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Redistribution Trends in Turkey: Unintended Consequences Vs. Deliberate Policies
No full textWe investigate the impact of taxes, transfers, and social spending on inequality in Turkey during the first two decades of the 21st century. We employ Household Budget Surveys from 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, and 2019 to estimate market, pension as deferred income, gross, disposable, consumable, and final incomes following the framework developed by the Commitment to Equality Institute. We show that the equality-enhancing effect of total taxes and transfers became more noticeable, resulting in a larger decline in the Gini coefficient from 2003 (12 percentage points) to 2019 (17 percentage points). A large part of the higher equality-enhancing impact over time is accounted for by the unintended consequences of structural changes, past policies, and demographic trends. We focus on the forbearance of self-employment and capital income under-reporting, the endurance of past pension policies, the effect of the declining fertility rate, and explicit policy choices in the areas of health and social assistance. Compared to Latin American countries, the Turkish welfare system redistributes more, especially through the pension system, but also causes relatively higher fiscal impoverishment for low-income households due to the disproportionately high share of indirect taxes.Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu [218K247]This work was supported by Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arast & imath;rma Kurumu (218K247).Social Science Citation Inde
Design Principles That Encourage Creativity in Early Childhood Education: Focus on Bruno Munari Methodology
No full textBu tez, erken çocukluk dönemindeki bireylerin yaratıcılığının toplumsal ilerleme ve kişisel gelişim için temel olduğu bir geleceğe hazırlayan okul öncesi eğitim mekanlarını çok duyulu bir oyun alanı olarak görerek Bruno Munari metodolojisine odaklanır. Öğrenme ve gelişimin yoğun olarak gerçekleştiği, çocuğun temel alışkanlıklarının oluştuğu ve yaratıcılığın geliştiği önemli bir yaş aralığı olduğu kabul edilen 3-6 yaş arası çocukların yaratıcı düşünme ve problem çözme becerilerini besleyen, beş duyu aracılığıyla ve yaparak öğrenmeyi vurgulayarak ona uygun ortamlar ve aktiviteler yaratan Bruno Munari'nin eğitim felsefesi ve metodolojisine odaklanır. Özellikle doğa ile etkileşimin ve duyusal öğelerin zayıf olduğu okul öncesi eğitim mekanlarına Montessori ve Reggio Emilia Eğitim yaklaşımından edindiği altyapıya dayanarak iç mekân tasarım önerileri getirir. Çalışma, duyusal açıdan zengin fiziksel ortamların, esnek öğrenme alanlarının ve çocukların bilişsel ve duygusal gelişimini geliştirmek için oyunun ve sanatın entegrasyonunun önemini vurgulamaktadır. Munari'nin 'laboratori' adlı atölyeleri, sanatın ve oyunun hayal gücünü ve kendini ifade etmeyi nasıl teşvik edebileceğini göstererek duyusal ve deneyimsel öğrenme için örnek modeller olarak sunulmaktadır. Sonuç olarak tez, çocukların gelişimine katkıda bulunan bu atölyelerin ve Bruno Munari yaklaşımının iç mekan tasarımlarında nasıl uygulanabileceğini vurgular. Çalışmada, yaratıcılığı teşvik etmek için eğitim ortamlarına doku, renk, ses ve koku gibi duyusal deneyimleri destekleyen fiziksel tasarım önerileri yer almaktadır. Munari'nin beş duyuyla öğrenme ve deneyerek öğrenme ilkelerini ve çağdaş iç görülerini eğitim mekan tasarımına entegre ederek, erken çocukluktan itibaren yaratıcılığı geliştiren zenginleştirici ve destekleyici ortamlar yaratmak için bir öneri sunmaktadır.This thesis focuses on Bruno Munari's methodology by considering preschool education spaces as a multi-sensory playground, preparing for a future where the creativity of individuals in early childhood is fundamental for social progress and personal development. It focuses on the educational philosophy and methodology of Bruno Munari, who created environments and activities that nurture the creative thinking and problem-solving skills of children between the ages of 3-6, which is considered to be an important age range where learning and development take place intensively, where the child's basic habits are formed and creativity develops, emphasising learning through the five senses and learning by doing. It brings interior design proposals to pre-school education spaces, where interaction with nature and sensory elements is weak, based on the infrastructure gained from Montessori and Reggio Emilia Education approach. The study emphasises the importance of sensory-rich environments, flexible learning spaces and the integration of play and art to enhance children's cognitive and emotional development. Munari's 'laboratori' workshops are presented as exemplary models for sensory and experiential learning, showing how art and play can stimulate imagination and self-expression. As a result, the thesis emphasises how these workshops and the Bruno Munari approach can be applied in interior design, contributing to the development of children. The study includes spatial design proposals that support sensory experiences such as texture, colour, sound, and smell in educational environments to encourage creativity. By integrating Munari's principles of learning through the five senses and learning by experimentation and contemporary insights into educational space design, it offers a proposal for creating enriching and supportive environments that foster creativity from early childhood
