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Identifying Information Types in the Estimation of Informed Trading: an Improved Algorithm
No full textThe growing frequency of news arrivals, partly fueled by the proliferation of data sources, has made the assumptions of the classical probability of informed trading (PIN) model outdated. In particular, the model’s assumption of a single type of information event no longer reflects the complexity of modern financial markets, making the accurate detection of information types (layers) crucial for estimating the probability of informed trading. We propose a layer detection algorithm to accurately find the number of distinct information types within a dataset. It identifies the number of information layers by clustering order imbalances and examining their homogeneity using properly constructed confidence intervals for the Skellam distribution. We show that our algorithm manages to find the number of information layers with very high accuracy both when uninformed buyer and seller intensities are equal and when they differ from each other (i.e., between 86% and 95% accuracy rates). We work with more than 500,000 simulations of quarterly datasets with various characteristics and make a large set of robustness checks. © 2024 by the authors
The Process Leading To the Modern Punishment System and the Effects of the Social Defence Movement
No full textBu tezin amacı, ceza hukukunun hayatımızda yer edindiği süreçte, meşruiyetini ve uygulama esaslarını değerlendirerek günümüz Modern Cezalandırma döneminde işlevselliğini tartışmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda üç bölümden oluşan tezimin ilk bölümünde ceza hukukunun amaçları doğrultusunda kabul edildiği tarihsel dönemin bakış açısı ve ideal bir hukuk düzeninin yaratılmasına kaynaklık eden düşünceleri açıklarken, temel ilkeler de ayrıca incelenmiştir. İkinci olarak ise İlkel Dönemden Aydınlanma Dönemi'ne kadar ceza hukukunun ve cezalandırmaya bakışının geliştiği süreçte ceza okulları ve düşüncelerinin katkıları ile tartışmaları incelenerek Toplumsal Savunma Akımının oluştuğu sürece gelen yolun belirlenmesi açısından öncülük eden adımlar değerlendirilmiştir. Üçüncü ve son bölümde ise, Toplumsal Savunma Akımı düşüncesi oluşumu, başlıca düşünürleri ve amaçlarının gelişim evreleri ele alınmış, günümüz cezalandırma yöntemlerine yönelik bakışı ile insan haklarına uygunluğu ölçüsünde katkı sağladığı yönler açığa çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır.This thesis aims to discuss the functionality of criminal law by evaluating its legitimacy and application principles in the age of Modern Punishment as it takes place in our lives. In line with this purpose, the first chapter of my thesis, which consists of three parts, explains the perspective of the historical period in which criminal law is accepted according to its principles and the ideas that contribute to the creation of an ideal legal order, while also examining the main principles. Secondly, by examining the contributions and discussions of schools of criminology and their ideas in the process of development of criminal law and its view of punishment from the Primitive Period to the Enlightenment Period, the pioneering steps in determining the path to the formation of the Social Defense Movement are evaluated. In the third and last chapter, the formation of the Social Defense Movement thought, its principal thinkers and the development stages of its aims are discussed, while its perspective on today's punishment methods and its contributions to the extent of its compliance with human rights are aimed to be exposed
From De-Securitization To Re-Securitization of Turkish Foreign Policy Since 2015
No full textBu tez Türk Dış Politikası'nı üç farklı zaman kategorizasyonu içerisinde incelemektedir. Böylelikle, Türk Dış Politikası'nın aynı iktidar partisi hükümetlerinde neden farklılaşan özelliklere ve eğilimlere sahip olduğunun irdelenmesi için dönemselleştirme yapılmaktadır. Birbirinden farklı karakteristiklere sahip olan bu dönemlerde yaşanan önemli gelişmelerin vakalar olarak ele alındığı bu tezde, Neoklasik Realizm'in teorik çerçevesi ve Carl Schmitt'in siyaset felsefesi bütünleştirilmektedir. Teorik olarak bu yaklaşımın iç içe geçirilmesi vasıtasıyla farklı periyotlar içerisinde Türk Dış Politikası'nın yaşadığı dönüşüm ve iç politikadaki dinamikler analitik bir düzlemde entegre edilmektedir. Üç farklı dönemselleştirme olan güvenliksizleşme, dönüşüm ve yeniden güvenlikleşme dönemleri önce kendi iç dinamikleri açısından anlamlandırılarak bir bütün olarak nedensel bir bağlama oturtulmaktadır. Bu yapılırken de Türk Dış Politikası çalışmalarının diğerlerinden farklı olarak teorik düzlemde uluslararası ilişkiler teorisi ve siyaset felsefesi alanlarının açıklama gücünden yararlanılmaktadır. Böylelikle, Türk Dış Politikası'ndaki dönemsel değişimin temelinde iç politikadaki dönüşüm ve değişimlerin etkisiyle küresel sistemdeki dönüşüm ve değişimin etkisi analitik bir çerçevede birleştirilmektedir. Özellikle, iç politikada yaşanılan