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2023 Türkiye - Suriye Depremlerinin İşbirliği Davranışları ve Tutumları Üzerindeki Etkisi
Get PDFPek çok teori varoluşsal tehditler ile politik davranışlar ve tutumlar arasında olan karmaşık ilişkiye açıklama getirme teşebbüsünde bulunsa da alanyazında bulunan çalışmalar nihai bir sonuca ulaşamamış ve bulgular sistemli bir şekilde bir teoriyi desteklememektedir. Kuramlar arasındaki çelişkileri çözmek ve farklı tehditlerin politik ideoloji, tutum ve davranışları nasıl şekillendirdiğini incelemek amacıyla Eadeh ve Chang (2020) siyaset bilimi alanyazınında hali hazırda bulunmakta olan Soruna Vakıflık Modeli'ni (Petrocik, 1996) siyaset psikolojisi alanyazınına adapte etti. Soruna Vakıflık Modeline göre farklı şekildeki tehditler (tip, şiddet vs.) farklı zaman, mekan ve bağlamlarda farklı politik yöne doğru kaymalara (muhafazakarlık veya liberallik) sebep olabilir. Bu araştırmada, literatürde çok çalışılmayan bir tehdit tipi olan deprem tehditinin katılımcıların işbirliği davranışları ve niyeti üzerindeki etkisi ve deprem risk algısının düzenleyici etkileri doğal deney ortamında incelenmiştir (2023 Türkiye – Suriye depremleri öncesi ve sonrası). Çalışma kapsamında deprem tehditinin diktatör ve kamusal mallar oyunu ile ölçülen para paylaşma davranışı ve işbirliği olarak ahlak ölçeğinde ölçülen işbirliği niyeti üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırma öncesi anket çalışmasına katılan katılımcılar bu çalışmaya davet edildi (Örneklem sonuç olarak 388 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır.) ve deprem manipülasyonu ile kontrol koşullarına seçkisiz bir şekilde atandılar. 2023 Türkiye – Suriye depremleri ardından katılımcıların işbirliği davranışı ile risk algılarında artış gözlemlenirken işbirliği niyetinde azalma meydana geldiği saptanmıştır. Buna karşın depremin cömertlik davranışı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı saptanmıştır. Deney manipülasyonun bağımlı değişkenler üzerinde etkisinin olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir ve bu durumun tavan etkisinden kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Ahlaki mesajların deprem tehditinin olumsuz etkilerini hafifletmediği ve bireysel farklılık değişkenlerinin potansiyel düzenleyici değişken olarak bağımlı değişkenler üzerinde herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar farklı tip tehditlerin farklı psikolojik tepkilere yol açabileceği argümanını desteklemektedir.Numerous theories have attempted to elucidate the intricate relationship between existential threats and political behaviors and attitudes; however, the existing body of research on this topic has not provided conclusive results, nor has it consistently supported any theory. To reconcile mixed findings in the literature, Eadeh and Chang (2020) adapted the Issue Ownership Model, originally derived from political sciences (Petrocik, 1996), to the political psychology literature. According to the Issue Ownership Model, diverse forms of threats (type, severity, etc.) can induce different political shifts (either toward conservative or liberal orientations) in different times, places, and contexts (Brandt et al., 2021). In this research, we conducted an online experiment to see the effects of an understudied threat, an earthquake, on cooperative behaviors and intentions and the moderating role of risk perceptions in a natural field context (i.e., before and after the 2023 Türkiye-Syria earthquake). We tested the effects of earthquake threat on the money-sharing behaviors in dictator and public goods games and the cooperation intentions in the morality as cooperation scale. Participants who had taken part in the pre-test before the earthquake were invited to participate again (which resulted in 388 participants), and they were randomly assigned to the earthquake manipulation and the control conditions. The results demonstrated a significant increase in cooperation behaviors and risk perceptions and decreased cooperation intentions after the earthquake. In contrast, no significant change was observed in generosity levels. Meanwhile, manipulation did not affect dependent variables probably because of the ceiling effect. Moral messages to mitigate the negative consequences of the threat and individual difference variables as potential moderators also did not affect dependent variables. The results support the idea that different types of threats lead to different psychological reactions
Postmodern Seduction: Populist Political Communication Style
