age showed that the measurements of the CS-30 in 65-69 age group were slightly below the standard, but all other items were above standard. The analysis by individual showed that 18 of the 44 (40.9%) had some decline in physical functions, and by the length of participation showed that the longer the participation, the better the functions in grip strength and standing on one leg with eyes open, without significant differences. Discussion:Participants were judged to have physical functions commensurate with their age. However, some older adults living in their community without requiring long-term care show decreased physical functions. It is necessary to identify potentially frail older adults at an early stage to avoid long-term care as long as possible. For the profession, it is necessary to consider support for local health promotion, such as evaluations of physical function and provision of knowledge and information, enhancement of autonomous group activities, and support to observing continuous activities.【目的】地域在住高齢者の自主グループ活動である「高齢者健康体操｣に参加している高齢者の身体機能を評価し，その介護予防効果を検討するための基礎資料を得る。【対象】「高齢者健康体操｣に1年以上継続して参加し，自立した日常生活を送っている地域在住高齢者44名とした。【方法】身体機能の評価として，握力，30秒椅子立ち上がりテスト（CS-30），開眼片足立ち，長座体前屈，5m最大歩行速度を測定し，年齢別，個別，参加継続年数別に分析した。【結果】年齢別では，CS-30の65-69歳群で標準値を少し下回った他は，すべて標準値以上を示した。個別では，44名中18名（40.9%）に何らかの身体機能の低下を認めた。参加継続年数別では，握力と開眼片足立ちで継続年数が長くなるにつれ機能が高くなる傾向を示したが，有意差はみられなかった。【考察】本研究対象は，年齢に見合った身体機能を有すると判断された。一方で，要介護認定を受けていない地域在住高齢者であっても，身体機能の低下をきたしている者が存在した。地域に潜在する虚弱高齢者を早期に発見し，要介護状態への移行をできる限り防ぐための対処が必要である。専門職として，身体機能の評価，知識や情報の提供等，高齢者が自らの健康意識をより高められるような支援や，自主グループ活動の場の充実，および継続的な活動を見守る体制づくりを，地域の健康づくり支援として検討していく必要がある。departmental bulletin pape
An Empirical Analysis of People's Sense of Security in life : Focusing on the Role of the Economic Status of the Community and Social Capital
Get PDF40022531593Insecurity in social life is increasing among people. It has been believed that such people's subjective well-being can be secured by ensuring social safety. However, recent researches have come to argue that there are different mechanisms between ensuring social safety and people's sense of security. There is a growing need for empirical research on the social factors that determine people's sense of security.
In recent years, there has been a development in research on people’s subjective well-being in life. In the study, the scores of people's subjective well-being, which is self-reported in various surveys, are estimated by using economic and social factors in order to identify policy measures that affect people’s subjective well-being in life. A series of empirical studies on happiness and life satisfaction in economics, sociology, and psychology have focused on factors such as the economic status of society, social capital, and people’s sense of control. However, there are few studies that explicitly treated people's sense of security in life as a kind of subjective well-being and analyzed it with the same approach.
In this paper, we analyze the relationship between people’s sense of security in life and social-economic factors by using the micro data collected through a questionnaire survey. This analysis focuses on the people’s sense of security in local life.Because we assumed that the people’s subjective well-being in life is nurtured by their daily lives and the community environment. The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether the sense of security in local life is defined by factors such as (1) the economic status of the community and (2) social capital, and (3) the sense of control that expresses individual psychological characteristics.
The results show that enhancing the sense of control, accumulating bridging and network-type social capital and reducing unemployment rate of the comm unities contribute to ensure people's sense of security in local life. Furthermore,raising the level of education is also found to be effective.departmental bulletin pape
Learning to Be Artistically Creative in Career Development of Traditional Performing Arts Education : A Case Study on Qin Opera
Get PDF40022531223本研究は、文化人類学の視点から、俳優のキャリア形成教育において芸術的創造性がどのように高められているか、という従来の伝統芸能教育研究では十分に注目されてこなかったテーマに注目し、関連分野の研究の発展に貢献しようとするものである。より具体的には、このテーマを検討するうえで好材料を提供してくれる、西北中国で盛んな秦腔と呼ばれる伝統演劇を主な事例として取り上げて、徒弟制や学校教育といった異なる教育形態が、俳優の芸術的創造性の開拓とどのように関連しているかを明らかにする。最後に、清水・西尾（2020）が以前提起した「学校化」の概念も応用して、他の芸能教育の事例との比較やそれぞれの長短の分析を行ったうえで、それを踏まえて今後のこの分野の研究にとっても役立つような仮説を提起できれば、と思っている。The main purpose of this research is to contribute to the literature related to studies on traditional performing arts education by taking an anthropological approach to shed light on how artistic creativity of performers is enhanced in their career development process: a topic insufficiently explored by previous studies. More specifically, by focusing on the traditional theater of Northwestern China called Qin opera as the main example, which offers abundant data to explore the topic, the research clarifies the relation between educational forms (such as apprenticeship and school education) and the development of artistic creativity. In conclusion, the research formulates a hypothesis that can provide a useful analytical framework for future research in the related field by applying the concept of ‘schoolnization’ that Shimizu and Nishio (2020) proposed before to compare to other cases of performing arts education including merits and demerits of each.departmental bulletin pape