yapısal dönüşüm ve dış politikada yeniden güvenlikleşme dönemi arasında kurulan nedensellik ilişkisi vasıtasıyla iç politikada yaşanan aktörel değişimler dış politikanın oluşmasını da şekillendirmiştir. Bu tez, Neoklasik Realizmin teorik çerçevesi sayesinde iç politikadaki dönüşümün dış politika yapımındaki etkisini ortaya koyarken, Carl Schmitt'in politik felsefesi yardımıyla da iç politikadaki dönüşümün dış politikanın yeniden güvenlikleşme sürecine olan etkisini açığa çıkarmaktadır. Böylelikle, teori ve yaklaşım birbirine entegre edilerek tezin vakaları ve dönüşümü açıklamada farklı bir çerçeve çizmesi hedeflenmektedir.This dissertation analyses Turkish Foreign Policy within three different time categorizations. Thus, periodization examines why Turkish Foreign Policy has different characteristics and tendencies under the same party governments. This dissertation integrates the theoretical framework of Neoclassical Realism and Carl Schmitt's political philosophy. Through the theoretical interweaving of these approaches, the transformation of Turkish Foreign Policy in different periods and the dynamics in domestic politics are analytically integrated. The three different periodizations, namely, the periods of de securitization, transition, and re-securitization, first made sense regarding their internal dynamics and then placed in a causal context as a whole. In doing so, unlike other studies on Turkish Foreign Policy, the explanatory power of international relations theory and political philosophy is utilized at the theoretical level. Thus, the impact of the transformation and changes in domestic politics and the effect of the transformation and changes in the global system based on the periodic change in Turkish Foreign Policy are combined in an analytical framework. In particular, through the causal relationship established between the structural transformation in domestic politics and the re securitization period in foreign policy, the actor changes in domestic politics have also shaped foreign policy formation. While, through the theoretical framework of Neoclassical Realism, this thesis reveals the impact of the transformation in domestic politics on foreign policy making, the political philosophy of Carl Schmitt shows the effect of the transformation in domestic politics on the process of re-securitization of foreign policy. Thus, by integrating theory and approach, the thesis aims to draw a different framework for explaining the cases and transformation
A New Service Composition Method in the Cloud-Based Internet of Things Environment Using a Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm and Mapreduce Framework
No full textAl-Khafaji, Hamza Mohammed Ridha/0000-0003-3620-581X; Heidari, Arash/0000-0003-4279-8551Cloud computing is quickly becoming a common commercial model for software delivery and services, enabling companies to save maintenance, infrastructure, and labor expenses. Also, Internet of Things (IoT) apps are designed to ease developers' and users' access to networks of smart services, devices, and data. Although cloud services give nearly infinite resources, their reach is constrained. Designing coherent and organized apps is made possible by integrating the cloud and IoT. Expanding facilities by combining services is a critical component of this technology. Various services may be presented in this environment based on the user's demands. Considering their Quality of Service (QoS) attributes, discovering the appropriate available atomic services to construct the needed composite service with their collaboration in an orchestration model is an NP-hard issue. This article suggests a service composition method using Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) and MapReduce framework to compose services with optimized QoS. The simulation outcomes illustrate cost, availability, response time, and energy-saving improvements through the suggested approach. Comparing the suggested technique to three baseline algorithms, the average gain is a 40% improvement in energy savings, a 14% decrease in response time, an 11% increase in availability, and a 24% drop in cost. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Emotions and norms in the Syrian refugee crisis: the comparative responses of the EU and Turkey
No full textErmihan, Erman/0000-0002-2152-3295This paper delves into the evolving research area of emotions and norms within international relations, focusing on the EU-Turkey dynamics amid the Syrian refugee crisis. Utilizing Emotion Discourse Analysis (EDA), it examines discourses from key EU and Turkish leaders between 2011 and 2023 to understand how their emotional responses to Syrian refugees influence the universal norm of human rights. Since the specific interconnection between leadership emotions and human rights norms remains largely unexplored, this study seeks to fill this gap by examining how emotions expressed by leadership in Turkey and the EU variously challenge, protect, or construct human rights norms related to Syrian refugees. Preliminary findings reveal contrasting emotional expressions: while President Erdo & gbreve;an's discourse often aligns with the protection and construction of human rights norms, EU leaders' emotions reflect a tension between human rights commitments and border security priorities
