Revistas UPO (Universidad Pablo de Olivade)
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Del archivo al análisis contextual: administración, gestión y control contable en el Real Monasterio de San Clemente de Sevilla en el Siglo XVII
Get PDFThe influence and significant role of religious institutions in the social and economic spheres throughout the centuries is a matter well established in historical scholarship. Building upon this premise, the present study seeks to examine the internal functioning of one such convent during the early modern period through an analysis of its organizational and administrative structures, as reflected in its practices and procedures. The focal point of this research is the Royal Monastery of San Clemente in Seville, a Cistercian nunnery that has maintained continuous activity from its foundation to the present day. To this end, the study draws on original manuscripts preserved in the Archive of the Royal Monastery of San Clemente (ARMSC), dating from the mid-seventeenth century. Particular attention is paid to the hierarchical and organizational structure of the convent, as well as to the external mechanisms of oversight applied to its financial records. Once this case study is established, a critical comparison is undertaken with the ecclesiastical regulations in force at the time, in order to situate the case of San Clemente within a broader institutional and normative framework. This approach enables a more nuanced understanding of both the specificities and shared characteristics of such religious communities. Special emphasis is placed on the roles and responsibilities assigned to key figures such as the Steward and the Abbess, as well as on the supervisory system implemented by the Archbishopric through the practice of canonical Visitations.La influencia y el papel central que han desempeñado las instituciones religiosas desde un punto de vista social y económico a lo largo de los siglos resulta una cuestión fuera de toda duda desde el punto de vista histórico. Partiendo de esta premisa, el objetivo del presente estudio es entender el funcionamiento interno, por medio del conocimiento de la estructura organizativa y administrativa, de uno de esos conventos durante la Edad Moderna en base al estudio de sus usos y procedimientos. En este caso se trata del Real Monasterio de San Clemente de Sevilla, convento de monjas cistercienses desde sus orígenes hasta la actualidad. Para ello, se estudian documentos originales del archivo propio (ARMSC) manuscritos durante los años centrales del siglo XVII, analizando principalmente la estructura jerárquica y organizativa, así como los procedimientos de control externo sobre los registros económicos. Una vez establecido este estudio de caso, se procede a una comparación crítica con la normativa eclesiástica vigente, con el fin de situar el caso sevillano en un contexto institucional y normativo más amplio, que permita valorar sus singularidades y elementos comunes. Cabe destacar el papel y las asignaciones que se le atribuyen tanto al Mayordomo como a la Abadesa, así como el sistema de supervisión que ejercía mediante las Visitas el Arzobispado
Los libros de las tres administraciones de la Catedral de Valencia que gestionaban los diezmos canonicales en el último cuarto del Siglo XVI
Get PDFThis paper describes the accounting management of the canonical tithes assigned to three administrations of Valencia Cathedral—canonical, diner menut, and common rations—which were leased during the four-year period of 1582–1585. However, it focuses on the fiscal year 1585–1586 because its records can serve as an example of the collection and application of these revenues until the end of the 16th century. During this historical period, the same accounts and headings were used to inform the chapter about these transactions. While the accounts were kept using the single-entry bookkeeping method, in the canonical administration this method was modernized and acquired a specific budgetary character. At the same time, a new ledger was created in this administration, which used incomplete double-entry bookkeeping.En este trabajo se describe la gestión contable de los diezmos canonicales asignados a tres administraciones de la catedral de Valencia (canonical, diner menut y raciones comunes) que fueron arrendados en el cuatrienio 1582-1585, pero con referencia al ejercicio 1585-86 porque sus registros pueden servir como ejemplo de los cobros de esas rentas y de sus aplicaciones hasta finales del siglo XVI; pues durante ese período histórico se utilizaron las mismas cuentas y los mismos epígrafes para informar al capítulo sobre dichas transacciones. Si bien, las cuentas se llevaron por el método de la partida simple, pero con la particularidad de que en la administración canonical este método se modernizó y adquirió un particular carácter presupuestario, a la vez que en esta administración se creó un nuevo libro que se llevó por partida doble incompleta
El cómic en la formación académica del bullying: Una selección para los/as estudiantes universitarios de educación