Navigating the Digital Age: Children's Self-Regulatory Skills and Technoference in Parent–Child Interactions
No full textObjective: This study aimed to examine the pathways connecting child effortful control with technoference while considering the roles of parenting stress and mothers' problematic smartphone use, characterized by an inability to regulate compulsive smartphone use. Background: Interruptions caused by technology use, commonly referred to as technoference, have significant implications for child development and parent–child interactions. Despite previous studies indicating a link between technoference and child effortful control, the directionality of this relationship remains ambiguous. Method: A total of 199 mothers with children aged 3 to 7 years living in Türkiye participated in an online survey, providing data on the frequency of technoference in parent–child interactions, parenting stress, parental problematic smartphone use, and their children's effortful control. Results: A significant mediation model, F(6, 187) = 10.73, R2 =.26, p <.001, indicated that parents of children with lower effortful control reported heightened levels of parenting stress, subsequently resulting in increased problematic smartphone use and a greater incidence of technoference in parent–child interactions (standardized indirect effect coefficient = −.04, SE =.02, 95% bias-corrected and accelerated confidence interval [−.13, −.08]). Conclusion: Overall, increased parenting stress related to children's poorer effortful control may drive parents to seek solace in smartphone use, resulting in more interruptions in parent–child interactions. Implications: By identifying a pathway from children's effortful control skills to technoference in parent–child interactions, the study emphasizes the significance of recognizing the role of mobile devices in contemporary family life. © 2025 The Author(s). Family Relations published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of National Council on Family Relations.Social Science Citation Inde
Neural Signatures of Depression: Classifying Drug-Naive Mdd Patients With Time- and Frequency-Domain Eeg Features During Emotional Processing
No full textAccurate classification of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains a significant challenge, particularly because of the confounding effect of medications. This study bridges this gap by focusing on the classification of drug-na & iuml;ve individuals diagnosed with MDD and healthy controls (HCs) using electroencephalogram (EEG) data recorded during emotional processing tasks. This study involved 14 HCs and 14 drug-na & iuml;ve individuals diagnosed with MDD (aged 18-31, 12+ years of education, 12 F/2 M). The participants were presented with positive, neutral, and negative images collected from the International Affective Picture System. The mean power amplitudes of event-related potentials (ERP), including the P200, P300, early, middle, and late components of the late positive potential (LPP), were computed, along with band power features, and used as features for classifiers. A support vector machine model was employed for classification to evaluate the individual contributions of ERP components and band power features and explore the combined effects of ERP components and band power features within themselves. The alpha band power achieved the highest individual classification accuracy among the band power features for negative stimuli (92.86%). The late LPP component was the most discriminative ERP component for positive stimuli, yielding an accuracy rate of 89.29%. Combined analysis of the band power features exhibited high accuracy for both positive and negative stimuli (92.86% each). When the ERP components were combined, the classifier achieved the highest accuracy of 89.29% for both negative and neutral stimuli. Our findings suggest that alpha band power and LPP responses to negative and positive stimuli, respectively, can be used to detect MDD. The comparable performance of individual features to that of the combined feature sets indicates their strength as indicators of emotional processing in MDD. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of more reliable diagnostic tools and treatment monitoring strategies that focus on emotional processing in MDD.Science Citation Index Expande
Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Pbl and Sgs Treatments in Different Flow Fields Using the Wrf-Les at Perdigão
No full textThis study investigates the effectiveness of the large eddy simulation version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-LES) in reproducing the atmospheric conditions observed during a Perdig & atilde;o field experiment. When comparing the results of the WRF-LES with observations, using LES settings can accurately represent both large-scale events and the specific characteristics of atmospheric circulation at a small scale. Six sensitivity experiments are performed to evaluate the impact of different planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes, including the MYNN, YSU, and Shin and Hong (SH) PBL models, as well as large eddy simulation (LES) with Smagorinsky (SMAG), a 1.5-order turbulence kinetic energy closure (TKE) model, and nonlinear backscatter and anisotropy (NBA) subgrid-scale (SGS) stress models. Two case studies are selected to be representative of flow conditions. In the northeastern flow, the MYNN NBA