No full textPopülizm dünyanın üçte birinde iktidar olduğu bir altın çağı yaşıyor. Popülist figürlerin sayısı ve artan oy oranlarıyla uyumlu bir şekilde popülizm başlığı altındaki akademik çalışmalar gün geçtikçe büyüyor. Bugüne kadar 'demokrasinin hayaleti' 'kültürel geri dönüş' ve 'küreselleşmenin kaybedenleri' gibi ana akım tezlerin yanında finanstan felsefeye kadar uzanan geniş bir yelpazede üretilen fikirler bu boştan çıkarmayı anlamlandırmayı deniyor. Ancak popülizmin küresel cazibesi gizemini koruyor çünkü hiçbir girişim hem çağdaş hem de tarihsel popülist vakaları kucaklamayı başaramıyor, ayakkabı Cindirella'ya uymuyor. Bu tez üç aşamalı bir argümantasyon ile bu gediği kapatmayı hedefliyor. İlk olarak siyasal iletişimi merkeze alan bir popülizm anlayışından beslenerek popülist figürlerin iz bıraktığı tüm tarihsel ufukları kapsayan bir okuma öneriyor. İkinci aşamada bu tarihsel duraklarda sıklıkla tekrar eden iletişim pratiklerin varlığına işaret ederek popülizmi başarıya götüren asıl aktörü -iletişim stratejilerini- analiz ediyor. Son olarak ortaya çıkan popülist iletişim repertuarının post modern dönüşümün hayatın her alanında yarattığı fırsat yapılarıyla kusursuza yakın bir birliktelik kurduğunu gözler önüne sererek bugünlerde Peru'da Filipinler'e dünyanın her yerinden birer birer fırlayan popülist hareketlerin var oluşuna yekpare bir anlam sağlıyor. Çağdaş popülizm ne bir hayaleti andırıyor ne de sarhoş bir misafire benziyor. Popülist figürlerin post modern hanemizin yeni paydaşları olduğu gerçeği, popülizmi kabul etmek, dönüştürmek ve yenmek için yeni yollara ihtiyaç olduğunu ve inkâr edilemez kılıyor. Anahtar Kelimeler: Popülizm, Siyasal iletişim, Postmodernite, Fırsat YapılarıIn the new decade, populism is experiencing a golden age when it is in power in a third of the world. In line with the number of populist figures and the increasing share of the vote, academic studies under the heading of populism are growing day by day. To date, mainstream theses such as 'the ghost of democracy', 'the cultural backlash' and 'the losers of globalization', as well as ideas from finance to philosophy, have attempted to make sense of this hollowing out, but the global appeal of populism remains a mystery because no attempt to embrace both contemporary and historical populist phenomena – shoe of Cinderella. In this thesis I aim to close this gap with a three-stage argumentation. First, I propose a reading that encompasses all the historical horizons left by populist figures by drawing on an understanding of populism centered on political communication. In the second stage, I point to the existence of communication practices that recur frequently at these historical eras and analyzes the main actor that drives populism to success - communication strategies. Finally, by revealing the near-perfect coexistence of the populist communication repertoire with the opportunity structures created by the postmodern transformation in all spheres of life, I provide a unified meaning for the existence of populist movements that are now popping up all over the world from Americas to Far-East. Contemporary populism neither resembles a ghost nor a drunken guest. The fact that populist figures are the new stakeholders in our postmodern household makes it undeniable that new ways to acknowledge, transform and defeat populism are needed. Keywords: Populism, Political communication, Postmodernity, Opportunity Structure
Türkiye'deki E-ticaret Platformlarının Görsel Erişilebilirlik Performansı: Trendyol.com, Hepsiburada.com ve N11.com Üzerinde Yapılan Örnek İnceleme
No full textBirçok çevrimiçi satıcı, yalnızca klavye komutları veya ekran okuyucular gibi yardımcı teknolojiler kullanılarak gezinilebilen erişilebilir web siteleri sunar. Ancak, klavyeyle erişilebilen bir dijital ürün geliştirmek, evrensel olarak kabul edilen görsel erişilebilirlik standartlarını karşılayan bir dijital ürün üretmekten çok farklıdır. Bir web sayfasındaki kullanıcı arayüzü öğelerinin görsel nitelikleri, erişilebilirlik yaklaşımıyla e-ticaret platformları tasarlarken tasarımcılar ve geliştiriciler için bazen ikincil öncelik haline gelmektedir. Bu araştırmada, Türkiye'de en çok ziyaret edilen ilk üç e-ticaret platformu (Trendyol.com, Hepsiburada.com ve N11.com) üzerinde gerçekleştirilen sezgisel kullanıcı testleri ve çoğunlukla Web İçeriği Erişilebilirlik Yönergeleri'nin algılanılabilirlik kısmının ayırt edilebilirlik bölümüne dayanan değerlendirme kriterlerini birleştiren benzersiz bir yöntem kullanılmıştır. Bu yöntem çevrimiçi alışveriş platformlarının görsel erişilebilirlik performansını değerlendirmek için oluşturulmuş ve görme ile ilgili bir sağlık sorunu olsun ya da olmasın, kullanıcılar için bir görevi tamamlamanın ne kadar kolay olduğunu anlamak için kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, kullanıcıların çok sayıda görsel erişilebilirlik sorunuyla karşı karşıya kaldığını göstermektedir. Mevzubahis platformların değerlendirmesi, onların yalnızca karmaşık görsel erişilebilirlik kriterleri açısından değil, aynı zamanda kontrast oranı ve metin boyutu gibi temel kriterler açısından da başarısız olduğunu gösteriyor. Olumlu olarak, çalışma, bu görsel erişilebilirlik sorunlarının çoğunun kolayca çözülebileceğini ortaya koyuyor.Many online retailers present accessible websites, which can be navigated using keyboard-only commands or assistive technology, such as screen readers. However, developing a keyboard-accessible digital product is very different from producing a digital product that meets universally accepted standards for visual accessibility. Visual attributes of the user interface elements on a web page sometimes become the second priority for the designers and developers when they design e-commerce platforms with an accessibility approach. In this research, a unique method, combining heuristic user tests conducted on top three most visited e-commerce platforms in Turkey (Trendyol.com, Hepsiburada.com and N11.com) and evaluation criteria mostly based on distinguishability part of perceivability section of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1, is created in order to evaluate e-shopping platforms' visual accessibility performance. This method is used to understand the easiness of a task for the users whether they have a sight related health problem or not. The findings of this study indicate that users encounter numerous visual accessibility problems. The evaluation of Trendyol.com, Hepsiburada.com, and N11.com demonstrates that these platforms exhibit multiple failures, not only in terms of more complex visual accessibility criteria but also for basic criteria such as contrast ratio and text size. On a positive note, the study reveals that most of these visual accessibility problems can be easily resolved
