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Poliester-polietilenimin bazlı jelin katman katman reaktif kaplama ile altın yüzeyin modifikasyonu
No full textThesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Chemistry, Izmir, 2020Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 58-65)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and EnglishPolymeric gels defined as soft and solid-like systems that enable to retain a large volume of solvent and their high molecular weight provides long-term stability without crystallization. Therefore, the use of polymeric gels in the fields of energy and sensor technologies has become advantageous. In this thesis, the polymeric gel is successfully synthesized on the gold surface by Aza-Michael addition reaction of the polyester scaffold with a triple covalent bond and branched polyethyleneimine which is a secondary amine source. The polyester-polyethyleneimine based gel was generated on the isocyanate functionalized gold surface by using the grafting-to methodology. The morphology of the surface and thickness of the coating can be adjusted by layer-by-layer reactive coating on the gold surface of polymer structures. Electroactive properties are acquired for different application areas of the synthesized gels. To provide modular electron transfer, polyethyleneimine was modified with ferrocene carboxaldehyde prior to obtaining gel on the surface. The gel interface on the gold surface will increase the surface area and activity due to its three-dimensional structure and adjustable morphology. The number of the immobilized structures, the electroactive species in a unit area and electron transfer increases. The modified electrode surfaces coating yields and electroactivity examined with electrochemical methods, Cyclic Voltammetry and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The morphological properties investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy. Additionally, polyester-based gels lithium-ion conductivity was investigated. Dissociation of lithium perchlorate in the gel and enhancing the conductivity was investigated. Indium tin oxide coated glasses were used as an electrode to characterize lithium ion conductivity.Polimerik jeller yüksek hacimde çözücü tutabilen yumuşak ve katı benzeri yapılardır. Yüksek moleküler ağırlıkları, polimerik jellere kristalleşmeden uzun süreli stabilite sağlar. Bu nedenle polimerik jellerin enerji ve sensor teknolojilerinde kullanılması avantajlıdır. Bu tezde, üçlü kovalent bağ içeren poliester iskele ve ikincil amin kaynağı olan dallı polietilenimin Aza-Michael katılma tepkisi vererek altın yüzey üzerinde polimerik jel başarıyla oluşturulmuştur. İzosiyanat grupları ile fonksiyonlandırılmış altın yüzey üzerinde aşılama metodu ile poliester-polietilenimin bazlı jel oluşturulmuştur. Polimer yapıların altın yüzeyine katman katman reaktif kaplanması ile yüzeyin morfolojisi ve oluşturulan kaplamanın kalınlığı ayarlanabilinir. Sentezlenen jellerin farklı uygulama alanlarına yönelik elektroaktif özellikler kazandırılmıştır. Modüler elektron transferini sağlamak için, yüzey üzerinde jel elde edilmeden önce polietilenimin, ferrosen karboksaldehid ile modifiye edildi. Altın yüzeyindeki jel ara yüzü, üç boyutlu yapısı ve ayarlanabilir morfolojisi nedeniyle yüzey alanını ve aktivitesini artıracaktır. İmmobilize yapıların sayısı, birim alandaki elektroaktif türler ve elektron transferinin artar. Modifiye edilmiş elektrot yüzeylerin kaplama verimleri ve elektroaktiviteleri elektrokimyasal yöntemlerle incelenmiştir, Döngüsel Voltametri ve Elektrokimyasal Empedans Spekstroskopisi. Morfolojik özellikler Atomik Kuvvet Mikroskobu tarafından incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, polyester bazlı jellerin lityum-iyon iletkenliği de araştırılmıştır. Jel içindeki lityum perkloratın ayrılması ve iletkenliğin arttırılması araştırıldı. Lityum iyon iletkenliğini karakterize etmek için indiyum kalay oksit kaplı camlar elektrot olarak kullanıldı
Rethinking Types: A Proposal For a Pedagogy in Architectural Design Studios
No full textMimarlık disiplini içinde farklı zaman dilimlerinde tekrarlanan bir tartışma konusu olarak karşımıza çıkan tip ve tipoloji kavramları makalenin ana konusunu oluşturur. Tasarım süreçlerine dair analitik bir kavram olarak tanımlanabilecek tip için çeşitli tanımlar bulunsa da, tasarımcıların tipleri nasıl araçsal hale getirip kullandığı farklılıklar gösterir. Bu makalede öncelikle tip üzerine birikmiş literatüre dair kısa bir döküm sunulacaktır. Ardından, farklı dönemlerde tipleri tasarım uygulamaları içerisinde ana eksene alan mimarların işlerinden bahsedilecektir. Kuram ve uygulama yaklaşımları üzerinden gidilerek, tipleri tasarım süreçleri içerisinde ana eksene alan bir tasarım stüdyosu pedagojisinin ana hatlarına yer verilecektir. Son olarak, tiplerin tasarım süreçlerindeki rolü