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Transformation of Turkish-Russian Relations: Rivalry and Cooperation in Eurasia and the Levant
No full textRelations between Russia and Türkiye have developed considerably since the end of the Cold War. What began as energy trade in the late 1980s evolved into cooperation in business, energy, construction, tourism, politics and even security. Behind the ever-expanding cooperation lies a mistrust fueled by historical enmity and regional rivalry that occasionally leads to confrontation. As the two countries seek to shape their competitive cooperation beyond the current geopolitical challenges and constraints of regional security and alliances, the question of whether they could find ways to advance their partnership is of paramount importance and has regional and global implications. This paper seeks to understand how they have managed their conflict-ridden past to develop a modus operandi in the post-Cold War world by proposing a new conceptual model, namely “competitive cooperation” or “coopetition”, to understand the relationship that developed over the last 30 years in different geographical regions.Social Science Citation Inde
ОБНАРУЖЕНИЕ ОБФУСЦИРОВАННЫХ ВРЕДОНОСНЫХ ПРОГРАММ В WINDOWS С ПОМОЩЬЮ МЕТОДОВ АНСАМБЛЕВОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ
No full textIn the internet and smart devices era, malware detection has become crucial for system security. Obfuscated malware poses significant risks to various platforms, including computers, mobile devices, and IoT devices, by evading advanced security solutions. Traditional heuristic-based and signature-based methods often fail against these threats. Therefore, a cost-effective detection system was proposed using memory dump analysis and ensemble learning techniques. Utilizing the CIC-MalMem-2022 dataset, the effectiveness of decision trees, gradient-boosted trees, logistic Regression, random forest, and LightGBM in identifying obfuscated malware was evaluated. The study demonstrated the superiority of ensemble learning techniques in enhancing detection accuracy and robustness. Additionally, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) and LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations) were employed to elucidate model predictions, improving transparency and trustworthiness. The analysis revealed vital features significantly impacting malware detection, such as process services, active services, file handles, registry keys, and callback functions. These insights are crucial for refining detection strategies and enhancing model performance. The findings contribute to cybersecurity efforts by comprehensively assessing machine learning algorithms for obfuscated malware detection through memory analysis. This paper offers valuable insights for future research and advancements in malware detection, paving the way for more robust and effective cybersecurity solutions in the face of evolving and sophisticated malware threats. © 2025 St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
Decision Making, Emotion Recognition and Childhood Traumatic Experiences in Murder Convicts Imprisoned With Aggravated Life Sentence: a Prison Study
No full textIntroduction: Decision-making and emotion recognition are two fundamental themes in social cognition. Disorders in these areas can lead to interpersonal, psychosocial, and legal problems for the individual and society. The likelihood of consequent aggression and crime makes them foci of forensic psychiatry over time. In this study, two developmental disorders that have a clear relationship with crime, that are antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and psychopathy are investigated for their relationship with these social cognitive deficits. Methods: The present study involved 23 male prison inmates who were diagnosed with both antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy, as well as 23 control participants who were matched for age, gender, and level of education. Following the psychiatric interview, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), the Iowa Gambling Test (IGT), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ), Childhood Psychic Trauma Scale (CTQ), Hare Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R) were administered to all participants. Results: The results of the study showed that ASPD group performed statistically worse than healthy controls in TAS, CTQ, all items of DSQ, PCL-R Factor 1 and 2, and all the IGT scores (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant difference between in the RMETtest performances Conclusion: These results suggest that ASPD and psychopathy lead to impaired decision-making behaviors due to the inability to recognize one's own emotions and impulsivity, and that these characteristics play a critical role in the criminal behavior of individuals. In addition, contrary to expectations, the results of affective theory of mind assessed with the RMET showed similar characteristics in homicide convicts and healthy controls. These data indicate the need for further research in the field of forensic psychiatry.Science Citation Index Expande
A Nano-Scale Design of Arithmetic and Logic Unit for Energy-Efficient Signal Processing Devices Based on a Quantum-Based Technology
