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A novel entropy-based mapping method for determining the protein-protein interactions in viral genomes by using coevolution analysis
No full textProtein-protein interactions have a vital role in DNA transcription, immune system, and signal transmission between cells. Determining the interactions between proteins can give information about the functional structure of a cell and the functions of target organisms. Protein-protein interactions are determined by experimental approaches, yet, there is still a huge gap in specifying all possible protein interactions in an organism. Furthermore, since these approaches use cloning, labeling, and affinity mass spectrometry, the analysis process is time-consuming and expensive. However, analyzing the protein interactions with computational approaches based on coevolution theory eliminate these kinds of limitations, since in the coevolution theory model, interacting proteins show coevolutionary mutations and form similar phylogenetic trees. Current coevolution methods are based on the multiple-sequence alignment process; yet many high false positive interactions arise with these methods. Therefore, it is important to perform computational-based coevolution analysis. Protein-protein interaction using coevolution analysis has been employed in conjunction with experimental approaches to explore new protein interactions. However, in order to predict protein interactions with computational-based coevolution analysis, protein sequences need to be mapped. There are various types of protein mapping methods belonging to certain categories in the literature. These methods are frequently used in studies of predicting protein interactions. In this study, as an alternative to these methods, we proposed a novel entropy-based protein mapping method and predicted protein-protein interactions in viral genomes by using coevolution analysis. The study consists of 5 stages. In the first stage, the protein sequences of viral genomes were mapped using both the proposed numerical mapping method and state-of-arts protein mapping methods. In the second stage, Fourier transform was applied to each mapped protein sequences. In the third stage, the distance matrix was generated by finding the distances between the proteins belonging to the same virus genome. In the fourth stage, Pearson correlation values between the distances were calculated and coevolution analysis was performed. In the last stage, the proposed mapping method was compared with state-of-arts protein mapping methods and MirrorTree approach. Coevolution analysis was performed on two different virus genomes; Ebola virus and Influenza A virus. With the proposed method, a high degree of correlation has been obtained between proteins of the Ebola virus. For Ebola virus, the lowest correlation result (0.75) was obtained between the NP-VP35 protein pair. The highest correlation (0.99) was observed between the NP-VP24 and NP-VP40 protein pairs. For Influenza A, the lowest correlation (0.09) was obtained between the M1-PA(X) protein pair with the proposed method. The highest correlation value (0.98) with the proposed method was calculated between the M1-M2 protein pair. The proposed method verified the interactions between protein pairs, which have been experimentally proven, with a high degree correlation value. These results indicated that the proposed method can be effective in predicting protein interactions
Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Potential and Color Properties of Dried Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
No full textThis experiment was carried out to study the effects of drying on physical quality, color development, bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential of red peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). Dry matter, surface color values (L*, a*, b*, h*, ?E*, C*), extractable color (ASTA), non-enzymatic browning, total-carotenoids, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant potentials were measured for fresh and dried samples. Besides, the rehydration rate was determined for dried samples. The L*, a*, b* values were used to calculate hue angle (h), chroma (C*) and color differences (?E*). Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant potentials were extracted by different solvents that were water, methanol and ethanol. TPC had differences for each solvent (P 0.05). Antioxidant potentials were evaluated with DPPH free radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. DPPH free radical scavenging activity showed significant moderately strong negative correlations with TPC (r=-0.958) and TFC (r=-0.821). A decrease in color values is an expected value for dried samples and the results showed a loss for all color measurements. L*, a* and b* values decreased because red pepper color became darker may be related to the carotenoids and the formation of browning compounds. As ASTA values decreased, hue angles increased, indicating color change slightly from red to orange hues. Physical examination of the rehydrated pepper samples resulted in displaying improved rehydration rate (5.95
Ilan Pappé. (2018). İsrail Hakkında On Mit. (Çev.) S. Erdem Türközü. Ankara: Nika Yayınevi. Roger Garaudy. (2019). İsrail Mitler Ve Terör İsrail Siyasetinin Dayandığı Efsaneler. (Çev). Cemal Aydın.İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları.
No full textDergiPark: 907429klujfeasIlan Pappé ve Roger Garaudy’nin eserlerinin ortak noktasının İsrail-Filistin anlaşmazlığındaki dengesizlik olduğu açıkça görünmektedir. Her iki eser de İsrail’in birtakım haksızlıklar yaptığına dikkat çekerek, Filistin’in haksızlığa maruz kaldığını ortaya çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir. Her iki yazar da bunu farklı yöntemlerle yapmaktadır. Ilan Pappé, İsrail hakkındaki mitlerin gerçekle örtüşmediğini İsrail politikaları üzerinden analiz ederken, Roger Garaudy bu mitleri Siyonizm’in ve Yahudilik ’in saptırılması ve yanlış yorumlanması bağlamında ele almaktadır
A different view of the tube surface in Minkowski 3-space E-1(3)
No full textA basic goal of this paper is to study the tube surface with a null Cartan curve with respect to the Bishop frame in Minkowski 3-space E-1(3) and to compute some geometric features for this kind of the tube surface such as, the first and the second fundamental forms, the mean and the Gaussian curvatures. Furthermore, using the mean curvature H and the Gaussian curvature K, we investigate Omega(K, H)- surface condition of the tube surface with the null Cartan curve due to the Bishop frame in Minkowski 3-space E-1(3)
The determinants of Bitcoin's price dynamics: A time series approach
No full textYÖK Tez: 660575En ilkel çağlardan günümüze kadarki süreçte insanlar ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak adına alışveriş yapmış ve bunu yapmak için de farklı ödeme yöntemleri geliştirmiştir. Bu ödeme yöntemlerinin neredeyse tamamı merkezi otoritelerin kontrolü altındaydı. Ancak 2008 yılında yaşanan küresel krizle birlikte merkezi otoritelerin bu ödeme araçları üzerindeki rolü sorgulanmış ve bunun sonucunda da 2008 yılının kasım ayında Satoshi Nakamoto tarafından merkezi olmayan Bitcoin dijital para sistemi hayata geçirilmiştir. Çalışmamızın amacı, 28/5/2017 ve 31/5/ 2020 dönemleri arasında yer alan haftalık veriler kullanılarak Bitcoin fiyatları ile ABD Tahvili, Google Trendler, Altın, Petrol, Dolar Endeksi, Dow Jones, Ethereum, Gümüş, Hashrate, S&P 500, SSEC, VIX ve Yuan/ Dolar parametreleri arasındaki olası ilişkileri analiz etmektir. Çalışmada ayrıca FED Başkanı'nın açıklamalarının Bitcoin fiyatları üzerinde bir etkisi olup olmadığını test etmek için yeni bir değişken modele dâhil edilmiştir. Yöntem olarak ise GARCH ve ARDL modelleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmamızda Bitcoin fiyatları ile Altın, Petrol, Ethereum, Hashrate, Google Trendler, Yuan/Dolar ve Gümüş arasında pozitif ilişkilerin, ayrıca Bitcoin fiyatları ile Dolar Endeksi, VIX ve ABD Tahvilleri arasında ise negatif ilişkilerin olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca GARCH modeli için FED ve S&P 500 değişkenlerinin de Bitcoin fiyatları üzerinde etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.January, 2021In the period from the primitive ages to the present, people have made shopping to meet their needs and have developed different payment instruments to do this. Almost all of these payment instruments were under the control of central authorities. However, with the global crisis in 2008, the role of central authorities on these payment instruments was questioned, and as a result, the decentralized Bitcoin digital money system was implemented by Satoshi Nakamoto in November 2008. The aim of our study is to analyze the possible relationships between Bitcoin price and US Bond, Google Trends, Gold, Oil, Dollar Index, Dow Jones, Ethereum, Silver, Hashrate, S&P 500, SSEC, VIX and Yuan / Dollar. In the study, weekly data for the 28/5/2017 and 31/5/2020 periods are used as the analysis period. In the study, a new variable has also been included in the model to test whether the FED President's statements have an effect on Bitcoin prices. GARCH and ARDL models were used as methods in the study. In our study, it has been observed that there are positive relations between Bitcoin price and Gold, Oil, Ethereum, Hashrate, Google Trends, Yuan / Dollar and Silver, as well as negative relationships between Bitcoin price and Dollar Index, VIX and US Bonds. In addition, for the GARCH model, it was concluded that the FED and S&P 500 variables are also effective on Bitcoin price
Investigation of Tensile, Viscoelastic, and Viscoplastic Behavior of Polylactic Acid Manufactured by Fused Deposition Modeling