Local Contexts as Alternative Knowing Spaces for Design Fields
No full textOz, Gizem/0000-0001-5408-1772Lately, the notion of a single, unified form of knowledge has been questioned, and there has been increasing recognition of the importance of context-specific, varied forms of knowledge. This shift is reflected in the field of design studies, where there is a growing movement away from dominant models and strategies and towards contextually based methodologies and a pluralistic knowledge space of design. This paper explores the idea of diverse and equitable 'ecologies of knowledge' to understand the interplay between forms of knowledge and the customs and values that either facilitate or hinder their co-creation. Respectively, local contexts and knowledge are proposed as alternative spaces in which pluralistic design knowledge can flourish. By bringing together the latest efforts in design towards plurality with the ecologies of knowledge framework, this paper provides insights into the methods and processes involved in collaboration and co-creation of new knowledge within design research. These guidelines can aid designers and researchers in formulating methods that are contextually relevant and mutually agreed upon when engaging with local communities and in forging more accountable and epistemically imaginative links with local contexts
I Consider Vr Table Tennis To Be My Secret Weapon!: an Analysis of the Vr Table Tennis Players' Experiences Outside the Lab
No full textBatmaz, Anil Ufuk/0000-0001-7948-8093; Barrera Machuca, Mayra Donaji/0000-0002-8057-7103; Sun, Junwei/0009-0001-5933-0122; Sunday, Kissinger/0000-0001-8435-3433Thanks to stand-alone Virtual Reality (VR) advances, users can play realistic simulations of real-life sports at their homes. In these game simulations, players control their avatars by doing the same movements as in real life (RL) while playing against a person or AI opponent, making VR sports attractive for the players. In this paper, we surveyed a popular VR table tennis game community, focusing on understanding their demographics, challenges, and experiences with skill transfers between VR and RL. Our results show that, on average, VR table tennis players are primarily men, live in Europe/Asia, and are 38 years old. We also found that the current state of VR technology affects the player's experience and that players see VR as a convenient way to play matches but that RL is better for socialization. Finally, we identified skills like backhand and forehand strikes that players perceived to be transferred from VR to RL and vice versa. Our research findings have the potential to serve as a valuable resource for VR table tennis game developers seeking to integrate mid-air controllers into their future projects
Effect of Grip Style on Peripersonal Target Pointing in Vr Head Mounted Displays
No full textBatmaz, Anil Ufuk/0000-0001-7948-8093; Stuerzlinger, Wolfgang/0000-0002-7110-5024When working in Virtual Reality (VR), the user's performance is affected by how the user holds the input device (e.g., controller), typically using either a precision or a power grip. Previous work examined these grip styles for 3D pointing at targets at different depths in peripersonal space and found that participants had a lower error rate with the precision grip but identified no difference in movement speed, throughput, or interaction with target depth. Yet, this previous experiment was potentially affected by tracking differences between devices. This paper reports an experiment that partially replicates and extends the previous study by evaluating the effect of grip style on the 3D selection of nearby targets with the same device. Furthermore, our experiment re-investigates the effect of the vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC) present in current stereo displays on 3D pointing in peripersonal space. Our results show that grip style significantly affects user performance. We hope that our results are useful for researchers and designers when creating virtual environments
Certification of almost global phase synchronization of all-to-all coupled phase oscillators
