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Malade dès la conception ? Pourquoi l\u27éducation médicale a besoin d\u27environnements d\u27apprentissage favorables à la santé
Full text linkAre You Here? Making Space for Family in Emerging Adults’ Experience of Cancer
Full text linkEmerging adulthood (encompassing ages 18 to 29) is a period of life scaffolded by societal and developmental expectations of independence. Being confronted by a diagnosis of cancer launches emerging adults into new ways of being, sometimes at odds with these expectations. In this paper, I explore how cancer may be experienced as an interruption to an emerging adult’s lift script, and the expectations of childhood versus youth through an interpretation of Thomas Cole’s Voyage of Life painting series. I explore how cultural and traditional beliefs about one’s youth invoke an articulation of time “as passing” or progressing that a diagnosis of cancer puts into question. Subsequently, I consider how emerging adulthood requires being in a liminal space of self-understanding that is complicated by cancer. To conclude, I discuss Paul Ricoeur’s ideas about narrative identity and self to consider how we may support emerging adults’ capacity for imagination of meaningful familial relationships
Sex is a taboo but sexual violence is common: An exploratory study of sexual violence among domestic violence shelter residents in Pakistan:
Full text linkViolence against women (VAW), a serious social issue globally, is prevalent in Pakistan, with an estimated prevalence rate between 60% to 80%. This original study adopted an exploratory qualitative approach to examine women’s experiences of VAW and their need for services. Fifty-seven women, who had returned to shelter homes after unsuccessful attempts at family re-integration in Punjab, Pakistan, completed in-depth qualitative interviews. Among the types of violence experienced, unprompted five shelter residents identified a range of sexual violence (SV) experiences including unwanted sexual advances, sexual assaults, rape, and forced prostitution. This disclosure is noteworthy as sex is considered a taboo topic in Pakistani society; it is not openly discussed, even among family members and sexual abuse and sexual crimes are not readily acknowledged or recognized as a part of Pakistani culture. Further, little research on this phenomenon has been conducted in Pakistan. This study employed a secondary qualitative data method to examine the experiences of SV among returned shelter residents. SV was perpetrated primarily by male spouses, other men in the women’s family of origin and their family of marriage, as well as by male employers and by a stepmother (e.g. forced prostitution). Findings of the study agree with other literature highlighting that, among other risk factors, women and girls who are married at an early age are subjected to increased rates of SV. SV needs to be studied more extensively in Pakistan to understand the issue more fully and to develop measures aimed at its prevention and intervention
Préparer les étudiants en travail social aux réalités de la pratique : une analyse du contenu des blessures liées au stress professionnel dans les programmes de travail social au Canada:
No full textThe practice of social work places social workers at risk for occupational stress injuries (OSIs) such as 1) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 2) secondary traumatic stress (STS), also known as vicarious trauma (VT) or compassion fatigue (CF), and 3) burnout (Bride, 2007; Shackelford, 2012). Therefore, schools of social work need to prepare students for these potentialities and teach them ways to mitigate risk. This study explores whether and how thoroughly schools of social work across Canada are including the topic of OSIs within their Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) curricula. A content analysis was conducted of course descriptions, from each of the 42 BSW programs across Canada, using online university calendars and program websites. Each course description was reviewed for explicit reference to OSIs, (e.g., use of the words PTSD, STS, VT, CF and burnout) and also for implicit mention to the psychological impacts of practicing social work on the social workers themselves. Only three BSW programs offered a course with explicit reference to OSIs, an additional 11 offered courses with implicit reference. Of the 1,494 course descriptions included in the sample, only four explicitly referenced OSIs and 23 made implicit mention to topics that could arguably align with the etiology of OSIs and prevention and mitigation strategies. These topics included worker stress, personal and professional sustainability, professional resiliency, and self-care. These findings raise concern as to how well social work students are being prepared for the realities of practice. Implications of the findings for social work education and preparation for the field are discussed.La pratique du travail social expose les travailleurs sociaux à des risques de traumatismes liés au stress professionnel (TSO), tels que 1) le trouble de stress post-traumatique (SSPT), 2) le stress traumatique secondaire (STS), également connu sous le nom de traumatisme vicariant (VT) ou compassion fatigue (FC) et 3) épuisement professionnel). Par conséquent, les écoles de travail social doivent préparer les étudiants à ces potentialités et leur enseigner des moyens d\u27atténuer les risques. Cette étude a exploré si et dans quelle mesure les écoles de travail social à travers le Canada incluent le sujet des TSO dans leurs