No full textSignal processing had a significant impact on the development of many elements of modern life, including telecommunications, education, healthcare, industry, and security. The semiconductor industry is the primary driver of signal processing innovation, producing ever-more sophisticated electronic devices and circuits in response to global demand. In addition, the central processing unit (CPU) is described as the "brain" of a computer or all electronic devices and signal processing. CPU is a critical electronic device that includes vital components such as memory, multiplier, adder, etc. Also, one of the essential components of the CPU is the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), which executes the arithmetic and logical operations within all types of CPU operations, such as addition, multiplication, and subtraction. However, delay, occupied areas, and energy consumption are essential parameters in ALU circuits. Since the recent ALU designs experienced problems like high delay, high occupied area, and high energy consumption, implementing electronic circuits based on new technology can significantly boost the performance of entire signal processing devices, including microcontrollers, microprocessors, and printed devices, with high-speed and low occupied space. Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) is an effective technology for implementing all electronic circuits and signal processing applications to solve these shortcomings. It is a transistor-less nanotechnology being explored as a successor to established technologies like CMOS and VLSI due to its ultra-low power dissipation, high device density, fast operating speed in THz, and reduced circuit complexity. This research proposes a ground-breaking ALU that upgrades electrical devices such as microcontrollers by applying cutting-edge QCA nanotechnology. The primary goal is to offer a novel ALU architecture that fully utilizes the potential of QCA nanotechnology. Using a new and efficient approach, the fundamental gates are skillfully utilized with a coplanar layout based on a single cell not rotated. Furthermore, this work presents an enhanced 1-bit and 2-bit arithmetic logic unit in quantum dot cellular automata. The recommended design includes logic, arithmetic operations, full adder (FA) design, and multiplexers. Using the powerful simulation tools QCADesigner, all proposed designs are evaluated and verified. The simulation outcomes indicates that the suggested ALU has 42.48 and 64.28% improvements concerning cell count and total occupied area in comparison to the best earlier single-layer and multi-layer designs.Science Citation Index Expande
Exploring Women's Visceral Engagement With Electric Appliances in Turkish Kitchens
No full textThis paper investigates the narratives and experiences of women regarding cooking with small electric appliances. It intends to offer a novel perspective on gender and technology studies by foregrounding the visceral dimensions of these encounters. Drawing from a larger project on the historical representations and lived experiences of domestic technologies in Turkey, it highlights how the embodied dimensions of cooking shape the ways women perceive, adapt, and integrate technology into their daily lives. This study is based on interviews with twenty-seven women across five cities in Turkey conducted between 2022 and 2024. While small electric appliances are often marketed for convenience and efficiency, we argue that focusing solely on their instrumental benefits neglects the complex and visceral ways women engage with technology. A visceral approach remains an undervalued lens for understanding these interactions, particularly as women's embodied knowledge and relationships to kitchen appliances challenge scholarship that prioritizes progress and efficiency. As active agents, many women resist these technologies, viewing them as misaligned with the embodied knowledge and practices integral to cooking. By reevaluating the relationship between food, gender, and technology, we propose that such disengagement challenges the positivist reliance on science and technology, emphasizing the importance of embodied knowledge and everyday practices in shaping women's interactions with technology.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [120K822]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)This study was supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the Grant Number 120K822.Emerging Sources Citation Inde
Contextual Factors That Affect the Founding Team Composition of Startups and Their Access To Early-stage Funding: the Turkish Startup Ecosystem
