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Search for light pseudoscalar boson pairs produced from decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson in final states with two muons and two nearby tracks in pp collisions at √s=13TeV
No full textA search is presented for pairs of light pseudoscalar bosons, in the mass range from 4 to 15 GeV, produced from decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson. The decay modes considered are final states that arise when one of the pseudoscalars decays to a pair of tau leptons, and the other one either into a pair of tau leptons or muons. The search is based on proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment in 2016 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV that correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The 2 mu 2 tau and 4 tau channels are used in combination to constrain the product of the Higgs boson production cross section and the branching fraction into 4 tau final state, sigma beta, exploiting the linear dependence of the fermionic coupling strength of pseudoscalar bosons on the fermion mass. No significant excess is observed beyond the expectation from the standard model. The observed and expected upper limits at 95% confidence level on sigma beta, relative to the standard model Higgs boson production cross section, are set respectively between 0.022 and 0.23 and between 0.027 and 0.19 in the mass range probed by the analysis. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V
Constraints on the χ c1 versus χ c2 polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV
No full textPubMed: 32383915The polarizations of promptly produced chi(c1) and chi(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at root s = 8 TeV. The chi(c) states are reconstructed via their radiative decays chi(c) -> J/psi gamma, with the photons being measured through conversions to e(+)e(-), which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the chi(c2) to chi(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/psi -> mu(+)mu(-) decay, in three bins of J/psi transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the hclicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum
Koronavirüs (COVID-19) sürecinde Türkiye'de üniversite kütüphaneleri
No full textBu çalışmanın amacı Koronavirüs salgını sebebi ile dünyadaki ve ülkemizdeki üniversite kütüphanelerinin
süreci nasıl yönettikleri ile ilgili durum tespiti yapmak ve açık bilim ve açık erişim açısından süreç ile ilgili genel bir değerlendirme sunmaktır. Çalışmanın sonuç bölümünde ise salgının hızını kaybetmesi ile birlikte yaşanacak normalleşme sürecine geçiş süreci ile ilgili öneriler getirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
COVID-19 salgının etkisini en yüksek oranda gösterdiği alanlardan biri de eğitim olmuştur. Tüm dünya ülkeleri salgınla mücadelenin en etkin yöntemlerinden birisi olarak sosyal mesafenin korunmasına odaklanmış bu kapsamda büyük katılımlı organizasyonların iptalinin yanında özellikle genç nüfusun hareketliliğini kısıtlamaya özen göstermiş ve tüm yüz yüze eğitim-öğretim faaliyetlerini askıya almış, altyapısı uygun olan ülkeler ve kurumlar ise çevrimiçi uzaktan eğitim programlarını uygulamaya
başlamışlardır.
COVID-19 nedeniyle Türkiye’de örgün eğitime ara veren ülkeler arasında yer almaktadır. Türkiye’de
7.198.987 yükseköğretim öğrencisi olmak üzere toplam 23.173.589 öğrencinin eğitimine ara verilmiş
oldu
Exploring the impact of external shading system on cognitive task performance, alertness and visual comfort in a daylit workplace environment