programmes de baccalauréat en travail social (BSW). Une analyse du contenu a été effectuée pour toutes les descriptions de cours de chacun des 42 programmes BSW au Canada à l\u27aide de calendriers universitaires en ligne et de sites Web de programmes. Chaque description de cours a été examinée pour une référence explicite aux BSO (c\u27est-à-dire l\u27utilisation des mots PTSD, STS, VT, CF et burnout) et aussi pour une mention implicite des impacts psychologiques de la pratique du travail social sur le travailleur social. Seuls 3 programmes BSW offraient un cours avec une référence explicite aux OSI, 11 autres proposaient des cours avec une référence implicite. Sur les 1 494 descriptions de cours incluses dans l\u27échantillon, seules 4 mentionnaient explicitement des TSO et 23 mentionnaient implicitement des sujets qui pourraient sans doute s\u27aligner sur les stratégies d\u27étiologie, de prévention et d\u27atténuation. Ces sujets comprenaient le stress des travailleurs, la durabilité personnelle et professionnelle, la résilience professionnelle et les soins personnels. Ces résultats soulèvent de sérieuses inquiétudes quant à la façon dont les étudiants en travail social sont préparés aux réalités de la pratique. Les implications des résultats pour la formation en travail social et la préparation pour le domaine sont discutées
Methodological reflections on research with racialized communities and stigmatized topics: Towards a model of transformative engagement:
Full text linkThrough our participation as the Calgary site for the Strength in Unity (SIU) project, a pan-Canadian randomized controlled trial, our team anticipated learning much about the seldom researched area of racialized men’s experiences with mental health stigma and their responses to novel interventions. Distinct from the study’s formal objectives and research queries, we encountered significant recruitment challenges, which engendered unanticipated but welcomed learnings concerning culturally sensitive recruitment practices. To help build the capacity of researchers to meaningfully and respectfully engage ethnoculturally diverse populations, this article discusses five major approaches to participant recruitment and engagement used by the Calgary-based SIU team, as well as the strengths and limitations of each identified approach. In this critical commentary we examine conventional recruitment processes employed in Calgary during early stages of the broader SIU study, thereby illuminating unanticipated barriers to the success of these accepted recruitment practices, as well as report lessons learned that may benefit projects endeavoring to use community-based recruitment strategies to engage participants from diverse cultural groups, particularly for projects considering matters stigmatizing (real or potential) to the community or communities of interest. From our serendipitous learnings we proffer the terminology, “transformative engagement” to characterize a novel process for social work researchers (and/or allied health professionals) to engage with communities and peoples in meaningful, respectful, lasting, and transformative processes, that move beyond traditional and even culturally-sensitive research recruitment practices
Sectoral Contributions to Labour Productivity Growth
Full text linkConcerns about Canada’s lackluster productivity growth have made it a priority on the public policy agenda. In this paper we argue that we should not automatically interpret declines, or slower growth rates, in aggregate labour productivity as deterioration in living standards because changes in an economy’s terms of trade are also important. Low rates of productivity growth may be the result of welfare improving changes in a country’s terms of trade that shift labour to sectors with declining labour productivity. We use the Generalized Exactly Additive Decomposition (GEAD) procedure to show how 15 sectors have contributed to aggregate business sector productivity growth in Canada from 1997 to 2019. This procedure separates a sectors’ contributions to aggregate productivity growth through relative output price changes, as well as within-sector labour productivity effects and labour reallocation effects. This analysis shows that labour productivity in Canada’s business sector increased by 30.7 percent between 1997 and 2019, an average annual growth rate of 1.2 percent. Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (FIRE) made the largest contribution to aggregate labour productivity growth and followed by the Mining, Oil and Gas Extraction sector. The only sector that made a negative contribution to aggregate productivity growth was Manufacturing because of declines in the relative price of manufactured goods and the sector’s share of total labour input. Panel regression models indicate that a change in relative prices can indirectly influence a sector’s output per hour through changes in labour inputs. In three resource-based sectors and five service sectors, labour productivity declines when its share of labour input increases in a given year
Le moment de la transition vers le poste de résident senior en chirurgie : une enquête nationale auprès des directeurs de programmes canadiens
Full text linkIntroduction: Transitions within medical education are challenging and mark significant changes in responsibility and independence. The transition from junior to senior surgical resident has been sparsely examined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the timing of this transition in Canadian surgical programs and the factors used to guide this decision.