simulation yields the best result at a height of 100 m with an underestimation of 3.4%, despite SH generally producing better results than PBL schemes. In the southwestern flow, the MYNN TKE simulation at station Mast 29 is the best result, with an underestimation of 1.2%. The choice of SGS models over complex terrain affects wind field features in the boundary layer more than above the boundary layer. The NBA model generally produces better results in complex terrain when compared to other SGS models. In general, the WRF-LES can model the observed flow with high-resolution topographic maps in complex terrain with different SGS models for both flow regimes.ITU Coordination Unit for Scientific Research Projects (ITU-BAP); “High Resolution Wind Filed Determination" (ITU-BAP); [MDK-2018-41233]This research was supported by the ITU Coordination Unit for Scientific Research Projects (ITU-BAP) (grant nos. MDK-2018-41233) and part of the Special Issue "Meso-Micro Model Coupling with WRF-LES and High Resolution Wind Filed Determination" (ITU-BAP).Science Citation Index Expande
Design of Secure Multi-User Coded-SSK With Index Selecting Capability
No full textWe propose a new coded space shift keying (CSSK) signaling technique for multi-user (MU), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems incorporating physical layer security (PLS). Besides its error correction ability, the designed linear code is capable of choosing transmit antenna indices automatically and selecting the best set of antenna combinations that minimizes the bit error rate (BER). Results obtained for the single-user (SU) schemes are then extended to a general single-cell downlink MU CSSK setting. A precoder design is proposed with a maximum ratio combining (MRC) technique to eliminate the multi-user interference (MUI) entirely by taking advantage of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. It is shown that the same precoding provides a very effective jamming signal for the PLS against passive eavesdroppers, degrading their signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) severely. A closed-form expression for the achievable secrecy rates is derived and it is maximized by the proposed power allocation algorithm. Finally, it is shown analytically and by computer simulations that substantially better BER performance is achieved by each user over interference-free transmission compared to an SU transmission with a maximum likelihood (ML) detector.Bilateral Scientific Cooperation Program; U.S National Science Foundation (NSF); Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) [123N122]; Turkiye; U.S NSF [ECCS-2335876]; COST [CA22168]; European COST (Cooperation in Science and Technology) projectsThis research has been supported by the Bilateral Scientific Cooperation Program with the U.S National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK), Project No: 123N122, Turkiye and, U.S NSF under Grant ECCS-2335876. It is based upon works from COST Actions CA22168 (6G-PHYSEC), supported by the European COST (Cooperation in Science and Technology) project
Bilimsel İletişimde Dönüşüm: Açık Bilim, Yüksek Etkili Yayınlar ve Yapay Zekâ
No full textBu sunum, 28 Ağustos 2025 tarihinde Kadir Has Üniversitesi’nde gerçekleştirilen ‘Bilimsel İletişimde Dönüşüm: Açık Bilim, Yüksek Etkili Yayınlar ve Yapay Zekâ’ başlıklı etkinlik kapsamında yapılmıştır
Ontological Security and Israel's Search for 'Thick' Recognition
No full textBu tez, devletlerin derin (thick) ve sınırlı (thin) tanınma ihtiyacını ve bunların dış politikadaki etkilerini vurgulamaktadır. İsrail örneği üzerinden, bu çalışma meşruiyet, aidiyet ve uluslararası sistemde 'normal bir devlet' olarak kabul edilme ihtiyacının temelde ontolojik güvenlik kaygılarından kaynaklandığını savunmaktadır. İsrail'in kendini Yahudi ve demokratik bir devlet olarak tanımlamasının yanı sıra güvenlik arayışı önemli çelişkiler yaratmaktadır. Yahudi kimliği, Yahudi halkı için bir anavatan olma ideolojik temeline hizmet ederken ülkenin benzersizliğini vurgulamaktadır. Demokratik kimliği ise evrenselci değerlerle ve kapsayıcı bir ulus-devlet olma taahhüdüyle uyumludur. Çalışma, devletlerin dünyaya bakışlarına, uluslararası sistemdeki rollerine ve davranışlarına hakim olan köklü meta-anlatılar aracılığıyla faaliyet gösterdiklerini savunmaktadır. Bu nedenle, ontolojik güvensizliklerinin üstesinden gelmek ve yaşayabilecekleri yanlış tanınma veya tanınmamanın etkilerini hafifletmek için meta-anlatıları kullanırlar. İsrail, kimliğinin tanınmasına ya da reddedilmesine bağlı olarak, dünyayı algılayışını etkileyen ve dolayısıyla dış politikasını belirleyen üç meta-anlatı -istisnacılık, getto zihniyeti ve Masada kompleksi- arasında gidip gelmekte ve bu sayede ulusal kimliğini jeopolitik gerçeklerle uzlaştırmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışma, uluslararası toplumda 'kendini evinde hissetme' ve 'komşu arama' kavramlarını İsrail dış politikasının tanınmaya yönelik kilit mekanizmaları olarak vurgulamaktadır. Bu tez, İsrail'in yakın komşuları -Arap devletleri, ikinci kademe komşuları -çevre (periphery) devletleri, uzak komşuları -Batı demokrasileri ve uluslararası kurumlar -Birleşmiş Milletler- ile ilişkileri üzerinden bir ülkenin dış politikasının hem fiziksel hem de ontolojik güvenliği sağlamak için nasıl vazgeçilmez bir olduğunu örneklendirmektedir. Bu tez, kimlik ve tanınma odaklı perspektifleri bütünleştirerek Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplinine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Ontolojik