Showa University Academic Resource Repository / 昭和大学学術業績リポジトリ
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Using meta-linguistic knowledge to abstract and identify language commonalities for language learning
Get PDFLanguages share properties common among human species, and even seemingly English-specific phenomena, such as the third-person singular present-tense morpheme “s,” reveal commonalities with Japanese. Research has shown that meta-linguistic competence—the adoption of a higher perspective in observing and analyzing language—enhances proficiency in individual languages. Japanese learners of English often experience difficulties stemming from a lack of understanding of linguistic principles shared across languages rather than challenges specific to English. Meta-linguistic competence is a valuable tool in foreign-language learning. Akita et al. （2012） described how meta-linguistic competence can help abstract and identify commonalities between languages. Such an approach raises awareness among Japanese learners of English regarding their native language and directs their attention toward broader linguistic principles underlying Japanese and English. This study highlights common fundamental concepts and elements through an appropriate level of abstraction and versatility, investigating how the application of shared linguistic fundamentals can improve English language learning.departmental bulletin pape
Factors affecting sleep in gender dysphoria
Get PDFIn Japan, support systems for individuals with gender dysphoria （GD） remain underdeveloped, and access to appropriate diagnosis and treatment is limited. Furthermore, specialized clinics in this field are also scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the factors influencing sleep among individuals with GD to enhance their overall well-being. A total of 126 outpatients （69 females and 57 males, mean age＝28.0±11.7 years） who received treatment at Chiaki Clinic between April 23, 2024 and June 30, 2024, were included in the study. Data on demographics, core GD characteristics, sleep disturbances based on the Athens Insomnia Scale （AIS）, depressive symptoms checked by the Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS）, and anxiety symptoms checked by the General Anxiety Disorder-7 （GAD-7）, were extracted from medical records. The prevalence of insomnia, as determined by AIS scores, was 53.2％ among individuals with GD. Multivariate analysis revealed several factors significantly associated with insomnia （AIS≥6）, including age, employment status, hormone therapy, and specific items from the SDS and GAD-7. Insomnia in individuals with GD was associated with similar factors as seen in general psychiatric populations, such as age and employment. Hormone therapy appeared to alleviate insomnia symptoms in patients with GD. Given the string relationship between insomnia, depression, and anxiety, careful assessment and management of psychiatric symptoms are essential in this population.departmental bulletin pape
Associations between gut microbiota and coffee and caffeine consumption in patients with major depressive disorders: An observational study
Get PDFCoffee consumption has been suggested to confer protective effects against major depressive disorder （MDD）; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study examined whether coffee and caffeine intake are associated with gut microbiota composition in individuals with MDD. We analyzed the gut microbiota of 32 patients with MDD and 34 healthy controls using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Dietary intake, including caffeine and coffee consumption, was estimated using the Brief-Type Self-Administered Diet History Questionnaire. Depression severity was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale （HDRS） and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale （MADRS）. In the MDD group, three bacterial taxa at the family level and 15 at the genus level were significantly correlated with depression severity scores. Among these taxa, a significant interaction was observed between depression status and caffeine intake on the relative abundance of Coriobacteriales Incertae Sedis （F ［1,62］＝10.322, uncorrected p＝0.002）. These findings suggest that caffeine consumption may be associated with specific gut microbiota in patients with MDD.departmental bulletin pape