Methods: We developed a cross-sectional, single-stage survey and distributed it to all Canadian surgical program directors. We analyzed survey responses using quantitative methods.
Results: Forty-seven program directors responded, representing all ten surgical disciplines. The most frequent period of transition from junior to senior resident was July of PGY-3. Programs that employ a formal “transition” curriculum for juniors had a significantly earlier transition, while programs that use staff feedback to guide the transition decision had a significantly later transition. Directors identified year of training and experience, technical ability, and clinical competence as key features of a senior surgical resident.
Conclusions: Surgical residency programs largely use a time-based model to determine when residents transition from junior to senior resident. Future qualitative studies should examine the factors used to make transition decisions and explore how programs define a senior surgical resident.Introduction : Les transitions au cours de la formation médicale sont difficiles et marquent des changements significatifs en ce qui a trait à la responsabilité et à l’\u27indépendance. La transition de résident junior à résident senior en chirurgie a été peu étudiée. L\u27objectif de cette étude était d\u27évaluer le choix du moment de cette transition dans les programmes de chirurgie canadiens et les facteurs utilisés pour guider cette décision.
Méthodes : Nous avons élaboré un sondage transversal en une seule étape et l\u27avons distribué à tous les directeurs de programmes de chirurgie canadiens. Nous avons analysé les réponses à l\u27aide de méthodes quantitatives.
Résultats : Au total, quarante-sept directeurs de programmes ont répondu, représentant les dix disciplines chirurgicales. La période la plus fréquente de transition entre le résident junior et le résident senior était le mois de juillet de l\u27année R-3. Les programmes qui utilisent un programme formel de « transition » pour les juniors avaient une transition significativement plus précoce, tandis que les programmes qui tiennent compte des commentaires du personnel pour guider la décision de transition avaient une transition significativement plus tardive. Les directeurs de programme ont identifié l\u27année de formation, l\u27expérience, la capacité technique et la compétence clinique comme des caractéristiques clés d\u27un résident senior en chirurgie.
Conclusions : Les programmes de résidence en chirurgie utilisent largement un modèle basé sur le temps pour déterminer quand les résidents passent du statut de résident junior à celui de résident senior. De nouvelles études qualitatives devraient examiner les facteurs utilisés pour prendre les décisions de transition et explorer la façon dont les programmes définissent un résident senior en chirurgie
Rest as Resistance: Visiting with Land as a Method of Rest
Full text linkAs part of my ongoing research articulating a Metis-feminist theory of rest as resistance, this paper explores the practice of visiting with Land as an act of restful resistance. A theory of rest as resistance responds to the exhausting ways that the settler state attempts to devastate Indigenous communities. This response sees rest not as succumbing to these oppressive powers but as a method to actively resist them. In this paper, I argue that visiting with Land is a practice of rest as resistance as it first refuses colonial and capitalist standards and expectations of what it means to be “productive.” Second, it centres knowledge and relationships not valued by colonial capitalism. Finally, it engages in slow practices of well-being focused on relationality and reciprocity that offer space and freedom to understand ourselves and our communities. I will root my considerations of this resistance in a practice of autotheory that reflects on my own practice of visiting with Land, both in my Métis territories and as visitor in Syilx territory. Understanding this practice of visiting with the Land as restful resistance is essential as it centres and supports the concept that resting is part of the work when we are attempting to build and maintain sustainable communities and activism