No full textThe authors examined the effect of external shading system on cognitive performance, alertness and visual comfort of visual display terminal (VDT) users under two realistic office lighting settings in this study. Daylight was the source of illumination being considered as the most significant and preferred one. A total of 26 participants performed visual and cognitive demanding tasks as well as providing subjective alertness, performance and visual evaluations in a full-scale mock-up VDT workstation. Two trials (with and without shading system) were executed during one experimental session. Results revealed that the use of a shading system improves the performance of a user on colour-naming task requiring sustained attention, while no differential effects were observed on tasks involving other cognitive skills such as search velocity and vigilance. Within-subject performance differences were more pronounced during morning hours. Higher performance was reported in some cognitive tests when the subjective sensation of visual discomfort was lower
The effect of core height on energy absorbing capacity in aluminum corrugated sandwich panels
No full textIn this study, energy absorbing capacity of brazed and polyurethane adhesively bonded corrugated aluminum sandwich panels were investigated. In sandwich panels, Al 1050 H14 trapezoidal zig-zag corrugated cores and face and interlayer sheets were used. Each sandwich panel has core orientation of 0 degrees/0 degrees or 0 degrees/90 degrees. The cores used in these panels were smaller, core height is about 3 mm, in contrast to conventional sandwich cores. Impact tests were conducted at 3 and 6 m/s with spherical projectors. Adhesively bonded sandwich panels were also tested at 6 m/s with flat and conical projectors. Numerical models were prepared in LSDYNA to investigated the deformation behavior of cores. Panels tested with flat and conical projectors experienced complete perforation and absorbed more energy at configuration of 0 degrees/0 degrees core orientation. However, panels tested with spherical projectors were not perforated and they absorbed more energy at configuration of 0 degrees/90 degrees core orientation. Energy absorbing capacity of the panels were also compared to the panels having 9 mm height corrugated cores. The results showed that effective collapsing length was seen to increase due to increase in core height and impact energy distributed the whole panel surface more homogenous manner
Conversion of Biomass to Organic Acids by Liquefaction Reactions Under Subcritical Conditions
No full textPubMed: 32117866Recently, liquefaction of biomass in subcritical water to convert it into value-added substances has been broadly attracting attention. However, there is a gap in literature about the levulinic acid, which is a high worth substance, production from biomass using subcritical water. As a green chemistry approach, decomposition of biomass could be obtained using subcritical water effectively. In this case, water uses as a solvent so that it gives a possibility to take place a reaction for the decomposition of biomass. Subcritical water, which liquid water and its temperature is higher than the normal boiling point of water, has higher ion product as well as higher concentrations of H+ and OH- ions. Additionally, it has high diffusivity, low viscosity and much lower dielectric constant. For instance, whereas dielectric constant of subcritical water is 80 at 298 K, it is 2 at 673 K. The point of this research paper is to assess the impacts of different reaction parameters on cellulose conversion as the principle segment of lignocellulosic biomasses for the production of value-added chemicals, particularly levulinic acid. Hazelnut shell waste was chosen as model biomass since hazelnut is a standout amongst the most cultivated agricultural crops in Turkey. Besides, Turkey provide 70% of the world's total hazelnut production. It was found that as reaction temperature increases, a considerable improvement on the amount of formed levulinic acid and conversion of hazelnut shell was observed. For instance, when the reaction temperature, time and acid concentration were 280 degrees C, 120 min and 50 