No full textBilgi asimetrisinin yüksek olduğu ve erken aşama girişimlerin gelecekteki potansiyeline ilişkin belirsizliğin sürdüğü bir ortamda, yatırımcılar genellikle büyüme ve piyasa potansiyeline dair sinyaller olarak kurucu ekip özelliklerine güvenmektedir. Girişim sinyalleme ve finansmanına yönelik kapsamlı araştırmalar bulunsa da bağlamsal faktörlerin bu süreçlerdeki rolü yeterince incelenmemiştir. Bu tez, sektör, girişimcilik ekosistemi ve ekonomi düzeyindeki bağlamsal unsurların, Türkiye girişimcilik ekosisteminde gözlemlenen kurucu ekip özelliklerini nasıl şekillendirdiğini incelemektedir. Fintek, oyun ve yapay zeka sektörlerine odaklanarak, bu özelliklerin erken aşama yatırımları çekme üzerindeki etkisini ve bağlamsal faktörlerin bu süreci nasıl yönlendirdiğini analiz ediyorum. 2010-2023 yılları arasında kurulan girişimlerin arşiv verilerini kullanarak, kurucu ekip profillerini ekip büyüklüğü, girişimcilerin geçmişi ve ekipteki kadın girişimci oranı açısından belirlemek amacıyla kümeleme analizi gerçekleştirdim. Bu özelliklerin erken aşama yatırım çekme üzerindeki etkisi regresyon analizi ile test edilmiştir. Bulgular, sektörler ve girişimcilik ekosisteminin farklı aşamalarına göre kurucu ekip yapılarında belirgin farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle, dönüş yapan (returnee) bir kurucu ortağın varlığı, ekibin içinde yerel seçkin bir girişimci bulunması veya girişimin yapay zeka sektöründe faaliyet göstermesi durumunda başarıya daha güçlü bir şekilde katkı sağlamaktadır. Daha büyük kurucu ekipler, ekip üyeleri arasında bilişsel benzerlik yüksek olduğunda girişim başarısını artırmaktadır. Kadın girişimcilerin girişim başarısına etkisi zaman içinde değişkenlik göstermekte; ekosistemin büyüme aşamasında pozitif bir etkiye sahipken, olgunluk aşamasında—COVID-19 dönemiyle örtüşen süreçte—negatif bir hale dönüşmektedir. Bu bulgular, sinyalleme ve çeşitlilik literatürüne katkı sağlarken, girişimciler ve politika yapıcılar için daha etkili girişim ekipleri oluşturma ve yatırım stratejileri geliştirme konusunda pratik öneriler sunmaktadır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Girişimcilik Ekosistemi, Erken Aşama Girişimler, Kurucu Ekip Özellikleri, Yatırımcı Sinyallemesi, Girişimcilik Başarısı, Erken Aşama Finansmanı, Türkiye Girişimcilik EkosistemiFacing high levels of information asymmetry and uncertainty about the future potential of early-stage ventures, investors often rely on founding team characteristics as signals of growth and market potential. While extensive research exists on venture signaling and financing, the role of contextual factors in these processes remains underexplored. This thesis examines how sector-, ecosystem-, and economy-level contextual elements shape the observed founding team characteristics in the Turkish startup ecosystem. Focusing on fintech, gaming, and AI industries, I analyze how these characteristics influence early-stage funding, considering the moderating role of contextual factors. Using archival data from startups founded between 2010 and 2023, I conduct a cluster analysis to identify founding team profiles based on team size, entrepreneurial background, and the ratio of female entrepreneurs. Regression analysis tests the effects of these characteristics on attracting early-stage investment. The findings reveal distinct patterns in founding team structures across sectors and different stages of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Notably, the presence of a returnee founder positively impacts success, particularly when paired with a local elite entrepreneur or within the AI industry. Larger founding teams enhance startup performance when cognitive similarity among team members is high. The influence of female entrepreneurs on success shifts over time, becoming positive during the ecosystem's growth stage but turning negative in the maturity stage, coinciding with the COVID-19 period. These insights contribute to signaling and diversity research while offering practical recommendations for entrepreneurs and policymakers in fostering more effective startup teams and investment strategies. Keywords: Startup Ecosystem, Early-Stage Ventures, Founding Team Characteristics, Investor Signaling, Entrepreneurial Success, Early-Stage Funding, Turkey Startup Ecosystem
Design and Synthesis of Thiosemicarbazides and 1,2,4-Triazoles Derived From Ibuprofen as Potential Metap (Type II) Inhibitors
No full textIn the present study, a range of novel thiosemicarbazides 4a-i and 1,2,4-triazoles 5a-i derived from ibuprofen, were synthesized. Structural elucidation of these synthesized compounds was performed utilizing a variety of spectroscopic methods, including FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS. The synthesized compounds were tested for cytotoxicity in five different cancer cell lines (cervical cancer (HeLa), human breast cancer (MCF-7), human gastric adenocarcinoma (MKN-45), human metastatic prostate cancer (PC3) and human glioblastoma (U87)). The compounds were compared with healthy cells (NIH-3T3) and the most effective compounds were determined by means of the selectivity index. Thiosemicarbazides derived form ibuprofen 4i and 4d showed anticancer activity, while 1,2,4-triazoles derived form ibuprofen 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5h, 5g showed anticancer activity in HeLa, MCF-7, MKN-45, PC3 and U87 cells. To test the stability of the protein-drug complexes all 18 compounds 4a-i and 5a-i were docked into the active site of the MetAP2 enzyme In general, computational inhibition constants values were correlated with the experimental values. The dynamic behavior of MetAP2-inhibitor complexes was analyzed using all atoms Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations for 200 ns duration. MD revealed that the drugs bind in the active center of MetAP2 with stable RMSD and RMSF. In conclusion, in-silico results and in-vitro studies suggests that thiosemicarbazides and 1,2,4-triazoles derived from ibuprofen may be novel anticancer drug candidates for treating cervical, breast, prostate, gastric and glioblastoma. Compounds provided induction of apoptotic proteins in the cell by inhibiting MetAP2 enzyme. Furthermore, the potential antioxidant activities of the compounds were evaluated using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay. Among the compounds tested, 4a, 4b, 4e, 4f, 4h, and 4i exhibited values closely resembling the DPPH activity of the standards.Turkish Health Institutes Presidency (TUSEB) [4235]This study was funded by the Turkish Health Institutes Presidency (TUSEB) . Project number: 4235.Science Citation Index Expande