güvenliğin, tartışmalı meşruiyet bağlamında devletlerin kararlarını nasıl etkilediğine dair derin bir anlamlandırma sunmaktadır.This dissertation examines states' need for thin and thick recognition and their influence on foreign policy. Using Israel as its case study, it argues that Israel's need for legitimacy, belonging, and acceptance as a 'normal state' in the international system is primarily driven by its ontological security concerns. Israel's self-definition as a Jewish and democratic state and its quest for perpetual security generate contradictions. Its Jewish identity emphasizes its uniqueness while serving as its ideological foundation of becoming a safe haven, a homeland for world Jewry. Israel's democratic identity aligns with universalist values and serves as a commitment to becoming an inclusive state. This study argues that states already have ingrained metanarratives that affect their view of the world, their role, and their behavior in the international system, which help navigate ontological insecurities resulting from nonrecognition or misrecognition. Accordingly, Israel swings between three metanarratives; exceptionalism, ghetto mentality, and the Masada complex to reconcile its identity with geopolitical realities. This dissertation also introduces the concepts of 'feeling at home' in the international system and 'searching for neighbors' as key mechanisms of Israel's foreign policy. Through Israel's relations with its first-tier neighbors (Arab states), its second-tier neighbors (peripheral states), its far neighbors (Western democracies), and international institutions (the UN), this research illustrates how foreign policy functions as an indispensable instrument for ensuring physical and ontological security. This dissertation contributes to International Relations literature by integrating identity and recognition-driven perspectives. It offers a refined understanding of how ontological security influences states' behavior in contested legitimacy contexts
The Impact of Legislative Processes on the Success of Tort Reforms: A Case Study on the Turkish Product Liability Reform
No full textAlthough Türkiye has a significant law reform experience, the issue of product liability reform has long been troubled. Firstly, this issue was tried to be regulated within the articles included in the consumer protection legislation. Still, these efforts were highly criticized regarding law-making technique and substance. The long wait for a specific product liability legislation only ended in 2020. Law No. 7223 on Product Safety and Technical Regulations was intended to harmonize with EU legislation, particularly EU Directive 85/374/EEC. However, it is doubtful that the law has achieved this objective. In addition, it is also incompatible with modern approaches to product liability. Therefore, the Turkish product liability reform stands out as a failed tort reform. Among the reasons for this, the working system of the legislator is notable. An examination of the parliamentary documents on the drafting and enactment process of the law indicates that the law may be the outcome of functional f laws rather than a legal policy choice. In particular, the impact of the social agenda and public events on the overall progress of legislative activity is evident. This study first presents the Turkish product liability reform and explains why it has been an example of failed tort reform. Then, the relationship between this failure and the f laws in the legislative process is analysed. In conclusion, the intensity of social agendas caused tort reforms to take a back seat and directly impacted the working environment in parliament. © 2025 Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands.Emerging Sources Citation Inde
Multiplicity of Algebraic Order From Fixed Lines of Potential Surfaces: X-Y-Ashkin in Spatial Dimension D=2
No full textA position-space renormalization-group study is done for the Ashkin-Tellerized XY model, as an exact solution on the d=2 hierarchical lattice and an approximate solution on the square lattice. A multiplicity of algebraic order is found in the phase diagram, in the form of renormalization-group fixed lines composed of a continuous sequence of interaction potential surfaces. In the Ashkin-Tellerized XY model, each site has two continuously varying spins, each spin being an XY spin, that is, having orientation continuously varying in 2π radians. Nearest-neighbor sites are coupled by two-spin and four-spin interactions. The phase diagram has algebraically ordered phases that are ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic in each of the spins, and algebraically ordered phases that are ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic in the combined spin variable. These phases are subtended by fixed lines of potential surfaces that are multiplicatively different Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless fixed potentials. The evolution of continuously varying criticality is traced within each of the four phases. The renormalization-group flows, the fixed lines, and the interaction surfaces are in terms of the doubly composite Fourier coefficients of the exponentiated energy of the four nearest-neighbor spins. The disordered phase is maintained along two semi-infinite a priori quasi-disorder lines. This record is sourced from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicin