Revistas UPO (Universidad Pablo de Olivade)
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Lo que el fuego no se llevó. La orfebrería mixteca como tributo, 1526-1530
Get PDFOnce the indigenous polities located in the great Mixteca (composed of the Alta, Baja and Coastal regions) were granted to certain Spaniards as encomiendas, the tribute had to be paid in workforce and in goods. Gold stood out among the latter, whether in its natural state, melted into pieces or as jewelry. This study focuses on such jewels and gold ornaments, which must have been particularly valuable given the expertise of their makers, the well-known Mixtec goldsmiths. This type of tribute, on the other hand, is considered in this paper in association with a very obscure period, prior to the tax assessments often used by scholars to understand New Spain’s early colonial period.Una vez sujetada la región y establecido el régimen de encomiendas, los señoríos de las Mixtecas Alta, Baja y de la Costa debieron tributar a los españoles parte de su mano de obra y bienes en especie. Entre estos últimos destacó el oro, fuera en su estado natural, en tejos o en joyas. El presente texto centra la atención en estas últimas contribuciones, particularmente valiosas si se piensa en la gran destreza de los orfebres mixtecos. Estos tributos en joyas se estudian, además, en relación a un periodo sumamente temprano, incluso anterior a las conocidas tasaciones de tributos que han permeado tanto en la historiografía sobre el periodo colonial temprano de Nueva España
Movilidad, “cultivo” y comercio de la grana cochinilla en Ixtepeji e Ixtlán, Oaxaca, México (1636-1777)
Get PDFThe goal of this paper is to argue that certain processes of mobility of a group of persons and individuals happened in Ixtepeji and Ixtlán, Oaxaca, in the XVII and XVIII centuries, in two different scales: one to the interior and another interregional, and had a relation with the cultivation and trade of cochineal. The review of the historical documentation allows us to propose that the differences observed in each of these places, can be related to two different commercial circuits: on one hand the repartimiento system and another in which the group of principales to Ixtlán actively participated.En este artículo se busca argumentar que ciertos procesos de movilidad de grupos de personas e individuos ocurridos en Ixtepeji e Ixtlán, Oaxaca, en los siglos XVII y XVIII, ocurrieron en dos diferentes escalas: una interna y otra interregional, y estuvieron relacionados con el “cultivo” y comercio de la grana cochinilla. La revisión de la documentación permite proponer que las diferencias observadas en cada uno de estos lugares, están relacionadas con dos circuitos comerciales distintos de este producto, por un lado, el sistema de repartimiento y otro en el que el grupo de principales de Ixtlán participó activamente
Presentación del dossier: : Oaxaca en movimiento: trayectorias de ideas, mercancías y gentes, siglos XVI al XVIII
Get PDFIntroduction to the dossier composed of seven works by specialists in the history of colonial Oaxaca. The studies share the analytical focus on the exchanges and mobilities that took place in the territory corresponding to the Spanish colonial jurisdiction of the bishopric of Oaxaca, today the state of Oaxaca.
Introducción al dossier integrado por siete trabajos de especialistas en la historia de Oaxaca colonial. Los estudios comparten el enfoque analítico sobre los intercambios y las movilidades que tuvieron lugar en el territorio correspondiente a la jurisdicción colonial española del obispado de Oaxaca, hoy estado de Oaxaca
An integrated analysis of the comparison of regulations for the management and control of Legionella: Legal and experimental perspectives.
Get PDFLegionella is a genus of bacteria that can be found in surface water all over the world, especially in water systems with little movement. This genus of bacteria causes the life-threatening disease legionellosis, which in its mildest form is called Pontiac fever.Legislation on the prevention and control of this microorganisms has been unchanged for many years, and recently (June 2022, implemented in January 2023) the Royal Decree regulating it has been modified. Royal Decree 487/2022 establishes the health requirements for the prevention and control of legionellosis, and repeals Royal Decree 865/2003.The aim of this work is to compare both laws, to find out how the procedures for the treatment of Legionella change, as well as to compare them with the current ISO standards and ministerial guides, and to analyse the royal decree and standards currently in force and the standards and procedures used in Laboratorios Vital.In the initial approaches of this study, gaps were found in the ISO standards (document that explains how to detect and analyse Legionella) that this work aims to fill. Among these gaps, we found that interrupted incubation is not considered as part of the possible procedures for Legionella. The results obtained to fill this gap in particular are the possibility of applying interrupted incubation for Legionella, as the tests carried out did not contemplate significant differences between samples with and without interrupted incubation
Role of pyruvate carboxilase on β cell function.