Co-Insurance and Rights of Subrogation Post-Gard Marine and Energy V China National Chartering Company Ltd
No full textBook Citation Index – Social Sciences & Humanitie
The Obligations and Liabilities of the Parties in the Comprehensive Architectural Contracts
No full textİnşaat faaliyetlerinin vazgeçilmez ve hatta zorunlu unsuru olarak karşımıza çıkan mimarın taraf olduğu tam mimarlık sözleşmeleri, bu tez çalışmanın temel konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Tam mimarlık sözleşmelerinde mimar, iş sahibinin meydana getirilmesini istediği yapının mimari projelerini hazırlar, inşaat ruhsatının alınması için gerekli başvuru dosyasını hazırlayarak ilgili idari birimlere başvurur ve akabinde inşaat faaliyetinin projelere ve mesleki teknik standartlara uygun yürütülmesi için kontrollük edimlerini borçlanırken; iş sahibi bir bedel ödeme borcu altına girer. Çalışmamızda, bilhassa iş sahibinin istek ve amaçlarıyla çeşitli şekillerde karşımıza çıkan tam mimarlık sözleşmelerinin önce tarafları, unsurları ve hukuki niteliği incelenmiş; daha sonra alt başlıklar altında tarafların borçlarının neler olduğu detaylı olarak açıklanmıştır. Akabinde; söz konusu borçların ihlali halinde tarafların sorumluluklarının neler olduğu ve hukuki uyuşmazlıkların çözümünde uygulanması gereken mevzuat hükümleri ile buna ilişkin öğreti ve yargı kararlarındaki yaklaşımlar farklı perspektiflerle ortaya konulmuştur.The primary subject of this thesis is comprehensive architectural contracts, in which the architect is a central and even indispensable party within construction activities. In such contracts, the architect prepares the architectural designs of the building that the client wishes to have constructed, compiles the necessary application dossier for obtaining a construction permit, and submits it to the relevant administrative authorities. Subsequently, the architect assumes the duty of supervision to ensure that the construction activities are carried out in accordance with the designs and professional technical standards, while the client undertakes the obligation to pay a fee. This thesis first examines the parties to comprehensive architectural contracts, which manifest in various forms depending on the client's needs and objectives, as well as the establishment, components, and legal nature. It then details the obligations of each party under specific subheadings. Finally, the thesis addresses the parties' liabilities in cases of breach of these obligations and explores the legal provisions to be applied in the resolution of related disputes, alongside relevant doctrinal approaches and judicial decisions from multiple perspectives
The Deep Learning Applications in Iot-Based Bio- and Medical Informatics: a Systematic Literature Review
No full textHeidari, Arash/0000-0003-4279-8551Nowadays, machine learning (ML) has attained a high level of achievement in many contexts. Considering the significance of ML in medical and bioinformatics owing to its accuracy, many investigators discussed multiple solutions for developing the function of medical and bioinformatics challenges using deep learning (DL) techniques. The importance of DL in Internet of Things (IoT)-based bio- and medical informatics lies in its ability to analyze and interpret large amounts of complex and diverse data in real time, providing insights that can improve healthcare outcomes and increase efficiency in the healthcare industry. Several applications of DL in IoT-based bio- and medical informatics include diagnosis, treatment recommendation, clinical decision support, image analysis, wearable monitoring, and drug discovery. The review aims to comprehensively evaluate and synthesize the existing body of the literature on applying deep learning in the intersection of the IoT with bio- and medical informatics. In this paper, we categorized the most cutting-edge DL solutions for medical and bioinformatics issues into five categories based on the DL technique utilized: convolutional neural network, recurrent neural network, generative adversarial network, multilayer perception, and hybrid methods. A systematic literature review was applied to study each one in terms of effective properties, like the main idea, benefits, drawbacks, methods, simulation environment, and datasets. After that, cutting-edge research on DL approaches and applications for bioinformatics concerns was emphasized. In addition, several challenges that contributed to DL implementation for medical and bioinformatics have been addressed, which are predicted to motivate more studies to develop medical and bioinformatics research progressively. According to the findings, most articles are evaluated using features like accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F-score, latency, adaptability, and scalability.Kadir Has UniversityNo Statement Availabl