No full textUniaxial tensile and uniaxial loading-unloading experiments are performed to characterize the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) manufactured by fused deposition modeling (FDM). To investigate viscoelastic and viscoplastic properties of PLA manufactured with FDM, uniaxial loading-unloading tensile tests are conducted at different strain rates. In addition, the influences of layer orientation on the mechanical properties of PLA specimens manufactured by FDM are investigated. The specimens are manufactured with a vertical and horizontal orientation. The influence of strain rate on ductility is also investigated. Decreasing the strain rate leads to an increase in strain at break. This increase in ductility is interpreted as a result of the effect on secondary bonds. Viscoplastic deformation followed by fracture is seen at lower strain rate tests. As stress and stiffness increases, ductility decreases. More ductility is seen at the horizontally oriented specimens than the vertically oriented specimens. On the other hand, the influences of layer orientation on the mechanical properties of PLA specimens are also investigated. It could be said that the tensile behavior is strain rate and manufacturing orientation dependent. As expected, the higher strain rate values yield to more brittle behavior. More brittle behavior is also reported at vertically oriented specimens. To compare with FDM specimens, injection-molded specimens are produced, and more brittle behavior is observed. Uniaxial loading and unloading tensile tests are also performed for the same specimens. It is observed that elastic recovery increases with increasing strain rate. Results showed that printing orientation does not have a major effect on elastic recovery
Covid 19 Pandemisinde Sağlık Sistemi Gelişmelerinin Etkinliğinin Ölçülmesi: G-20 Üzerine Bir İnceleme
No full textDergiPark: 941041klujfeasThe quality and functionality of health services is an important indicator of public health. The impact of previous investments and developments on the health system could be seen more clearly in the Covid 19 pandemic. The Covid 19 performance of the health system developments of G-20 countries was evaluated in this study. While 5 health-related indicators from the World Bank database were input, Covid 19-related deaths, healed, and test numbers were used as outputs. They are the average values of 19 years of data for health indicators, which are input variables, between 2000 and 2018. In practice, scale efficiency scores and super efficiency values were computed using data envelopment analysis and output-oriented fixed and variable return methods. According to the scale efficiency scores, America, Argentina, Brazil, China, France, England, and Turkey were found to be effective.Toplum sağlığının en önemli göstergelerinden birisi sağlık hizmetlerinin kalitesi ve işlevselliğidir. Geçmiş dönemde yapılan yatırım ve gelişmelerin sağlık sistemindeki etkisi Covid 19 pandemisinde daha açık gözlenebilmiştir. Bu çalışmada G-20 ülkelerinin sağlık sistemi gelişmelerinin Covid 19 performansı değerlendirilmiştir. Dünya Bankası veri tabanında sağlık başlığı altında yer alan 5 gösterge girdi iken Covid 19 bağlantılı ölüm, iyileşen ve test sayıları çıktı olarak kullanılmıştır. Girdi değişkeni olan sağlık göstergeleri için 2000-2018 yılları arasındaki 19 yıllık verilerin ortalama değerleri kullanılmıştır. Uygulamada veri zarflama analizi kullanılarak çıktı yönelimli sabit ve değişken getiri yöntemleri ile ölçek etkinlik skorları ve süper etkinlik değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda ölçek etkinlik skorlarına göre Amerika, Arjantin, Brezilya, Çin, Fransa, İngiltere ve Türkiye etkin olarak bulunmuştur
General View of Pre-school Education: An Evaluation in the Context of School Administrators
No full textBu araştırmanın amacı okul yöneticilerinin görüşlerine göre okul öncesi eğitimin genel durumunu belirlemek ve okulöncesi eğitime yönelik öneriler geliştirmektir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları, 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında Edirne İlmerkezinde resmî anaokulları ile anasınıfı bulunan okullarda görevli 19 okul yöneticisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada nitelaraştırma yöntemi kullanılmış ve veriler içerik analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, okul yöneticilerininçoğunluğu, okul öncesi eğitim programı hakkında yeterli bilgileri olmadığını belirtmiştir. Programların uygulanmasında,materyal eksikliği ve fiziksel yetersizlik nedeniyle sorunlar bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca, okul öncesi eğitimde zorunlu pilotuygulamanın yetersiz olduğu ve katılımın sağlanamadığı, öğrenci aidatlarının düzenli ödenmediği, okulların bütçe sıkıntısıolduğu belirtilmiştir. Yöneticilere göre, okul öncesi eğitimde velilerin öğretmenlere sürekli müdahalesi, öğretmenlerinteneffüslerinin olmaması, ikili eğitim uygulaması, öğrenci sayısının fazla olması, personel ve mevzuat eksikliği gibi sorunlarbulunmaktadır. Yöneticilere göre, okul öncesi eğitim zorunlu olmalı, fiziksel eksiklikler giderilmeli, aileler bilinçlendirilmeli,personel desteği sağlanmalı ve eğitim giderlerini devlet karşılamalıdır. Ayrıca, okul yöneticileri, okul öncesi eğitim hakkındaeğitilmelidir.The aim of this research was to determine