mM, respectively, levulinic acid yield and conversion of hazelnut shell were found as 13.05 and 65.40%, respectively. Addition of H2SO4 enhanced the production of levulinic acid from waste hazelnut shell. Another method which is hybrid process could be used to produce value-added chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. Hybrid process basically combines hydrolysis and electrolysis in subcritical water. Subcritical water has much lower dielectric constant than liquid water at ambient temperature. So, it was claimed that if constant current was applied to the reaction medium through specially designed electrodes in subcritical water environment, electrolysis could alter the hydrolysis reaction of cellulose in a way of protonation of intra-and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding around anode and as a result electrolysis in subcritical water could decrease necessary thermal energy to hydrolyze the beta(1-4) glycosidic linkage. Therefore, we developed a green hybrid process by combining hydrolysis and electrolysis in subcritical water without using any toxic, organic solvents and catalyst. Effects of especially applied current and temperature on the product distribution and conversions of cellulose were revealed and hydrothermal electrolysis reaction pathway of cellulose was proposed. The significance of the interaction indicated that, applied voltage had major impact on cellulose hydrolysis. Maximum cellulose conversion (82%) was achieved at 230 degrees C and 180 min of reaction time in 25 mM of H2SO4. Application of 8.0 V of applied voltage to the reaction medium at reaction temperature of 230 degrees C increased the TOC conversion (50.3%) with acid concentration of 25 mM in comparison with current-free experiments. Thus, the idea of electrochemically generated acid layer due to the dissociation of water around anode is supported. As future perspective, the output of the study gave an idea about converting cellulose and various biomass wastes, which may have high cellulose, content and led the way in obtaining valuable chemicals from no utilized real biomass sources such as hazelnut shell waste. The studies with other biomasses are undergoing
Measurements with silicon photomultipliers of dose-rate effects in the radiation damage of plastic scintillator tiles in the CMS hadron endcap calorimeter
No full textMeasurements are presented of the reduction of signal output due to radiation damage for two types of plastic scintillator tiles used in the hadron endcap (HE) calorimeter of the CMS detector. The tiles were exposed to particles produced in proton-proton (pp) collisions at the CERN LHC with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to a delivered luminosity of 50 fb(-1) . The measurements are based on readout channels of the HE that were instrumented with silicon photomultipliers, and are derived using data from several sources: a laser calibration system, a movable radioactive source, as well as hadrons and muons produced in pp collisions. Results from several irradiation campaigns using Co-60 sources are also discussed. The damage is presented as a function of dose rate. Within the range of these measurements, for a fixed dose the damage increases with decreasing dose rate
Biyogörüntülüme uygulamaları için politiyofen-poliüretan yumuşak nanoparçacıkların sentezi
