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    The Importance of Community in a Fully Online Program: Establishing Equity, Inclusion, and Access with Nontraditional Students in an Early Childhood Licensure Program

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    This mixed method study examined nontraditional preservice teachers’ perception of community in an online bachelors’ program. Previous research supports the idea that nontraditional students face a variety of barriers in higher education including but not limited to feelings of comfortability and financial concerns. This study utilized the Community of Practice theory to best understand participants’ experiences. The findings suggest that most of the participants in this online program felt they received support when transitioning into the program in addition to feeling connected to others while in the program. Finally, it is important that preservice teacher programs make meaningful efforts to create a sense of community and culture within the program, disseminate information that provides support to students transitioning, and continually establish opportunities for professional development for faculty

    Possible Selves of Pre-service Elementary School Teachers in the Time of Covid-19 Pandemic: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed Method Study

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    The author of this study utilized the possible selves theory to examine pre-service elementary school teachers’ understanding of their future potential and its effects on their future orientations. Possible selves theory describes a person’s understanding of themselves in the future based on an understanding of their past and present self. The findings of this study suggest that pre-service teachers have confidence in the teaching profession (professionalism) and expect a collaborative environment (learning to teach). Additionally, they are not afraid of being an uncaring or boring teacher. However, due to the limitations of online learning, they do worry about classroom management. Continued development of pre-service teacher practicum/ observation as well as support in technology and management is necessary for the development of pre-service teacher skills. 

    Cyber Safety Efforts for Children: Are They Working? What Can We Do?

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    Cyber Safety is a serious issue. Children\u27s internet usage has increased substantially as has those who would exploit them. Statistics demonstrate the need for awareness and action. Key legislation is discussed and the heightened need to be proactive in the education arena to better instruct children on the dangers that await them. Resources for teachers and families are provided

    Michelle Brittany and Nicholas Diak’s Horror Literature from Gothic to Postmodern: Critical Essays

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    Horror Literature from Gothic to Postmodern is a collection of essays which began as conference papers from the 2017 and 2018 meetings of the Anne Radcliffe Academic Conference. The editors, Brittany Michelle and Nicholas Diak, are both creative writers and editors for McFarland who co-host the conference. The book includes essays on horror literature ranging from early British Gothic to contemporary postmodern horror. As Lisa Morton’s foreword makes clear, the book is meant to answer questions such as what horror literature’s ancestral line is and which major works of Gothic led to horror (1). This is all framed as an attempt to justify the academic study of horror. Morton ties horror to genre studies more broadly, citing Daniel Chandler’s argument that genre studies reveal cultural values when examined in their contexts—a commonplace argument in Gothic and horror studies since at least Teresa A. Goddu’s 1997 book Gothic America. It is a bit odd that this book takes such a broad focus, especially considering that horror studies is already a well-established field

    Simon Young’s The Boggart: Folklore, History, Place-names and Dialect

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    Simon Young’s The Boggart: Folklore, History, Place-names and Dialect is an immensely comprehensive examination of boggart-lore in a specific part of Northern England he calls “Boggartdom” throughout Victorian times and beyond. The author includes several maps of Boggartdom in each chapter, and most of these are visually effective and informative, such as one that shows where the authors were writing about boggarts (41), where landmarks include boggart in the name (54), what counties used boggart (58), a map locating parents who would use boggartsto scare their children into behaving (63), related boggart names (72), and one that tracks and quantifies boggart memories (180). However, there are a few instances where the figures are not clear. In Chapter Four, the author refers to the “account . . . drawn up here” (82), but there is no reference to a figure, and no figure on that page, only the opposing page. Then Figure 19 is referenced on page 83 but not shown until page 86, four figures later. Nevertheless, what stands out throughout the book is how extremely thorough Young is in his definitions and his research and how he treats people who believe in the supernatural with respect

    Valerie Estelle Frankel’s The Villain\u27s Journey: Descent and Return in Science Fiction and Fantasy

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    Valerie Estelle Frankel\u27s The Villain\u27s Journey proposes that villains—especially those who are well-developed—often follow a "villain\u27s journey." As one might suspect, this path cleaves to "the hero\u27s journey" monomyth which Joseph Campbell popularized. Campbell argued that the hero\u27s journey typically proceeded through three acts comprised of as many as seventeen separate stages. Briefly, the protagonist in a "hero\u27s journey" myth chooses (or is compelled) to leave their community in Act I (Departure). The hero endures a variety of trials—which are often directed (or at least facilitated) by divine agents and supernatural events—that lead the hero to develop wisdom and refine their capabilities in Act II (Initiation). Finally, the hero more or less reluctantly returns to their home community in order to integrate their wisdom into their society in Act III (Return)