Get PDFOne of the great challenges we have to face as a society is the prevention of bullying. Peer victimization is a problem for the development of a sustainable and quality educational environment (SDG 4: “Quality Education”), with harmful consequences for the health of victimized minors that prevents them from developing adequate well-being (SDG 3: “Good Health and Well-being”). The onset of aggressive behavior among peers is shown in the periods of Early Childhood Education and Primary Education, where the role of the teacher is fundamental. However, the level of training in future teachers on this topic is still scarce. From this it follows the importance of the university having to provide training on this so that teachers are trained to question and reflect on their own practices from a critical thinking, as recognized in the transversal competencies of the SDGs. These premises have led us to select eight comics for training in bullying in teaching students. Reading comics is an innovative tool that we use to stimulate debate, perform case study analysis and, with it, expand specialized knowledge.Uno de los grandes retos que tenemos que enfrentar como sociedad es la prevención del bullying. La victimización entre iguales es un problema para el desarrollo de un entorno escolar sostenible y de calidad educativa (SDG 4: “Quality Education”), con consecuencias perjudiciales para la salud de los menores victimizados que les impide el desarrollo de un adecuado bienestar (SDG 3: “Good Health and Well-being”). El inicio del comportamiento agresivo entre iguales se muestra en los periodos de Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria, donde el papel del maestro es fundamental. Sin embargo, el nivel de formación en futuros maestros en esta temática es aún escaso. De lo que se desprende la importancia de que la universidad deba dar formación al respecto para que los maestros estén capacitados para cuestionar y reflexionar sobre sus propias prácticas desde un pensamiento crítico, tal y como se reconoce en las competencias transversales de los ODS. Estas premisas nos han llevado a seleccionar ocho cómics para la formación en el bullying en estudiantes de magisterio. La lectura de cómics es una herramienta innovadora de la que nos servimos para estimular el debate, realizar análisis de estudios de casos y, con ello, ampliar el conocimiento especializado
Energy potential, nutrients, and contaminants of olive mill solid waste.
Get PDFMotivation: Olive oil production is a key activity in the Mediterranean, with Spain as the world's leading producer. The twophase system generates approximately 4 tons of olive mill solid waste (alpeorujo) for every ton of oil produced. Due to its highorganic matter concentration and pollutant potential, its management represents an environmental challenge (Doula et al., 2021).This study aims to characterize different alpeorujo samples, determine their nutrient and toxic content, and evaluate theirbiochemical methane potential (BMP).Methods: Six alpeorujo samples were collected from three olive mills in Andalusia, including fresh and stored samples. ChemicalOxygen Demand (COD), total and volatile solids, N-NH₃, C/N ratio, protein, and fat content were analyzed. Elementalcomposition was determined using ICP, while polyphenols were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. BMP tests were conducted inErlenmeyer flasks (240 mL) with an inoculum/substrate ratio of 2:1 under anaerobic conditions at 37°C for 20 days. Methaneproduction was measured under standard conditions.Results: Total COD ranged between 300–400 mg O₂/L, with higher solid concentrations in fresh samples due to sedimentation.Alpeorujo exhibited a high C/N ratio (~30) and low protein content. BMP values ranged from 150 to 350 mL CH₄·g VS⁻¹, withhigher methane production in stored samples, indicating that prolonged storage improves biodegradability. It was also observedthat alpeorujo samples containing high-molecular-weight phenols exhibited greater microbial inhibition (El Gnaoui et al., 2020),resulting in lower methane production
Increasing the vitamin E content of virgin olive oil: cloning and molecular characterization of genes involved in the biosynthesis of phytyl-diphosphate in olive fruit.
Get PDFVirgin olive oil (VOO) is characterized by its distinctive organoleptic characteristics and exceptional nutritional properties due to its well-balanced fatty acid composition, as well as the presence of minor components such as natural antioxidants. Among them, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-tocopherols have been detected, with alpha-tocopherol representing more than 95% of the total tocopherol content, which ranges between 50 and 300 mg/kg. VOO with improved functional quality, such as the increase in vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) content, is considered an important target for generating new cultivars in olive breeding programs. With this purpose, the identification of molecular markers associated with high vitamin E content is needed. Therefore, the general objective of this study is to improve the VOO nutritional quality by increasing the alpha-tocopherol content of olive fruit. To achieve this, we focus on the isolation and characterization of genes involved in alpha-tocopherol biosynthesis in olive fruit.