No full textThesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Chemistry, Izmir, 2020Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 82-86)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and EnglishIn this study, synthesis of fluorescent polythiophene and polyurethane soft nanoparticles carrying them was carried out for bioimaging applications. Conjugated polythiophenes and polyurethane derivatives were obtained by changing their structural properties such as size, charge, and group, and were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, dynamic functional light scattering, fluorescent microscopy, methods. In the study, changing characteristics of polyurethane nanoparticle materials were investigated depending on the synthesis conditions. Synthesis of polyurethane nanoparticles was carried out by miniemulsion polymerization technique and synthesized as nanosphere to be more controllable on nanoparticle size, morphology and stability. The sizes of the polyurethane nanospheres varied in the range from 10 to 500 nm. Polyelectrolyte-polyelectrolyte complexation was investigated using cationic polythiophene-anionic polythiophene for use in bioimaging applications. Synthesized conjugated polythiophenes are divided into two groups as anionic and cationic polythiophenes. In this thesis, three kinds of cationic polythiophene synthesis are included, but poly (1,4-dimethyl-1- (3- ((4-methylthiophene-3-yl) oxy) propyl) piperazine-1-ium bromide) (PT4) was used as cationic conjugated polythiophene in the studies. Anionic polythiophene acetic acid (PTAA) was used as a counter-charged polythiophene. In addition to these studies, dual-mode imaging agents were prepared, consisting of PTAA as fluorescent agent and gadolinium metals as magnetic agent. The bioimaging studies continued under conditions imitating biological systems, and the potential of the proposed bioimaging agents was investigated.Bu çalışmada biyogörüntüleme uygulamaları için floresan politiyofen ve onları taşıyan poliüretan yumuşak nanoparçacıkların sentezi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Konjuge politiyofenler ve poliüretan türevleri, boyut, yük, fonksiyonel grup gibi yapısal özellikleri değiştirilerek elde edilmiş ve nükleer manyetik rezonans, kızıl ötesi spektroskopi, dinamik ışık saçılması, floresan mikroskop, metotları ile karakterize edilmiştir. Çalışmada, sentez koşullarına bağlı olarak poliüretan nanoparçacık malzemelerin değişen karakteristik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Poliüretan nanoparçacıkların sentezi, nanoparçacık boyutu, morfolojisi ve stabilitesi üzerinde daha kontrol edilebilir olması için miniemülsiyon polimerizasyon tekniği ile gerçekleştirilmiş ve nanoküre olarak sentezlenmiştir. Elde edilen poliüretan nanokürelerin boyutları 10-500 nm aralığında değişmektedir. Biyogörüntüleme uygulamalarında kullanmak için katyonik politiyofen-anyonik politiyofen polielektrolit-polielektrolit kompleksleşmesi incelenmiştir. Sentezlenmiş konjuge politiyofenler, anyonik ve katyonik politiyofenler olarak iki gruptadır. Bu tezde üç çeşit katyonik politiyofen sentezine yer verilmiştir ancak poli (1,4-dimetil-1- (3- ((4-metiltiofen-3-il) oksi) propil) piperazin-1-ium bromür) (PT4) çalışmalarda katyonik konjuge politiyofen olarak kullanılmıştır. Anyonik politiyofen asetik asit (PTAA) karşıt yüklü politiyofen olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmalara ek olarak, floresan ajan olarak PTAA ve manyetik ajan olarak gadolinyum metallerden oluşan çift modlu görüntüleme ajanları hazırlanmıştır. Biyolojik sistemleri taklit eden koşullar altında biyogörüntüleme çalışmaları devam edilerek önerilen biyogörüntüleme ajanlarının potansiyeli araştırılmış ve uygulama alanlarına yönelik ön çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir.TUBITAK (MFAG/117F243-KBAG/116Z547
Reconstruction of signal amplitudes in the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter in the presence of overlapping proton-proton interactions