No full textCoupled oscillators may exhibit almost global phase synchronization, namely their phases tend to asymp-totically overlap for almost all initial conditions. We consider certification of this property using Rantzer's dual Lyapunov approach with sum of squares (SOS) programming. To this aim, we use a stereographic transformation from a hypertorus to an Euclidean space. For the case of all-to-all coupling, this transformation converts the problem of certifying stability into the problem of certifying divergence of almost all solutions to infinity. We show that the latter can be solved using a polynomial Lyapunov density, which can be constructed via SOS programming. This leads to the certification of almost global phase synchronization of all-to-all coupled phase oscillators. We apply our method to an example of coupled phase oscillators and to an example of coupled van der Pol oscillators, and show that it can support the existing tools of local stability analysis by ensuring almost global phase synchronization
Energy-Efficient Design for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Cell-Free Ultra Dense Hetnets
No full textIn this article, we investigate the energy efficiency (EE) of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) aided cell-free ultra-dense HetNets (CFUDN). To maximize the EE of CFUDN, users (UEs) association and clustering, RISs subsurface (SSF) associations are carefully designed. Then, the phase shift matrix of RISs and transmission power of base stations (BSs) are jointly optimized. Due to the non-convexity and high complexity of the formulated problem, this jointly optimized problem is usually difficult to solve. At present, the most commonly adopted method to deal with joint optimization problems is the block coordinate descent (BCD) algorithm based on an alternative optimization framework. However, as we all know, the BCD algorithm has some degree of performance loss due to the alternate optimization of variables. To overcome this challenging issue, a novel joint optimization framework based on Riemannian product manifolds (RPM) is proposed, in which the phase shift matrix of RISs and transmission power of BSs can be simultaneously optimized rather than alternating ways. The simulation results and computational complexity analysis demonstrate that the joint optimization framework based on the RPM exhibits superior performance and lower complexity compared to the joint optimization algorithm based on the BCD. © 2023 IEEE
Performance Evaluation of Dtn Routing Protocols for Drone Swarms Using a Web-Based Simulator
No full text29th IEEE International Symposium on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN) -- JUL 10-11, 2023 -- London, ENGLANDThe growing interest in drone swarms and their applications using wireless communication has resulted in the necessity for innovative network architectures. Drone swarms are subject to highly dynamic network topology, and the low drone density may constrain connectivity and overall network performance. The Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) architecture, which is based on dynamic discovery of neighbouring nodes and relay of data via store-and-forward mechanism, overcomes these challenges. In this study, we develop a DTN simulator for drone swarms using web technologies that operate within the web browser. We employ two commonly used DTN routing algorithms, namely epidemic routing and spray-and-wait routing, for varying numbers of nodes, simulation durations, and maximum allowed copies in the network. We compare these protocols by evaluating performance metrics such as delivery probability, number of hops/copies, and delivery time, through a case study. Additionally, we investigate the influence of the outage probability of the air-to-air channel between nodes.IEEEFaculty Development Competitive Research Grant Program of Nazarbayev University [20122022FD4125]; Scientific and Technical Projects - Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan [AP14871109, AP13068587]; Nazarbayev University [11022021CRP1507, 021220FD0451]This work was supported by Faculty Development Competitive Research Grant Program of Nazarbayev University (grant no. 20122022FD4125), as well as by Scientific and Technical Projects (AP14871109, AP13068587), funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and Nazarbayev University (grant no. 11022021CRP1507, 021220FD0451)
Citizenship, Media and Activism in Turkey during Gezi Park Protests1
No full textIn the decade that followed the Arab Spring, hopes for greater democratization in the Arabic speaking countries and their neighbours have waned. The political activism in Turkey has grown in the immediate years after the Gezi Park protests especially due to the increasing role of social media as an alternative venue for information exchange for citizens. However, the media freedom began to decline especially after the failed coup in 2016 onward and democratic backsliding have been more prominent. This chapter examines the use of Twitter during the Gezi Park protests and explores the ways in which it motivated or facilitated democratic participation. The data presented here are drawn from independent research efforts of a number of academics who collaborated in data collection, which combines a quantitatively driven social network analysis of approximately one million archived tweets, followed by in-depth interviews in order to collect personal accounts of motivations for online participation of protestors during the Gezi Protests. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Nael Jebril and Mohammed-Ali Abunajela; individual chapters, the contributors