    Investigating the Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 by Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3

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    Herpes simplex virus, type 1, (HSV-1) is a common viral pathogen. The majorityof infections occur during childhood. People who exhibit symptoms fromHSV-1 infection can experience genital/oral ulcers (cold sores), latency insensory neurons, and necrotizing encephalitis, and once HSV has infected thehost organism, the individual may be infected for life. This study investigatedinhibition of the herpes simplex viruses, type 1 by Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 (Rg3),since this ginsenoside has been reported to inhibit HSV. Mice were dosedwith specific amounts of Rg3 and infected with HSV-1. Tissues including brain,spleen, liver, and serum were collected and analyzed for the presence of HSV-1by the polymerase chain reaction. Although Rg3 treatment appeared to besuccessful in vitro, it was not successful in inhibiting the virus in the livingmice

    “Everybody you tell will be haunted too”: Examining the Melding of Gothic and Modernist Literature in Mildred Haun’s The Hawk’s Done Gone

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    This essay examines how Mildred Haun uses Appalachian themes and settingsto bridge the melding of Gothic and Modernist fiction through her short storycollection, The Hawk’s Done Gone. By examining this melding of two polargenres, I seek to bring attention to an underappreciated author’s work andfurther expand the canon of Taryn Norman’s concept of “Gothic Modernism”into the rural literature space and beyond. I use cross-references to aid myliterary analysis of several stories in Haun’s collection to showcase her usage ofGothic Modernism.The Hawk’s Done Gone is a collection of stories that merges superstition,folklore, and modern realism with dark themes of witchcraft, infanticide,and incest to create a series of darkly-themed snapshots of Appalachian liferanging from the Civil War era to the 1940s. Despite the haunting threadsconnecting these stories, Haun deftly injects Appalachian songs, dialect,and culture into her writing to lend an Appalachian spin on the expectedconventions of Modernism’s cityscapes or Gothic literature’s rural, wealthyplantations. Haun’s skillful blending creates a new, liminal space of terror,where readers feel tension from the characters, situations, and landscapes. Inthis essay, I show how this text combines its Modernist timeliness, using EzraPound’s idea of “make it new,” while also bringing in classic Gothic literaturetropes (fearful weather, blood curses, and prophecy) to deepen the text’scomplexity and showcase Modernist concerns, fears, and horrors

    IJWC Updates

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    Thank you for your continued support of the International Journal of the Whole Child and ourcommitment to holistic learning and to the development of the whole child. We are excited toannounce coming in the fall, a new IJWC column titled “Education: Words and Meanings” willprovide readers with clarification associated with terms and words used in educational practiceand writing. Frequently, words may be used interchangeably when, in fact, the meanings aredissimilar. In other instances, terms may not be as familiar with readers and require furtherdescription in order to enhance understanding. Finally, this new column supports readers withadditional references to extend their knowledge regarding concepts, practices, and theories.Words and terms represent meaning. It is important we, as educators, use the educationallanguage with accuracy, intentionality, and as well with an understanding of a term’s origin.The submission deadline for the Fall 2023 issue is September 30th and the Spring 2024submission deadline is February 28th. The Fall 2023 will be published in December 2023 and theSpring 2024 issue will be published in May 2024. Thank you again for your continued support.We look forward to seeing you in Fall 2023

    FOUR COMPARATIVE STEADY-STATE EXERCISES USING THE DIAMOND-MORTENSEN-PISSARIDES MODEL: EMPIRICAL- AND POLICY-DRIVEN APPLICATIONS FOR FIRST-YEAR GRADUATE STUDENTS IN MACROECONOMICS

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    The Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides (DMP) model of two-sided labor market search is now a common topic in first-year graduate courses in macroeconomics. Following Pissarides (2011), Alogoskoufis (2019) derives a two-equation in two unknowns solution to the DMP model that is useful for teaching this topic. I discuss four comparative steady-state exercises that he does not consider: (i) a direct change in the posting price of a vacancy; (ii) a change in labor-market matching efficiency; (iii) financing unemployment benefits that are proportional to the real wage with a labor income tax; and (iv) the addition of a minimum wage. The first two exercises are empirically motivated, and the second two exercises are policy motivated

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