Get PDFType 2 Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder in the world. It is characterized by insulin resistance and dysfunctionof β cells that results in high blood glucose levels. A critical process in blood glucose homeostasis is glucose-stimulated insulinsecretion (GSIS) from pancreatic beta cells. This process is regulated by a multitud of cofactors, enzymes and metabolicintermediates.Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is an enzyme involved in several metabolic pathways, including oxidative glucose metabolism.Previous studies have revealed high PC activity in mature pancreatic beta cells, which decreases under diabetic conditions,suggesting a link between PC activity and insulin secretion. Previous work from the receptor group indicate that theinactivation of the Pcx gene has a detrimental effect on pancreatic β cells function.In this line of research, a conditional PC knocout mouse model will be used to study its role in insulin secretion. To validate themodel, PC expression in beta cells will be analyzed by TaqMan mRNA expression assays and Western Blot. The PCknockdown mouse model will also be evaluated in vivo by glucose tolerance (GTT) and insulin tolerance (ITT) tests todetermine the impact of reduced PC activity on glucose homeostasis. In addition, immunofluorescence andimmunohistochemistry assays will be performed on the pancreas of this mouse model in order to identify specific markers ofbeta cells. Finally, RNA microarray will be analyzed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.This study will provide a deeper understanding of the role of PC in insulin secretion and β cell function, which could lead to thedevelopment of new therapeutic strategies for treating diabetes type 2
Crimes de ódio, incitação ao ódio e liberdade de expressão: Introdução aos crimes de ódio na Espanha
Get PDFA society based on stereotypes and prejudices becomes a society full of hate. That society incorrectly believes that any expression of ideas or oppositions is protected by the right to freedom of expression, but no. This right has limits. When these discriminatory behaviors harm the dignity of the person, they are a serious infraction that must be sanctioned by our legal system.Una sociedad basada en estereotipos y prejuicios se convierte en una sociedad llena de odio, en la que se cree erróneamente que cualquier expresión o conducta de discriminación está amparada bajo el derecho a la libertad de expresión. Sin embargo, no cabe todo, hay comportamientos discriminatorios que exceden los límites de los derechos fundamentales, como el derecho de la libertad de expresión. Cuando esto ocurre y se traspasan estos límites, nos encontramos ante unas ideas discriminatorias que se han materializado en una infracción que lesiona la dignidad de otra, y por tanto, supone una infracción grave que debe sancionarse por nuestro ordenamiento.Una società basata su stereotipi e pregiudizi diventa una società piena di odio, in cui si crede erroneamente che qualsiasi espressione o comportamento discriminatorio sia protetto dal diritto alla libertà di espressione. Tuttavia, non tutto è lecito: esistono comportamenti discriminatori che superano i limiti dei diritti fondamentali, come il diritto alla libertà di espressione. Quando ciò accade e questi limiti vengono superati, ci troviamo di fronte a idee discriminatorie che si sono concretizzate in una violazione che lede la dignità altrui e che, pertanto, costituisce un reato grave che deve essere punito dal nostro ordinamento.Uma sociedade baseada em estereótipos e preconceitos torna-se uma sociedade cheia de ódio, na qual se acredita erroneamente que qualquer expressão ou comportamento discriminatório está protegido pelo direito à liberdade de expressão. No entanto, nem tudo é válido, existem comportamentos discriminatórios que excedem os limites dos direitos fundamentais, como o direito à liberdade de expressão. Quando isso ocorre e esses limites são ultrapassados, deparamo-nos com ideias discriminatórias que se materializaram numa infração que lesa a dignidade de outra pessoa e, portanto, constitui uma infração grave que deve ser punida pelo nosso ordenamento jurídico
Debate sobre a relevância da cláusula do art. 183 quater cp no caso de «La Arandina»
