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Coastal and Ocean Economic Summaries of the Coastal States 2014
Get PDFThe following summaries of the ocean and coastal economies were prepared by the National Ocean Economics Program as a companion the State of the U.S. Ocean and Coastal Economies 2014. The U.S. report, its appendices, and these state summary reports are available on the NOEP website at www.OceanEconomics.org/download
A Study on Rebuilding the Classification System of the Ocean Economy
Get PDFMany ocean countries have estimated and released the size of the ocean economy or industry. However it is difficult to compare the ocean economy among countries because the definition, classification standard and scope differ by each country. This study aims to provide concrete practical proposals for the definition, classification standard and scope of the ocean economy. With regard to the definition of the ocean economy, a combination of industrial and geographical perspectives is considered at the same time. As a result, the ocean economy is defined as the economic activities that directly or indirectly take place in the ocean, use outputs from the ocean, and put the goods and services into the ocean’s activities. To determine the scope of the ocean economy, about 50 common words are extracted from the cases of 10 ocean country accounts, and 3 characteristics of the scope of the ocean economy are inferred from them. These are ‘in the ocean’, ‘from the ocean’, and ‘to the ocean’. Besides, supply chain and relationship among the ocean economies are considered. According to the newly proposed definition and classification standard, 12 sectors are newly rebuilt as the ocean economy
Assessment of Economic Loss in China from Water Pollution in Chong Ming County near the Yangtze Estuary
Get PDFIt is well-known that the water pollution of the Yangtze River basin is significant. Studies have shown that from the upper river to the lower river, the water volume decreases, the intensity of development is higher, and the pollution is more profound. Studies also find that pollution is even more significant in transboundary areas at the intersection of provinces and large cities. The Yangtze Estuary lies at the end of the lower river of the Yangtze River, where the waters flow directly into the East China Sea. The location is also at the transboundary cross-section of Jiangsu Province and Shanghai. Consequently, the water pollution in this region is the most serious. The Yangtze River Estuary not only provides drinking water to a vast number of people, but it also serves multiple other functions, including agricultural irrigation, tourism, inhabitation and aquaculture, and plays a pivotal role in local social and economic development and in people’s wellbeing in general. Directly or indirectly, the serious pollution of the aquatic environment in Yangtze River Estuary exerts negative influence on the socio-economic function of the Estuary and the neighboring areas. At the same time, the polluted water flows directly into the East China Sea, causing serious pollution and damage to the marine environment. In order to help policymakers and stakeholders have a better appreciation of the heavy economic loss and damage caused by rapid economic development, this paper uses Chong Ming County of Shanghai as the study area, applying the concentration-loss model developed by James. We assess the economic losses caused by water pollution in the Yangtze Estuary from 2005 to 2013. We find that the economic sector most significantly affected by various pollutants is tourism, while the pollutant causing the greatest damage to the various functions of ChongMing County is chemical oxygen demand (COD). Based on this assessment and considering Shanghai’s strategic plan to designate ChongMing County as an “ecotourism county” and the “garden of Shanghai”, we point out that the county has already suffered significant economic loss as a result of the water pollution in the Yangtze Estuary. According to the estimated loss rate, the county has lost almost all of its tourism function and life water function. The inhabitation function also exhibits very severe damage. The loss of these functions also inhibits the development of industries such as catering, hospitality, trade and commerce, culture, etc. We conclude that the economic development of the upper river has brought with it tremendous economic cost and losses suffered by ChongMing County. This will impede significantly the realization of the current strategic goal of Shanghai. Therefore, we offer five suggestions. First, the government should develop a rational management mechanism for the Yangtze Estuary environment. Second, in order to curb with appropriate urgency the pollution of the Yangtze River aquatic environment, the government should develop transboundary compensation mechanisms. Third, researchers in this field should focus on the study of relevant theories and methodologies of assessing economic loss from water pollution. Fourth, educational institutions such as universities should address the needs of society and adjust their curricula to include subjects like environmental statistics, environmental economics, environmental information, environmental management technology, pollutant treatment technology, etc., to train more high-level professionals in relevant fields. Last, professional administration departments should strengthen cooperation with research departments, thus enabling the result of scientific research to play its due part in the real world
The Potential Economic Impacts of the Proposed Central Coast National Marine Sanctuary
Get PDFThe U.S. National Marine Sanctuary designation process is being reopened after 20 years, and coastal communities across the country are being encouraged to submit nominations. In response, there is a proposal for a new California Central Coast Marine Sanctuary, stretching from the Channel Islands to the northern tip of San Luis Obispo County. This report provides our best estimates from available and extrapolated information, of the potential economic impact on San Luis Obispo County, if this proposed National Marine Sanctuary becomes a reality.
Communities seek Sanctuary designation for many reasons, including the preservation of unique cultural and natural resources, permanent prevention of offshore oil and gas development, or improving their local economies. This report focuses on the economic impacts possible from such a designation. Our results show that overall, the proposed Central Coast National Marine Sanctuary could add, at minimum 23 million dollars per year to the local economy and create almost 600 new jobs.
Our estimates draw from four channels of revenue and job generation we investigated: 1. Government expenditures on Sanctuary offices, staff, and infrastructure, as well as additional research money raised by Sanctuary staff 2. Money raised by local NGOs and academics to conduct Sanctuary-related research 3. Increased coastal tourism and the increases in relevant business revenues from it (due to both market signaling and improved ocean and coastal resource stewardship) 4. Increased property values, property taxes, and business, local, state and federal tax revenues due to Sanctuary proximity It is important to note that these totals are conservative estimates and depend on the extent to which a) the Sanctuary staff aggressively market the unique natural, cultural, and historic resources as a focal point for preservation and education, b) the local tourist industry markets the Sanctuary, c) academics and NGOs seek to leverage the Sanctuary for research funding, d) the amounts of funding forthcoming from the Federal Government, and e) the extent to which Sanctuary policies lead to tangible improvements in coastal ecosystems.
A byproduct of this work is an appendix with an extensive bibliography of relevant literature, which we compiled to ensure we used all available information for this report. We hope our report will serve to better inform the local community and help to determine whether the major effort required to submit a nomination for a new Sanctuary designation is in the region’s best interests
State of the U.S. Ocean and Coastal Economies 2014
Get PDFThe nation\u27s coasts and oceans contribute much to the United States economy. For the past 14 years, the National Ocean Economics Program (NOEP), now a program of the Center for the Blue Economy at the Monterey Institute of International Studies, has compiled time-series data that track economic activities, demographics, ports and cargo volume and value, natural resource production and value, non-market values, and federal expenditures in the U.S. coastal zone both on land and in the water. A report on the ocean and coastal economies of the United States was released by NOEP in 2009 covering data through 2005. The present report is an update of that study covering the period 2007-2012. State summaries from this report are available on the NOEP website (www.oceaneconomics.org) under Publications
Miami\u27s South Beach
No full textThe tourism and recreation economic sector has nine industries, with eating & drinking places and hotels & lodging accounting for 94% of 2010 sector employment (NOEP, 2014)https://cbe.miis.edu/homepage_carousel/1017/thumbnail.jp
New Beach House
No full textAdaptations will be necessary in face of Sea Level Rise. This home was rebuilt on the Mississippi coast after Hurricane Katrina struck the area. Courtesy Charles Colgan.https://cbe.miis.edu/homepage_carousel/1015/thumbnail.jp
The Estimation of the Ocean Economy and Coastal Economy in South Korea
Get PDFOver the past 60 years, the South Korean economy has gotten outstanding achievements that would be hard to find around the world. South Korea’s real GDP, which was converted to US dollars using 2011 PPPs, in 2010 was 1,506 billion from 3.8 billion in 1960, and real GDP per capita in 2010 was 29,411 from 1,537 in 1960. The successful paradigm of the South Korean economy has clearly benefitted from export-led development and ready access to common sea lanes.
South Korea is surrounded by the ocean on three sides. It has abundant ocean resources, with its 433,000㎢ of territorial water under its jurisdiction, which is about five times the size of its land. It also possesses 1,914㎞ of coastline and 3,167 of island. In addition, South Korea produces 3 million tons of fish per annum, 99.7% of its trade cargo is transported by the ocean. In other worlds, the ocean resources and ocean industries have played a significant role in the national economy.
Under such circumstances, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MOMAF) was established in 1996 to realize the integrated ocean governance, which was performed by 13 different ministries and administrations. The Basic Act on Marine and Fishery Development (BAMFD) has also been enacted in 2002 by MOMAF to promote the development of the ocean industry, and protect the ocean environment, ocean resources, and ocean jurisdiction. This law became a basis of integrated ocean policies in South Korea. Besides, the 1st Ocean Korea 21 (OK 21) during 2001-2010 was planned by MOMAF in 2000 as a new vision and strategies to cope with the changes in ocean environment, and improve the international competitiveness in ocean power.
But the MOMAF was disassembled by the previous administration in 2008. The functions of maritime transportation, marine environment policy, and so on were transferred to the Ministry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affairs (MLTM), and that of fishery to the Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishery (MIFAFF). In this situation, the MLTM made the 2nd OK 21 during 2011–2020 in 2010. After then, the present administration reestablished the Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries (MOF) in accordance with demand of the people in 2013.
Otherwise, South Korea’s ocean industries including shipbuilding, shipping, offshore platform constructing, and fisheries have achieved enormous improvement. According to the MOMAF’s report, which was written by the Arthur D. Little in 2006, South Korea’s ocean power was the 12th among 40 ocean countries. In the case of the ocean industries, its ship and offshore platform building industry was the top in the world, and shipping and port industry had also world class competitiveness.
However, it is difficult to know the scale and status of the ocean industries in the South Korean national economy. That’s because Korea has not ocean economy statistics systems, and official agency in charge of estimating the ocean economy. Global ocean countries, such as the USA, China, and EU, have ocean economy statistics systems. In the case of the USA, the National Ocean Economic Program (NOEP) has provided a full range of the most current economic and socioeconomic information available on changes and trends along the USA coast and in coastal waters. Especially, NOEP produced the concept of both the ocean economy and coastal economy. But, in Korea, the ocean economy has been estimated whenever the need arose, and the coastal economy hasn’t been estimated yet.
These situations require researchers to provide policy-makers, decision-makers, industry, and general public with reliable information of the ocean economy and coastal economy. So this paper aims to analyze the status of the ocean economy and coastal economy in the South Korean national economy. With these general aims, after this introduction, the second section will introduce the ocean economy and coastal economy, and the cases by country. The third section will analyze the status of the ocean economy in the South Korean national economy, and the fourth section will also show it of the coastal economy. Lastly, the final section will sum up the conclusions
Oil Rigs in Louisiana
No full textOffshore oil production in LA comprised over 500 million barrels in 2010 (State of the U.S. Ocean & Coastal Economies 2014, NOEP). Courtesy of Charles Colgan.https://cbe.miis.edu/homepage_carousel/1009/thumbnail.jp
California King Tides
No full text“King Tides” occur when the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon are in alignment. When these tides happen at the same time as stormy weather, high water levels indicate how climate change might impact our communities in the future. Courtesy King Tide Initiative.https://cbe.miis.edu/homepage_carousel/1025/thumbnail.jp