Management Frameworks and Management System Standards in the Context of Integration and Unification: a Review and Classification of Core Building Blocks for Consilience
No full textManagement frameworks (MFs) and management system standards (MSSs) are essential tools for improving organisational management practises. They inherently include a range of fundamental building blocks that facilitate the creation of structured management systems. However, these building blocks have not yet been holistically identified or unified into a consilient taxonomy. Addressing this research gap, this study conducts a comprehensive review of 415 academic papers and theses, 47 ISO MSSs, and 79 MFs sourced from scholarly databases and official publications. Utilising a novel heuristic methodology, this study integrates a literature review, clustering, text mining analytics, and an expert review to develop a Consilient Building Block Taxonomy (CBBT). This taxonomy categorises the foundational components of MFs and MSSs, presenting them as a structured framework that unifies these elements into a cohesive system. By providing a systematic classification, the CBBT serves as a foundation for the development of a Unified Singular Management System (USMS). The proposed taxonomy enhances operational coherence, strategic alignment, and efficiency by consolidating the core aspects of diverse management systems. This study concludes with insights into how the CBBT can be leveraged to achieve integration and unification in management practises, offering significant potential for both research and practical applications.Social Science Citation Inde
High-Speed and Area-Efficient Arithmetic and Logic Unit Architecture Using Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata for Digital Signal Processing
No full textSignal processing has significantly influenced our lives in many domains, including telecommunications, education, healthcare, industry, and security. The efficiency of signal processing heavily relies on the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), which stands as an essential hardware component. In addition, ALU is a fundamental part of a central processing unit (CPU), leading to fundamental operations inside the processor. However, the growing demand for small, robust hardware systems has led researchers to create nano-electronic technologies under consideration. One of the leading technologies in this field is Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), which demonstrates promising value as a possible alternative to complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) designs since it enables compact circuit designs with minimal power consumption. The existing QCA-based ALU designs face limitations in cell count density together with high occupied area and high delay, which reduces their performance for real-time signal processing. This research presents a 1-bit ALU through a QCA-optimized approach for DSP applications. QCADesigner is used to validate and verify all proposed designs. Results show a statistically significant improvement in cell count reduction of 46.84 % and a total occupied area of 64.28 % lower than the most advanced version published to date.Science Citation Index Expande
Reflective Thinking Predicts Disbelief in God Across 19 Countries
No full textRoss, Robert/0000-0001-8711-1675; Ghasemi, Omidreza/0000-0001-7511-5580In the present study, we tested three hypotheses about relationships between reflective thinking, intuitive thinking (both measured using the Cognitive Reflection Test; CRT), and belief in God or gods (BiG) in university students across 19 culturally and geographically diverse countries (n = 7,771). In support of our first hypothesis, we found a negative relationship between reflective thinking and BiG; and in support of our second hypothesis, we found a positive relationship between intuitive thinking and BiG. Contrary to our third hypothesis, we found no evidence that measuring CRT prior to measuring BiG decreased BiG. Given that this is the first large cross-cultural test of these hypotheses to have a preregistered analysis plan, the first to hold education constant across countries, and the first to use both Bayesian and frequentist methods, these results considerably bolster the evidence in support of the first two hypotheses and against the third hypothesis.CAUL; John Templeton Foundation [62631]; Templeton Religion Trust [TRT0424]Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions. This work was supported by the John Templeton Foundation [Grant ID: 62631] and Templeton Religion Trust [Grant ID: TRT0424].Social Science Citation Inde