Get PDFIn this case, three young members of the football club "La Arandina", were tried for acts of a sexual nature carried out with a young girl who, at the time of the events (November 2017), was fifteen years old. The question to be elucidated was whether the sexual relations maintained by this group (consisting of masturbation and fellatio of the three accused and full sexual relations with one of them) were consented to by the minor or, on the contrary, were achieved through the use of violence or intimidation and, therefore, constituted sexual assaults. This question was compounded by the fact that the passive subject was a minor under the age of sixteen. The consent of minors of that age to acts of a sexual nature was (and is) - in accordance with the Spanish legal system in force- in principle irrelevant.En este caso se juzgó a tres jóvenes integrantes del Club de fútbol “La Arandina”, por unos actos de carácter sexual realizados con una joven que, en el momento de los hechos (noviembre de 2017), tenía quince años. La cuestión a dilucidar era si las relaciones sexuales mantenidas por ese grupo (consistentes en masturbaciones y felaciones a los tres acusados y relaciones sexuales completas con uno de ellos), fueron consentidas por la menor o, por el contrario, fueron conseguidas mediante el empleo de violencia o intimidación y, por tanto, constitutivas de agresiones sexuales. Interrogante al que se le sumaba como cuestión de suma trascendencia el que el sujeto pasivo fuera una menor de dieciséis años. El consentimiento de los menores de esa edad a los actos de carácter sexual era (y es) -conforme al sistema normativo español vigente- en principio irrelevante.In questo caso sono stati processati tre giovani membri della squadra di calcio “La Arandina” per atti di natura sessuale compiuti su una ragazza che, al momento dei fatti (novembre 2017), aveva quindici anni. La questione da chiarire era se i rapporti sessuali intrattenuti da quel gruppo (consistenti in masturbazioni e fellatio ai tre imputati e rapporti sessuali completi con uno di loro) fossero stati consensuali da parte della minore o, al contrario, fossero stati ottenuti mediante l'uso di violenza o intimidazione e, quindi, costituissero aggressioni sessuali. A tale interrogativo si aggiungeva, come questione di estrema importanza, il fatto che la vittima fosse una minorenne di sedici anni. Il consenso dei minori di tale età ad atti di natura sessuale era (ed è) - secondo il sistema normativo spagnolo vigente - in linea di principio irrilevante.Neste caso, foram julgados três jovens membros do clube de futebol «La Arandina» por atos de natureza sexual praticados com uma jovem que, na altura dos factos (novembro de 2017), tinha quinze anos. A questão a esclarecer era se as relações sexuais mantidas por esse grupo (consistentes em masturbações e felações aos três acusados e relações sexuais completas com um deles) foram consentidas pela menor ou, pelo contrário, foram obtidas através do uso de violência ou intimidação e, portanto, constituíram agressões sexuais. A esta questão acrescentava-se outra de extrema importância: o facto de a vítima ser uma menor de dezasseis anos. O consentimento de menores dessa idade para atos de natureza sexual era (e é) — de acordo com o sistema normativo espanhol em vigor —, em princípio, irrelevante
Introducción: Bosquejo sobre teorías, praxis políticas y poéticas de los proyectos decoloniales y feministas desde Abya Yala y el Sur Global
Get PDFNuevas dimensiones jurídicas vinculadas a la transición ecológica justa: el derecho medioambiental del trabajo
Get PDFGlobal warming has made environmental preservation a political priority. Since transversality is the problem, the measures to make it effective have been projected in all vital areas. The law has instrumentalized these measures, creating rich environmental regulations, although for years there have been relevant references, not always adequately valued and/or that have been revalued in response to the climate emergency. The socio-labor field, as one of the essential aspects of action to achieve the just ecological transition, has developed a good number of provisions that share the two dimensions, configuring a branch that can be called “socio-labor environmental law.” This work examines the basic regulatory pillars of the just ecological transition, in its multilevel configuration, as well as some references of the growing “environmental right of work.”El calentamiento global ha determinado que la preservación del medioambiente constituya una prioridad política. Dada la transversalidad del problema, las medidas para hacerla efectiva se han proyectado en todos los ámbitos vitales. El derecho ha instrumentalizado estas medidas, apareciendo así una rica normativa medioambiental, si bien desde hace años se cuenta con referentes de relieve, no siempre debidamente valorados y/o que se han revalorizado en atención a la emergencia climática. El ámbito socio-laboral, como una de las vertientes de acción imprescindibles para lograr la transición ecológica justa, ha desarrollado un buen número de previsiones que comparten sendas dimensiones, configurando una rama que puede denominarse “derecho medioambiental socio-laboral”. Este trabajo examina los pilares normativos básicos de la transición ecológica justa, en su configuración multinivel, así como algunos referentes de esta creciente subrama del Derecho del Trabajo