A Deep Analysis of Nature-Inspired and Meta-Heuristic Algorithms for Designing Intrusion Detection Systems in Cloud/Edge and Iot: State-Of Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions
No full textThe number of cloud-, edge-, and Internet of Things (IoT)-based applications that produce sensitive and personal data has rapidly increased in recent years. The IoT is a new model that integrates physical objects and the Internet and has become one of the principal technological evolutions of computing. Cloud computing is a paradigm for centralized computing that gathers resources in one place and makes them available to consumers via the Internet. Despite the vast array of resources that cloud computing offers, real-time mobile applications might not find it acceptable because it is typically located far from users. However, in applications where low latency and high dependability are required, edge computing-which disperses resources to the network edge-is becoming more and more popular. Though it has less processing power than traditional cloud computing, edge computing offers resources in a decentralized way that can react to customers' needs more quickly. There has been a sharp increase in attackers stealing data from these applications since the data is so sensitive. Thus, a powerful Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that can identify intruders is required. IDS are essential for the cybersecurity of the IoT, cloud, and edge architectures. Investigators have mostly embraced the use of deep learning algorithms as a means of protecting the IoT environment. However, these techniques have some issues with computational complexity, long processing times, and poor precision. Feature selection approaches can be utilized to overcome these problems. Optimization methods, including bio-inspired algorithms, are applied as feature selection approaches to enhance the classification accuracy of IDS systems. Based on the cited sources, it appears that no study has looked into these difficulties in depth. This research thoroughly analyzes the current literature on intrusion detection and using nature-inspired algorithms to safeguard IoT and cloud/edge settings. This article examines pertinent analyses and surveys on the aforementioned subjects, dangers, and outlooks. It also examines many frequently used algorithms in the development of IDSs used in IoT security. The findings demonstrate their efficiency in addressing IoT and cloud/edge ecosystem security issues. Moreover, it has been shown that the methods put out in the literature might improve IDS security and dependability in terms of precision and execution speed.Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education Science and TechnologyNo Statement Availabl
The Impact of Central Bank Responses Around Financial Crises on the Capital Structure and Cash-Holdings of Firms
No full textBu doktora tezi, finansal krizlerin ve merkez bankası politikalarının firma sermaye yapısı ve nakit varlığı üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Gelişmiş ekonomilerden ve gelişmekte olan ekonomilerden elde edilen verileri analiz eden araştırma, sistemik bankacılık, para birimi ve devlet borç krizlerinin firma finansman davranışları üzerindeki önemli etkilerini ortaya koyuyor. Ayrıca, parasal istikrar, ekonomik teşvik, finansal istikrar ve uluslararası parasal işbirliği politikaları dahil olmak üzere merkez bankası tedbirlerinin firma sermaye yapısı ve nakit tutma üzerindeki etkisini araştırıyor. Ekonometrik analizler ve farklılıklardaki farklar metodolojisi aracılığıyla bu çalışma, ekonomiler arasındaki farklı tepkileri tasvir ediyor ve merkez bankası müdahalelerinin firma finansman kararlarını etkilediği aktarım kanallarını belirliyor. Bulgu, ekonomik krizde yön bulmaya çalışan politika yapıcılar için değerli bir fikir sunuyor. Literatüre yapılan bu katkı, merkez bankası politikaları ile kurumsal finansman arasındaki etkileşimin anlaşılmasını zenginleştirmektedir.This PhD thesis examines the impact of financial crises and central bank policies on firm capital structure and cash-holdingss. Analyzing data from advanced economies, and developing economies, the research reveals significant effects of systemic banking, currency, and sovereign debt crises on firm financing behaviors. Moreover, it investigates the influence of central bank measures, including monetary stabilization, economic stimulus, financial stability, and international monetary cooperation policies, on firm capital structure and cash-holdings. Through econometric analyses and difference-in-differences methodology, the study delineates differential responses between economies and identifies transmission channels through which central bank interventions affect firm financing decisions. The finding offers a valuable insight for policymakers seeking to navigate economic downturns. This contribution to the literature enriches the understanding of the interplay between central bank policies and corporate finance