Tocopherols are generated in photosynthetic organisms from the condensation of phytyl-diphosphate (PDP) and homogentisic acid, followed by cyclization and methylation reactions. The precursor PDP can be synthesized from phytol by the successive action of two kinase enzymes, phytol kinase (PK) and phytyl-phosphate kinase (PPK)(1).
In the present work, the identification of olive genes with a high degree of similarity with Arabidopsis PK(2) and PPK(3) genes was carried out using the olive transcriptome and genome. From the identified sequences, a pair of specific oligonucleotides for each sequence were designed and the full-length cDNA clones encoding for olive PK and PPK were obtained using a PCR approach. Alignment of the sequences and phylogenetic analysis indicated that they code for PK and PPK enzymes. In addition, expression analysis by qRT-PCR was performed using different olive tissues, particularly in mesocarp and seeds from Picual and Arbequina at distinct developmental stages, as well as in mesocarp from cultivars with low and high tocopherol content. Furthermore, PK and PPK transcript levels were determined in olive mesocarp from fruits subjected to different abiotic stresses, including water deficit, low and high temperature, darkness, and wounding. Overall, this study constitutes a significant advance in elucidating the factors that regulate the tocopherol biosynthesis in olive fruit to obtain VOO with enhanced alfa-tocopherol content
The iINS-4F mouse: A novel tool to explore the regenerative effect of partial reprogramming in the pancreas.
Get PDFType 1 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease caused by autoinmmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although current therapies allow glycemic control, they do not restore the function of these cells, underscoring the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. In this context, partial reprogramming by transient overexpression of Yamanaka factors (OSKM) has emerged as a promising strategy in regenerative medicine (Chondronasiou et al., 2022).
In this study, we introduce the iINS-4F murine model, designed to induce partial reprogramming specifically in pancreatic β-cells. This model combines the TetOn system with Cre recombinase, allowing controlled activation of OSKM exclusively in β-cells following doxycycline administration. To evaluate its potential, we implemented a partial reprogramming protocol based on short induction cycles in both young and old animals.
We have performed a comprehensive characterization of the iINS-4F model, analyzing the specificity and expression level of OSKM as well as its impact on key β-cell identity markers. Our results reveal an initial phase of transient dedifferentiation, marked by the reversible loss of insulin and Glut2. The ability to recover after a rest period indicates a remarkable flexibility of the system. Furthermore, our data suggest that although age does not subtantially limit reprogramming and recovery, sex could influence the process.
These findings position the iINS-4F model as a valuable tool for the study of partial reprogramming in pancreatic β-cells and open new possibilities for its application in innovative diabetes therapies
Use of brain organoids for the development of new treatments for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
Get PDFAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with no cure, leading to patient death within 2-5 years after symptom onset. As a result, there is a loss of muscle strength that spreads, affecting mobility, speech, swallowing, and breathing, while the senses, intellectual capacity, and eye muscles remain unaffected. Many drugs showing promising results in animal models failed in clinical trials, likely due to poor predictability of human brain responses. Developing more predictive models based on human cells is crucial to advance our understanding of ALS pathophysiology and promoting the development of more effective and safer therapies. Animal experimentation, while widely used, has significant limitationsfor the development of medicines targeting central nervous system and is increasingly questioned for ethical and scientific reasons. In response, brain organoids have emerged as a promising alternative (García-Delgado et al; 2022). Here we show a way to generate a robust ALS model using cortical organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). To enhance model reliability, we have applied a small-molecule-guided protocol that reduces heterogeneity and improve cortical specificity. We applied dual SMAD inhibition using SB431542 and Dosomorphin to reduce non-ectodermal contamination and improve cortical specification. Additionally, we incorporated decellularized extracellular matrix (cECM) (Cho et al; 2021)derived from ALS patients and healthy controls. Cortical-derived cECM, rich in proteoglycans, laminins, and integrins, better mimics the neural niche, enhancing neural differentiation and maturation compared to conventional matrigel (García-Delgado et al; 2024). These advancements establish a highly predictive ALS model for evaluating drug efficacy and safety, driving the development of novel therapies and optimized drug delivery strategies