No full textAzarkin, Maxim/0000-0002-7448-1447; Wulz, Claudia-Elisabeth E/0000-0001-9226-5812; Meridiani, Paolo/0000-0002-8480-2259; Tiras, Emrah/0000-0002-5628-7464; Bagliesi, Giuseppe/0000-0003-4298-1620; Guler, Y./0000-0001-7598-5252; Minafra, Nicola/0000-0003-4002-1888; Yazgan, Efe/0000-0001-5732-7950; De Guio, Federico/0000-0001-5927-8865; Ricca, Giuseppe Della/0000-0003-2831-6982; Lezki, Samet/0000-0002-6909-774X; Gonzalez, Barbara Alvarez/0000-0001-7767-4810; Danilov, Mikhail/0000-0001-9227-5164; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Demiroglu, Zuhal Seyma/0000-0001-7977-7127; Steggemann, Jan/0000-0003-4420-5510; Andreev, Vladimir F/0000-0002-5492-6920; Cortezon, Jose Enrique Palencia/0000-0001-8264-0287; Ferencek, Dinko/0000-0001-9116-1202; Lopez, Oscar Gonzalez/0000-0002-4532-6464; Demiroglu, Zuhal Seyma/0000-0001-7977-7127; Malawski, Maciej/0000-0001-6005-0243; Habibullah, Redwan/0000-0002-3161-8300; Loukas, Dimitris/0000-0002-7431-3857; Sen, F. Aydogmus/0000-0003-1434-2143; TOPAKSU, Aysel KAYIS/0000-0001-5819-6913; Bortignon, Pierluigi/0000-0002-5360-1454; Blekman, Freya/0000-0002-7366-7098; Ligabue, Franco/0000-0002-1549-7107; Bartosik, Nazar/0000-0002-7196-2237; CAKIR, Altan/0000-0002-8627-7689; Fallavollita, Francesco/0000-0003-2315-2499; Tcherniaev, Evgueni/0000-0002-3685-0635; Duarte, Javier/0000-0002-5076-7096; Obertino, Maria Margherita/0000-0002-8781-8192; Terkulov, Adel/0000-0003-4985-3226; Giacomelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6368-7220; Raidal, Martti/0000-0001-7040-9491; Sharma, Varun/0000-0003-1287-1471; Ghosh, Saranya/0000-0001-6717-0803; Sanchez Navas, Sergio/0000-0001-6129-9059; Brigljevic, Vuko/0000-0001-5847-0062; Pastrone, Nadia/0000-0001-7291-1979; Sculac, Toni/0000-0002-9578-4105; Haller, Johannes/0000-0001-9347-7657; Myronenko, Volodymyr/0000-0002-3984-4732; Mitra, Soureek/0000-0002-3060-2278; Zucchetta, Alberto/0000-0003-0380-1172; Kasemann, Matthias/0000-0002-0429-2448; D'Hondt, Jorgen/0000-0002-9598-6241; Golf, Frank/0000-0003-3567-9351; Amendola, Chiara/0000-0002-4359-836X; Konecki, Marcin/0000-0001-9482-4841; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Collard, Caroline/0000-0002-5230-8387; Fiorendi, Sara/0000-0003-3273-9419; Ecklund, Karl/0000-0002-6976-4637; Taylor, Lucas/0000-0002-6584-2538; Poudyal, Nabin/0000-0003-4278-3464; Jafari, Abideh/0000-0001-7327-1870; Consuegra Rodriguez, Sandra/0000-0002-1383-1837; Heindl, Maximilian/0000-0002-2831-463X; Rolandi, Luigi (Gigi)/0000-0002-0635-274X; Marzocchi, Badder/0000-0001-6687-6214; Shah, Aashaq/0000-0002-6157-2016; Dragicevic, Marko/0000-0003-1967-6783; Benitez, Jose Feliciano/0000-0002-2633-6712; Kothekar, Kunal/0000-0001-5102-4326; Grandi, Claudio/0000-0001-5998-3070; Giammanco, Andrea/0000-0001-9640-8294; Naimuddin, Md/0000-0003-4542-386X; Pantaleo, Felice/0000-0003-3266-4357; Ince Lezki, Merve/0000-0001-6907-0195; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Ruiz, Jose/0000-0002-3306-0363; Bachiller, IreneBachiller/0000-0002-3721-4876; Rizzi, Andrea/0000-0002-4543-2718; Gershtein, Yuri/0000-0002-4871-5449; Wilson, Graham/0000-0003-0917-4763; Grohsjean, Alexander/0000-0003-0748-8494; Shopova, Mariana/0000-0001-6664-2493; Schroder, Matthias/0000-0001-8058-9828; Schulte, Jan-Frederik/0000-0003-4421-680X; Sanchez-Hernandez, Alberto/0000-0001-9548-0358; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014; Wu, Zhenbin/0000-0003-2165-9501; Alves, Gilvan/0000-0002-8369-1446; Frankenthal, Andre/0000-0002-2583-5982; Smith, Wesley/0000-0003-3195-0909; Conway, John/0000-0003-2719-5779; Akgun, Bora/0000-0001-8888-3562; Wang, Dayong/0000-0002-9013-1199; Backhaus, Malte/0000-0002-5888-2304; Schwandt, Joern/0000-0002-0052-597X; Ruiz Jimeno, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Dogra, Sunil/0000-0002-0812-0758; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Shchutska, Lesya/0000-0003-0700-5448; Cadamuro, Luca/0000-0001-8789-610X; Navarro-Tobar, Alvaro/0000-0003-3606-1780; Tavernier, Stefaan/0000-0002-6792-9522; Leon Holgado, Jaime/0000-0002-4156-6460; Belforte, Stefano/0000-0001-8443-4460; Vischia, Pietro/0000-0002-7088-8557; Bhowmik, Sandeep/0000-0003-1260-973X; ASILAR, Ece/0000-0001-5680-599X; Bartok, Marton/0000-0002-4440-2701; Gomez, Gervasio/0000-0002-1077-6553; Reis, Thomas/0000-0003-3703-6624; Kreczko, Luke/0000-0003-2341-8330; Fernandez Perez