the general situation of pre-school education according to the opinions of school administrators and develop suggestions for pre-school education. The participants of the research consisted of 19 school administrators working in schools with public kindergartens and nursery classes in the city center of Edirne during the 2018–2019 academic year. The qualitative research method was used in the study and the data were evaluated via content analysis. According to the findings of the research, the majority of the school administrators stated that they did not have sufficient knowledge about the pre-school education program. There were problems in the implementation of the programs due to a lack of material and physical insufficiency. In addition, it was stated that compulsory pilot implementation in preschool education was insufficient and participation could not be ensured, student dues were not paid regularly, and schools had budgetary problems. According to the administrators, there were problems such as constant intervention by the parents to the teachers in pre-school education, the absence of teachers' breaks, the practice of dual education, the high number of students, and the lack of personnel and legislation. According to the administrators, pre-school education should be compulsory, physical deficiencies should be eliminated, families should be informed, staff support should be provided, and education expenses should be covered by the state. In addition, school administrators should be educated about pre-school education
Synthesis and characterization of Au and Bi2O3 decorated Fe3O4@PAMAM dendrimer nanocomposites for medical applications
No full textFe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were produced and covered with TEOS and APTES which were known to reduce the toxic properties of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were functionalized second-generation PAMAM dendrimers and doped with Au and Bi2O3 nanoparticles where Fe3O4@G2/Au/Bi2O3 nanocomposites were obtained for potential multimodal imaging applications. Physicals structures of the nanocomposites were characterized using SEM and TEM which illustrate that nanoparticles were in composite form. Chemical composition of nanostructures was confirmed using EDX and FTIR. Magnetic characteristics were checked using VSM. It was seen that nanoparticles have superparamagnetic properties which indicate that nanocomposites have potential to be used in MRI and magnetic hyperthermia applications. X-ray imaging properties were confirmed using X-ray imaging and CT imaging. It was confirmed that doping nanoparticles with Au and Bi2O3 nanoparticles significantly enhanced the X-ray tomography contrast enhancement properties which illustrate the theranostic properties of the nanocomposites.Duzce University Scientific Research Project CommissionDuzce University [2019.07.06.981]This work was supported by Duzce University Scientific Research Project Commission with project number 2019.07.06.981. We also would like to thank Mr. Gokhan AYDEGER for his valuable contributions
The relationship between types of physical disabilities and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) in the elderly
No full textBackground. The increase in the elderly population and life expectancy may lead to increased dependence and disability in performing Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Objectives. We aimed to determine the relationship between types of physical disabilities and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) score in people 65 years of age and over. Material and methods. This study was designed as a multicenter, cross-sectional survey that was conducted in Kirklareli, Turkey. The study involved 578 people who were 65 years of age or over and presented to a Family Health Center for any reason. The Lawton and Brody IADL Scale was used to assess activities of daily living (ADL) levels in these elderly participants. Results. We found that 32.9% of all participants and 46.1% of participants with a physical disability experienced a limitation in at least one ADL. After adjusting for descriptive characteristics, people with hearing impairments (AOR= 5.32, 95% CI: 2.41-11.72, p < 0.001) and orthopedic disorders (AOR= 3.65, 95% CI: 1.80-7.38, p < 0.001) were likely to be dependent on other people while performing ADLs. The likelihood of ADL dependency was lower in participants with visual impairments than it was in those without any visual impairment (AOR= 0.21, 95% CI: 0.09-0.49, p < 0.001). Conclusions. ADL limitations are more likely to occur in elderly people with disabilities. The likelihood of ADL dependency was higher in people with a hearing impairment or an orthopedic disorder. This finding should be taken into consideration in studies that aim to improve the health of the elderly