Análise criminológica da política criminal em El Salvador sob a presidência de Nayib Bukele
No full textThis study delves into the analysis of the criminal policies implemented in El Salvador under the administration of President Nayib Bukele, examining their impact on the fight against gangs and their influence on citizen security, while exploring their implications for human rights and the judicial system. Through a criminological and legal approach, it seeks to understand how these measures have transformed the security landscape in the country, as well as the consequences they have had on Salvadoran society. Since Bukele came to power in 2019, his government has promoted a security strategy characterised by a forceful approach, based on the intensive use of military and police forces, as well as the implementation of a state of emergency that has restricted certain individual freedoms in the name of public order.Este estudio profundiza en el análisis de las políticas criminales implementadas en El Salvador bajo la administración del presidente Nayib Bukele, examinando su impacto en la lucha contra las pandillas y su influencia en la seguridad ciudadana, al mismo tiempo que se exploran sus implicaciones en materia de derechos humanos y el sistema judicial. A través de un enfoque criminológico y jurídico, se busca comprender cómo estas medidas han transformado el panorama de la seguridad en el país, así como las consecuencias que han generado en la sociedad salvadoreña. Desde la llegada de Bukele al poder en 2019, su gobierno ha impulsado una estrategia de seguridad caracterizada por un enfoque contundente, basado en el uso intensivo de fuerzas militares y policiales, así como en la implementación de un estado de excepción que ha restringido ciertas libertades individuales en nombre del orden público.Questo studio si addentra nell'analisi delle politiche criminali attuate in El Salvador sotto l'amministrazione del presidente Nayib Bukele, esaminando il loro impatto sulla lotta alle bande e la loro influenza sulla sicurezza dei cittadini, esplorando al contempo le loro implicazioni per i diritti umani e il sistema giudiziario. Attraverso un approccio criminologico e giuridico, si cerca di capire come queste misure abbiano trasformato il panorama della sicurezza nel Paese, nonché le conseguenze che hanno avuto sulla società salvadoregna. Da quando Bukele è salito al potere nel 2019, il suo governo ha promosso una strategia di sicurezza caratterizzata da un approccio di forza, basato sull'uso intensivo di forze militari e di polizia, nonché sull'attuazione di uno stato di emergenza che ha limitato alcune libertà individuali in nome dell'ordine pubblico.Este estudo se aprofunda na análise das políticas criminais implementadas em El Salvador sob a administração do Presidente Nayib Bukele, examinando seu impacto na luta contra as gangues e sua influência na segurança do cidadão, ao mesmo tempo em que explora suas implicações para os direitos humanos e o sistema judicial. Por meio de uma abordagem criminológica e jurídica, busca-se entender como essas medidas transformaram o cenário da segurança no país, bem como as consequências que tiveram na sociedade salvadorenha. Desde que Bukele chegou ao poder em 2019, seu governo promoveu uma estratégia de segurança caracterizada por uma abordagem enérgica, baseada no uso intensivo de forças militares e policiais, bem como na implementação de um estado de emergência que restringiu certas liberdades individuais em nome da ordem pública
Modelos de identidad en la fotografía mexicana del siglo XIX y su vinculación con los imaginarios de lo nacional.
Get PDFThe establishment of photography in Mexico coincided with a complex process of construction of the new independent nation. Towards the second half of the 19th century, as the use of photography spread in the country, the diverse views behind the lens provided a vision of Mexico in which were recorded the multiple aspects that defined a contemporary reality in conjunction with a great historical past. From photography on travel, expeditionary and archaeological, to the recording of the colonial architectural legacy or the studio portraits that identified Mexican types, photography contributed to shaping images that defined a new identity and at the same time heir to a great past.El establecimiento de la fotografía en México coincidió con un complejo proceso de construcción de la nueva nación independiente. Hacia la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, al tiempo que se extendió el uso de la fotografía en el país, las diversas miradas detrás de la lente proporcionaron una visión de México en la que se registraban con curiosidad los múltiples aspectos que definían una realidad contemporánea con un gran pasado histórico. Desde la fotografía de viaje, expedicionaria y arqueológica, hasta el registro del legado arquitectónico colonial o los retratos de estudio que identificaban tipos mexicanos, la fotografía contribuyó a dar forma a las imágenes que definían una identidad nueva y al mismo tiempo heredera de un gran pasado histórico