Tomei, Thiago Rafael/0000-0002-1809-5226; Tonelli, Guido Emilio/0000-0003-2606-9156; Cassese, Antonio/0000-0003-3010-4516; Mnich, Joachim/0000-0001-7242-8426; Vilela Pereira, Antonio/0000-0003-3177-4626; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Calligaris, Luigi/0000-0002-9951-9448; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; Androsov, Konstantin/0000-0003-2694-6542; Sagir, Sinan/0000-0002-2614-5860; Klanner, Robert/0000-0002-7004-9227; Haddad, Yacine/0000-0003-4916-7752; d'Enterria, David/0000-0002-5754-4303; Li, Qiang/0000-0002-8290-0517; Pieri, Marco/0000-0003-3303-6301; Delaere, Christophe/0000-0001-8707-6021; Rappoccio, Salvatore/0000-0002-5449-2560; Botta, Cristina/0000-0002-8072-795X; Chapon, Emilien/0000-0001-6968-9828; Zanetti, Marco/0000-0003-4281-4582; Palladino, Vito/0000-0002-9786-9620; Bodek, Arie/0000-0003-0409-0341; Gerosa, Raffaele/0000-0001-8359-3734; Moon, Chang-Seong/0000-0001-8229-7829; Fernandez Bedoya, Cristina/0000-0001-8057-9152; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Trevisani, Nicolo/0000-0002-5223-9342; Kayis Topaksu, Aysel/0000-0002-3169-4573; Murillo Quijada, Javier Alberto/0000-0003-4933-2092; Rossi, Biagio/0000-0002-0807-8772; Blumenfeld, Barry/0000-0003-1150-1735; Gonzalez Caballero, Isidro/0000-0002-8087-3199; YOON, INSEOK/0000-0002-3491-8026; Padula, Sandra S./0000-0003-3071-0559; Zuolo, Davide/0000-0003-3072-1020; Puerta Pelayo, Jesus/0000-0001-7390-1457; Gandrajula, Reddy Pratap/0000-0001-9053-3182; Govoni, Pietro/0000-0002-0227-1301; Joshi, Yagya/0000-0002-0651-1878; Piperov, Stefan/0000-0002-9266-7819; Tully, Christopher/0000-0001-6771-2174; Hamel de Monchenault, Gautier/0000-0002-3872-3592; CHANG, PAO-TI/0000-0003-4064-388X; Martinez Ruiz del Arbol, Pablo/0000-0002-7737-5121; Redondo, Ignacio/0000-0003-3737-4121; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Tosi, Nicolo/0000-0002-0474-0247; Vartak, Adish/0000-0003-1507-1365; Waltenberger, Wolfgang/0000-0002-6215-7228; Manca, Elisabetta/0000-0001-8946-655X; Dallavalle, Gaetano Marco/0000-0002-8614-0420; Moraes, Arthur/0000-0002-5157-5686; David, Pieter/0000-0001-9260-9371; Dominguez, Aaron/0000-0002-7420-5493; Caputo, Claudio/0000-0001-7522-4808; Ptochos, Fotios/0000-0002-3432-3452; Krikler, Benjamin/0000-0001-9712-0030; FORD, WILLIAM/0000-0001-8703-6943; Bloom, Kenneth/0000-0002-4272-8900; Martelli, Arabella/0000-0003-3530-2255; Van Onsem, Gerrit/0000-0002-1664-2337; Vormwald, Benedikt/0000-0003-2607-7287; Robert, Schoefbeck/0000-0002-2332-8784; Zenz, Seth/0000-0002-9720-1794; Wardle, Nicholas/0000-0003-1344-3356; Abbiendi, Giovanni/0000-0003-4499-7562; Everaerts, Pieter/0000-0003-3848-324X; Bernardes, Cesar Augusto/0000-0001-5790-9563; Lange, Clemens/0000-0002-3632-3157; Kole, Gouranga/0000-0002-3285-1497; Klein, Daniel/0000-0001-9143-5162; Staiano, Amedeo/0000-0003-1803-624X; Watson, Ian/0000-0003-2141-3413; Harb, Ali/0000-0001-5750-3889; CUFFIANI, Marco/0000-0003-2510-5039; Cepeda, Maria/0000-0002-6076-4083; Attia Mahmoud, Mohammed/0000-0001-8692-5458; Migliore, Ernesto/0000-0002-2271-5192; Shevchenko, Rostyslav/0000-0002-3236-4090; Dharmaraatna, Welathantri/0000-0002-6366-837X; Ebrahimi, Aliakbar/0000-0003-4472-867X; Forthomme, Laurent/0000-0002-3302-336X; Hurtado Anampa, Kenyi/0000-0002-9779-3566; Tavolaro, Vittorio Raoul/0000-0003-2518-7521; Krintiras, Georgios Konstantinos/0000-0002-0380-7577; Galli Mercadante, Pedro/0000-0001-8333-4302; Cavallari, Francesca/0000-0002-1061-3877; Bols, Emil Sorensen/0000-0002-8564-8732; Zorbakir, Ibrahim Soner/0000-0002-5962-2221; Cristella, Leonardo/0000-0002-4279-1221; Faccioli, Pietro/0000-0003-1849-6692; Zhang, Zhicai/0000-0002-1630-0986; Mora Herrera, Maria Clemencia/0000-0003-3915-3170; Lethuillier, Morgan/0000-0001-6185-2045; Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; Felcini, Marta/0000-0002-2051-9331; Fernandez Menendez, Javier/0000-0002-5213-3708; ALCARAZ MAESTRE, JUAN/0000-0003-0914-7474; Ricci-Tam, Francesca/0000-0001-9750-7702; Hall, Geoffrey/0000-0002-6299-8385; Kiminsu, Ugur/0000-0001-6940-7800; Usai, Emanuele/0000-0001-9323-2107; Fernandez Ramos, Juan Pablo/0000-0002-0122-313X; Sosa Ricardo, Rafael Eduardo/0000-0002-2240-6699; Garcia, Francisco/0000-0002-4023-7964; Heath, Helen/0000-0001-6576-9740; lee, jason/0000-0002-2153-1519; Belloni, Alberto/0000-0002-1727-656X; Dewanjee, Ram Krishna/0000-0001-6645-6244; Litov, Leandar/0000-0002-8511-6883; Monaco, Vincenzo/0000-0002-3617-2432; Snoeys, Walter/0000-0003-3541-9066; Heredia de la Cruz, Ivan/0000-0002-8133-6467; Alverson, George/0000-0001-6651-1178; Feld, Lutz/0000-0001-9813-8646; Soares, Mara/0000-0001-9676-6059; mohammed, yasser/0000-0001-8399-3017; Tapper, Alexander/0000-0003-4543-864X; Zghiche, Amina/0000-0002-1178-1450; Ulrich, Ralf/0000-0002-2535-402X; Popov, Andrey/0000-0002-1207-0984; Petrucciani, Giovanni/0000-0003-0889-4726; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; Levchuk, Leonid/0000-0001-5889-7410; Saka, Halil/0000-0001-7616-2573; Malik, Sudhir/0000-0002-6356-2655; Spagnolo, Paolo/0000-0001-7962-5203; Costa, Salvatore/0000-0001-9919-0569; Goy Lopez, Silvia/0000-0001-6508-5090; Tinoco Mendes, Andre David/0000-0001-5854-7699; Sharma, Ram Krishna/0000-0003-1181-1426; Verweij, Marta/0000-0002-1504-3420; Mousa, Jehad/0000-0002-2978-2718; Massironi, Andrea/0000-0002-0782-0883; Vami, Tamas Almos/0000-0002-0959-9211; Lange, Johannes/0000-0001-7513-6330; Beaudette, Florian/0000-0002-1194-8556; Lucchini, Marco Toliman/0000-0002-7497-7450; Kyberd, Paul/0000-0002-7353-7090; Schonenberger, Myriam/0000-0002-6508-5776; Mitselmakher, Guenakh/0000-0001-5745-3658; Viliani, Lorenzo/0000-0002-1909-6343; Landsberg, Greg/0000-0002-4184-9380; Csanad, Mate/0000-0002-3154-6925; Rabbertz, Klaus/0000-0001-7040-9846; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Tholen, Heiner/0000-0002-2299-2421; Pfeiffer, Andreas/0000-0001-5328-448X; Benato, Lisa/0000-0001-5135-7489; Lawhorn, Jay/0000-0002-8597-9259; Nguyen, Thong Q./0000-0003-3954-5131; Tosi, Silvano/0000-0002-7275-9193; Heikkila, Jaana/0000-0002-0538-1469; Buchanan, James/0000-0001-8207-5556; Chauhan, Shubhanshu/0000-0002-6544-5794; Kim, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Mrenna, Stephen/0000-0001-8731-160X; Garutti, Erika/0000-0003-0634-5539; Starling, Elizabeth/0000-0002-4399-7213A template fitting technique for reconstructing the amplitude of signals produced by the lead tungstate crystals of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter is described. This novel approach is designed to suppress the contribution to the signal of the increased number of out-of-time interactions per beam crossing following the reduction of the accelerator bunch spacing from 50 to 25 ns at the start of Run 2 of the LHC. Execution of the algorithm is sufficiently fast for it to be employed in the CMS high-level trigger. It is also used in the offline event reconstruction. Results obtained from simulations and from Run 2 collision data (2015-2018) demonstrate a substantial improvement in the energy resolution of the calorimeter over a range of energies extending from a few GeV to several tens of GeV.FWFAustrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRSFonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPqNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPESCAPES; FAPERJCarlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGSFoundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); MoST; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, PUT; ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of FinlandAcademy of Finland; MEC; CEAFrench Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBFFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFGGerman Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAEDepartment of Atomic Energy (DAE); DSTDepartment of Science & Technology (India); IPM; SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); MOEMinistry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MHESR); UM (Malaysia); BUAP; CONACYTConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (NewZealand); MSHE; FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); RosAtom; RFBRRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI; FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEKMinistry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; DOEUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie programEuropean Union (EU); European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC); Horizon 2020 Grant [675440, 752730, 765710]; Leventis Foundation; A.P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science -EOSFWO [30820817]; Beijing Municipal Science & Technology CommissionBeijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission [Z191100007219010]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany's Excellence StrategyGerman Research Foundation (DFG) [EXC 2121]; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of SciencesHungarian Academy of Sciences [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105, 128713, 128786, 129058]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU) [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861]; Sonata-bis [2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Ministry of Science and Higher EducationMinistry of Science and Higher Education, Poland [a03.21.0005]; Tomsk Polytechnic University Competitiveness Enhancement Program [FSWW-2020-0008]; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis and Aristeia programs; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University; Kavli Foundation; Nvidia Corporation; SuperMicro Corporation; Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.)We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, PUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (NewZealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.).; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 752730, and 765710 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science -EOS" -be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany's Excellence Strategy -EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe" -390833306; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105, 128713, 128786, and 129058 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, project no. 02.a03.21.0005 (Russia); the Tomsk Polytechnic University Competitiveness Enhancement Program and "Nauka" Project FSWW-2020-0008 (Russia); the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.)
Local vibrational modes of natural isotopes of substitutional oxygen in CdTe
No full textWe investigated the localized vibrational modes (LVM) of natural oxygen containing and isotopes at a substitutional tellurium site in cadmium telluride using infrared absorption spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures. The main absorption peak observed at 350 cm ?1 was formerly attributed to a fundamental LVM mode (?0) of oxygen at a tellurium site. The relatively weak absorption peaks observed at 331 and 340 are assigned as the same mode of the and isotopes, respectively, based on their relative intensities and spectral positions. The spectral positions were confirmed with theoretical calculations using a linear chain model where the peak position at 350 was taken as the reference for the isotope. From a least square analysis of the observed peak positions we were able to calculate the force constants from perturbation theory. A Lorentzian line shape analysis of each absorption peak, considering the effects of isotopic mass and natural abundance variations of the host Cd atoms, was also carried out to further confirm their assignments. Reasonably good line shape fittings were obtained for modes of all isotopes of oxygen