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The Rural in Their Visions: Pastoral and Technological Imaginaries of the Late Ottoman Urbanites
No full textThis article delves into the relatively rare field of late Ottoman rural imaginaries, focusing on rural studies discourse before the emergence of peasantry ideologies during the early Turkish Republican period. Through an analysis of publications, particularly Servet-i Fünûn (1891–1944), one of the longest-running illustrated journals, the study explores how rural spaces were imagined and mediated through both textual and visual forms. Through a close examination of texts and visuals, the study uncovers and conceptualises two entangled yet distinct rural imaginaries — pastoral and technological — interwoven in late Ottoman intellectual discourses. By reading Servet-i Fünûn as a site of spatial production, the article bridges architectural history and media studies, showing how publications served as discursive spaces where ideas of rural modernity were articulated. It traces how idyllic landscapes and escapist narratives coexisted with the emergence of scientific ruralism, mechanised agriculture, and model village planning, particularly in the wake of mass displacement in the late empire. These representations laid conceptual groundwork for Republican-era architectural interventions while remaining marked by a persistent urbanite gaze. The article argues that the rural was a dynamic site of projection and transformation, offering a critical rethinking of how architectural modernity emerged from late Ottoman media, ideology, and aspiration. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Glaring and Out Loud! Thinking Women’s Cinema in Turkey Through Agency and Companionship
No full textRecognizing the 2010s as a decade that marks a shift in the audiovisual landscape in Turkey in terms of increased visibility of women and diversity of gender roles on screen, but most importantly as a decade of women filmmakers’ rising voices, in this article, we aim to bring forward the significant strands and tendencies that define this period via a discussion of the representations of women marking a break and a difference from the past examples, and an evaluation of women filmmakers’ ever growing involvement in the film industry and their solidarity networks. The data in this article was gathered within the work packages of a 26-month research project and it includes the insights, analyses and results drawn from quantitative and qualitative methods. In the following pages, we aim to reveal the diversified output of women filmmakers of the 2010s and to establish the extended boundaries of their filmmaking without setting hierarchies between mainstream, art-house, short, animation or documentary films. Marking this period as unique and ample in the history of cinema in Turkey, we aim to emphasize its novelties. We then turn to the statistical results of our research project and cross-read them with our interview data with an affirmative ethical approach. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TUBITAKEmerging Sources Citation Inde
Saf Garanti Taahhütleri
No full textBu çalışmanın amacı, kendine özgü sözleşmeler olan garanti sözleşmeleri içerisinde önemli bir yer tutan 'saf garanti taahhüdü' kavramını ele alarak bu taahhüdün tanımını, unsurlarını, hukuki niteliğini ve uygulamadaki görünüm biçimlerini incelemektir. Bununla birlikte saf garanti taahhüdü, benzer hukuki müesseselerle karşılaştırılarak ayrım ölçütleri ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca saf garanti taahhütleri, kısmen veya tamamen kanunda düzenlenmiş sözleşme tiplerinde bulunmayan unsurlardan meydana geldiği için uygulanacak hükümler veya taahhüdün tarafları açısından ortaya çıkabilecek hukuki sonuçlar üzerinde durulmuştur. Uyuşmazlık durumunda taahhüde uygulanacak hükümlerin belirlenmesinin önemine vurgu yapılmıştır. Buna ek olarak çalışma, uygulamada karşılaşılan çeşitli hukuki problemler üzerinde durarak bu problemlerin doktrindeki görüşler ışığında incelemesini sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma hem teorik hem de pratik açıdan saf garanti taahhüdünün anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmaktadır.The aim of this study is to consider the concept of 'pure warranty commitment', which has an important place among warranty contracts, which are unique contracts, and to examine the definition, elements, legal nature and appearance of this commitment in practice. In addition, the distinction criteria have been discussed by comparing the pure guarantee commitment with similar legal institutions. In addition, since pure warranty commitments consist of elements that are partially or completely not included in contract types regulated by law, the provisions to be applied or the legal consequences that may arise for the parties of the commitment are emphasized. The importance of determining the provisions to be applied to the commitment in case of dispute was emphasized. In addition, it focuses on various legal problems encountered in practice and examines these problems in the light of the views in doctrine. This study contributes to the understanding of pure guarantee commitment from both theoretical and practical perspectives
Acoustic Assessment of Four Music Rehearsal Rooms in Accordance With ISO23591 Standard
No full textOptimizing rehearsal room acoustics is crucial for musicians to perceive sound, pitch, and frequency variations. Since the introduction of the international standard ISO 23591 Acoustic quality criteria for music rehearsal rooms and spaces, research in the field of music rehearsal rooms has significantly intensified. However, relatively few have adopted an approach that integrates both objective measurements and subjective user evaluations, particularly in rehearsal rooms for quiet-category instruments. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and improve the acoustical conditions of four Turkish rehearsal rooms for quiet-category instruments using measurements, simulations, and musician surveys. A survey conducted in the first phase revealed that musicians rated the efficiency, satisfaction, and frequency balance of four rehearsal rooms as bad to fair. Efficiency of rehearsals showed a strong correlation with frequency balance (R2 = 0.72 for low-to-mid; R2 = 0.76 for high-to-mid). Strong correlations (R2 = 0.93) were found between calculated and perceived low-to-mid frequency balance, while high-to-mid frequency balance showed weaker correlations (R2 = 0.36), suggesting possible sensitivity to low-frequency issues; though this did not consistently align with user satisfaction, indicating that additional perceptual factors play a role. Acoustic measurements show that existing reverberation time (RTmid) values for all rooms fall outside recommended limits. The measured rehearsal rooms were modeled, calibrated, and 36 acoustic models were developed with three alternative designs to improve acoustics within recommended limits. Then musicians from these rooms assessed 36 acoustic models through listening tests based on auralizations. Listening tests showed a preference for models with RTmid values within the recommended range, aligning subjective and objective assessments. After the RTmid value, effect of low-to-mid frequency balance was important in the choice of rooms for musicians.Science Citation Index Expande
Commentary: Shifting Standards? The ECtHR’s Evolving Approach to Minority Rights
No full textThis commentary critically examines the European Court of Human Rights' (ECtHR) approach to minority rights within the broader human rights framework. The analysis assesses how the Court's reasoning has reinforced or, recently, deviated from established principles. Through a doctrinal and critical analysis of key judgments, the commentary identifies trends in the Court's reliance on pluralism, non-discrimination, and democratic participation as guiding principles. While earlier rulings underscored the necessity of protecting cultural, linguistic, and religious identities, recent decisions - particularly regarding Russian-speaking minorities in Latvia - signal a shift, raising concerns on judicial reasoning. The findings highlight inconsistencies in the Court's application of international minority rights instruments and question the broader implications for legal certainty in minority rights protection.Emerging Sources Citation Inde
Meta Tiyatro ve Multimedya İlişkisi: Çağdaş Performanslarda Canlı Kamera Kullanımı
No full textBu tez, meta tiyatro ile multimedya arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Meta tiyatro, tiyatronun kendi yapısal özelliklerini sorgulayan ve seyirciyi aktif bir izleyiciye dönüştüren bir form olarak ele alınır. Tezde, M, a reflection, KAMP ve La Reprise gibi çağdaş eserler üzerinden meta tiyatronun nasıl şekillendiği, multimedya ve canlı kamera kullanımıyla nasıl derinleştiği tartışılmaktadır. Multimedya araçları, özellikle video projeksiyonları ve canlı kameralar, seyircinin kendi bakışıyla sahnede karşılaştığı ve böylece teatral temsili sorgulayan bir etki yaratır. Bu çalışma, meta tiyatronun estetik ve dramatik işlevini, görsel teknolojilerin katkısıyla nasıl güçlendiğini ortaya koymaktadır.This thesis examines the relationship between meta-theater and multimedia. Meta-theater is explored as a form that questions the structural characteristics of theater and transforms the audience into an active viewer. Through an analysis of contemporary works such as M, a reflection, KAMP, and La Reprise, the thesis discusses how meta-theater is shaped and deepened through the use of multimedia. Multimedia tools, particularly video projections and live cameras, create an effect that encourages the audience to confront the representation on stage with a double perspective, questioning the constructed nature of the performance. This study highlights how meta-theater's aesthetic and dramatic functions are strengthened through the contribution of visual technologies
Enhanced Design of a Hand Exoskeleton: Balancing Force Transmission and Actuation with Evolutionary Algorithms
No full textExoskeletons can boost human strength and provide assistance to individuals with physical disabilities. However, ensuring safety and optimal performance in their design poses substantial challenges. This study addresses significant challenges of ensuring safety and maximizing performance in the design process for an underactuated hand exoskeleton intended for physical rehabilitation. We first implemented a single objective optimization problem by maximizing force transmission from the actuator to the finger joints, then expanded into multi-objective optimization by also minimizing the variance of torques rendered on the finger joints and the actuator displacement needed. The optimization relies on a Genetic Algorithm, the Big Bang-Big Crunch Algorithm, and their versions for multi-objective optimization. Our simulation results and statistical analyses revealed that using Big Bang-Big Crunch provides high and more consistent results in terms of optimality with lower convergence time. In addition, adding more objectives offers a variety of trade-off solutions to the designers, who might later set priorities for the objectives without repeating the process - at the cost of complicating the optimization algorithm and computational burden. These findings underline the critical importance of performing proper optimization techniques while designing exoskeletons, as well as providing a significant improvement to this specific robotic design that could provide more effective rehabilitation therapies and augmented human-robot interactions.Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastimath;rma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [123M690, 121C145, 121C147]This work was supported in part by Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastırma Kurumu (TUBITAK) under Project 123M690, Project 121C145, and Project 121C147.Science Citation Index Expande
Legal Design for Informed Sharenting and Consent of the Child on Social Networking Sites
No full textChildren are increasingly active in social life through social networking sites and parents have begun sharing more posts including their children's pictures and other personal data. As a result, children's privacy becomes even more susceptible to the infringement of values within the bounds of right to privacy. The term "sharenting"refers to parents and other relatives sharing personal data of the child. Sharenting may cause significant risks that may affect the child all throughout their life such as "digital kidnapping" and potential future bullying among peers. When parents share posts on social networking sites, they essentially provide consent on behalf of the child. Valid consent from the parents and/or child is an important aspect in the infringement of personality rights. In all instances, the children's best interests should be taken into consideration. To raise awareness about protecting children and to ensure that consent is valid, legal design should be implemented in creating information texts. In this study, a system proposal has been developed for posting children's photos on social media, which involves asking questions and displaying warning messages when children's photos are shared. Within this framework, legal design is utilised in order to form clear and more comprehensible texts for users on social media platforms.Emerging Sources Citation Inde
Salgınlar Neden Dalgalar Halinde İlerler?
No full text“İspanyol Gribi” salgınının, 1918-1919 yılları arasında, 18 ay süre içinde, üç dalga şeklinde ilerlediği bilinmektedir. Benzer şekilde COVID-19 pandemisi de 2019-2021 yılları arasında dalgalar halinde yayılım karakteri göstermiş olup, bu salgın için virüs varyantlarına dair veriler detaylı bir şekilde belgelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, bu iki pandemiye ait veriler ışığında, birden fazla salgın dalgasının ortaya çıkmasına neden olan faktörler, Korunmasız (S)- Enfekte (I)-Bulaşıcı Olmayan (R), (SIR) salgın modeli temel alınarak incelenmiştir. Bu faktörler arasında; mevsimsel değişiklikler, kontrol önlemlerinin gevşetilmesi ve yeni varyantlar öne çıkmaktadır. Yeni bir varyantın ortaya çıkması yeni bir salgın olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. Bir salgın dalgasının sona ermesiyle, kısıtlayıcı tedbirlerin gevşetilmesi, önceden korunan bireylerin yeniden Korunmasız (S) grubuna dahil olmasına neden olabilmektedir. Kısıtlamaların kaldırılması ayrıca, toplum içerisindeki etkileşimlerin artmasına ve virüsün bulaşma oranını ifade eden temel üreme sayısının (0) yükselmesine etki edebilmektedir. SIR modeli kullanılarak bu çalışma kapsamında yapılan simülasyonlar sonucunda, yayılma davranışını belirleyen etmenler içerisinde yeni bir varyantın ortaya çıkışının baskın faktör olduğu değerlendirilmiştir