Postoperative tachycardia after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery under general anesthesia: The contribution of supplemented adrenaline in local anesthetics
Get PDFBimaxillary osteotomy is an invasive procedure with a serious risk of bleeding and airway complications. Lidocaine with adrenaline is preferentially used to prolong local analgesia and reduce bleeding. The local anesthetic dose for this procedure can be quite high. Sustained tachycardia, potentially caused by either the adrenaline or other factors, is sometimes observed perioperatively. The anesthesia records of patients undergoing bimaxillary osteotomy between January 2021 and December 2021 were reviewed. The records of non-osteotomy patients treated between March 2019 and March 2024 with a surgical time longer than four hours were used as a control group. Possible contributing factors, such as age, sex, and dose of administered local anesthetics, were used as objective variables in a binary logistic regression analysis. The dose of lidocaine was found to be a significant negative contributing factor for tachycardia at the end of anesthesia （odds ratio ［OR］, 0.958; 95％ confidence interval ［CI］, 0.921-0.997; p＝0.035）. Other significant factors were sex （OR, 9.674） and body weight （OR, 0.908）. The local anesthetic was thought to have contributed to pain control, rather than inducing tachycardia, due to the supplemental adrenaline, and men were more prone to developing tachycardia than women. Although we failed to clarify the etiological mechanism for tachycardia after bimaxillary osteotomy, supplemental adrenaline may not be a significant cause of tachycardia during emergence from anesthesia.departmental bulletin pape
Aging, not Parkinson's disease, decreases a recalibration of body ownership caused by vision-respiratory interaction
Get PDF昭和医科大学博士(医学)2025年度doctoral thesi
Developing Competencies in Palliative Medicine Among Pharmacists in an Acute General Hospital Without a Palliative Care Unit
Get PDF昭和医科大学博士(薬学)2025年度thesi
【内視鏡AIの最前線】 炎症性腸疾患の診断と治療におけるAIの現状
Get PDF人工知能（AI）を用いた技術が，炎症性腸疾患（IBD）の診療において重要な役割を果たすことが期待されている．AIは特に内視鏡分野に応用されており，IBDの病態把握を向上させる報告がされている．これらのAIによる内視鏡診断技術は，診断の精度向上，内視鏡画像解釈のばらつきの軽減，そして臨床医の意思決定プロセスの支援を目的としている．AIを活用することで，医療提供者はより個別化された効果的な治療を提供する可能性が高まり，最終的にはIBD診療における患者の治療結果を改善させることが期待されている．departmental bulletin pape
歯科治療恐怖症のフォンタン循環患者に全身麻酔を行った2症例
Get PDFフォンタン手術とは2心室修復できない単心室血行動態疾患に対する機能的根治術であり，フォンタン循環は上下大静脈からの還流血が直接肺動脈に流入し単心室を経由して全身に駆出される直列循環が特徴である．今回フォンタン循環患者の口腔外科手術を全身麻酔下に行った2例を経験したので報告する．1例目は9歳男児，上唇小帯切除術が予定され，2例目は17歳女性で抜歯術が予定された．2例とも背景にフォンタン循環患者であることに加え歯科恐怖症があり意識下での処置が困難であった．フォンタン循環患者では肺血管抵抗の上昇を避けることが管理上重要である．麻酔法の選択で静脈麻酔も検討したが，鎮静下での治療は呼吸抑制による高二酸化炭素血症や不十分な鎮痛や鎮静深度によって交感神経が緊張状態となり肺血管抵抗が上昇してしまう可能性もあったため，2症例とも全身麻酔を選択した．患者背景により麻酔計画を立て，麻酔によって生じる循環抑制の原因をあらかじめ予測して臨んだことで術中，術後の合併症なく行えた．departmental bulletin pape
腹腔鏡下筋腫核出術時に挿入したFD-1®が子宮筋層内に迷入し，子宮鏡と腹腔鏡の観察下に抜去した1例
Get PDF腹腔鏡下筋腫核出術（Laparoscopic myomectomy：以下LM）では，筋腫が内膜に近接している場合や，粘膜下筋腫が併存する場合には内膜穿破のリスクが高くなる．内膜穿破した場合には，子宮内避妊器具（Intrauterine device：以下IUD）の装着が内膜癒着防止に有用である．LM時に内膜穿破し，同時にFD-1®を挿入した症例で，術後3か月で筋層内へのFD-1®迷入を認めたため，子宮鏡と腹腔鏡を用いてFD-1®を抜去した．LM時の内膜穿破症例に子宮内器具を挿入する際には，子宮筋層が脆弱になっているため筋層への迷入に留意する必要がある．またIUDの子宮筋層内迷入に対しては十分な画像評価を行った上で，子宮鏡と腹腔鏡を併用することにより安全に抜去が可能と考えられた．departmental bulletin pape