üzerine kısa bir değerlendirme sunulacaktır.Typology -as an analytical concept to inform our understanding of design- has been a recurring theme in architecture. While there are several canonical sources to conceptualize the idea of type, how designers frame the term and instrumentalize it varies significantly. The paper initially provides a quick account of the trajectory of typological approaches, particularly in architecture, and provides a range of formulations offered by both theoreticians and practitioners. Then, a range of cases –involving both historic and contemporary practices- will be elaborated to demonstrate how the notion of type is manifested in the work of key designers. Building up on the diverse formulations of type in existing literature, the paper offers an instrumental conceptualization of type in the context of design studio pedagog
A novel inhibitor for KRASG12C mutant lung carcinoma
No full textMutations in KRAS are among the most common aberrations in cancer. However, despite considerable research efforts, KRAS remains a challenging therapeutic target. In recent years, there has been a drive to develop KRAS mutant specific drugs. Among the different known mutations, the KRASG12C (glycine 12 to cysteine) has been considered druggable. Studies have shown that due in part to the close proximity of Cysteine 12 to both the nucleotide pocket and the switch regions, thiol-reactive compounds can bind to the active site covalently and inhibit KRASG12C mutation-driven signaling. The absence of this particular cysteine residue in wild-type KRAS makes such an approach very selective towards cancer cells. We have discovered that derivatives of 6-(naphthale-1-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (klavuzon) have potent inhibitory effects over KRASG12C due to their thiol-reactive property
Pileup mitigation at CMS in 13 TeV data
No full textWulz, Claudia-Elisabeth E/0000-0001-9226-5812; Demiroglu, Zuhal Seyma/0000-0001-7977-7127; Minafra, Nicola/0000-0003-4002-1888; Bartosik, Nazar/0000-0002-7196-2237; Andreev, Vladimir F/0000-0002-5492-6920; Azarkin, Maxim/0000-0002-7448-1447; Ferencek, Dinko/0000-0001-9116-1202; Gonzalez, Barbara Alvarez/0000-0001-7767-4810; Meridiani, Paolo/0000-0002-8480-2259; Blekman, Freya/0000-0002-7366-7098; Fallavollita, Francesco/0000-0003-2315-2499; Cortezon, Jose Enrique Palencia/0000-0001-8264-0287; Lopez, Oscar Gonzalez/0000-0002-4532-6464; Tcherniaev, Evgueni/0000-0002-3685-0635; Obertino, Maria Margherita/0000-0002-8781-8192; Lezki, Samet/0000-0002-6909-774X; Tiras, Emrah/0000-0002-5628-7464; TOPAKSU, Aysel KAYIS/0000-0001-5819-6913; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Guler, Y./0000-0001-7598-5252; Barria, Patrizia/0000-0002-3924-7380; CAKIR, Altan/0000-0002-8627-7689; Ligabue, Franco/0000-0002-1549-7107; Yazgan, Efe/0000-0001-5732-7950; Malawski, Maciej/0000-0001-6005-0243; Steggemann, Jan/0000-0003-4420-5510; 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Padula, Sandra S./0000-0003-3071-0559; Massironi, Andrea/0000-0002-0782-0883; Golf, Frank/0000-0003-3567-9351; Trevisani, Nicolo/0000-0002-5223-9342; Alves, Gilvan/0000-0002-8369-1446; Heath, Helen/0000-0001-6576-9740; Martelli, Arabella/0000-0003-3530-2255; Cristella, Leonardo/0000-0002-4279-1221; Staiano, Amedeo/0000-0003-1803-624X; Botta, Cristina/0000-0002-8072-795X; Heindl, Maximilian/0000-0002-2831-463X; Gomez, Gervasio/0000-0002-1077-6553; Schulte, Jan-Frederik/0000-0003-4421-680X; Garutti, Erika/0000-0003-0634-5539; Wang, Dayong/0000-0002-9013-1199; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Navarro-Tobar, Alvaro/0000-0003-3606-1780; Migliore, Ernesto/0000-0002-2271-5192; Govoni, Pietro/0000-0002-0227-1301; Tosi, Silvano/0000-0002-7275-9193; Klein, Daniel/0000-0001-9143-5162; Mitra, Soureek/0000-0002-3060-2278; Martinez Ruiz del Arbol, Pablo/0000-0002-7737-5121; David, Pieter/0000-0001-9260-9371; Alverson, George/0000-0001-6651-1178; Galli Mercadante, Pedro/0000-0001-8333-4302; Kasemann, Matthias/0000-0002-0429-2448; Murillo Quijada, Javier Alberto/0000-0003-4933-2092; Usai, Emanuele/0000-0001-9323-2107; Tully, Christopher/0000-0001-6771-2174; Zucchetta, Alberto/0000-0003-0380-1172; Akgun, Bora/0000-0001-8888-3562; Bravo, Cameron/0000-0003-1102-8247; Keaveney, James/0000-0003-0766-5307; Starling, Elizabeth/0000-0002-4399-7213; Fernandez Ramos, Juan Pablo/0000-0002-0122-313X; Autermann, Christian/0000-0002-0057-0033; Sanchez Navas, Sergio/0000-0001-6129-9059; Fernandez Perez Tomei, Thiago Rafael/0000-0002-1809-5226; Krintiras, Georgios Konstantinos/0000-0002-0380-7577; Shchutska, Lesya/0000-0003-0700-5448; Schroder, Matthias/0000-0001-8058-9828; Bhandari, Rohan/0000-0001-5888-955X; Bhowmik, Sandeep/0000-0003-1260-973X; Rabbertz, Klaus/0000-0001-7040-9846; Gozzelino, Andrea/0000-0002-6284-1126; Soares, Mara/0000-0001-9676-6059; Buchanan, James/0000-0001-8207-5556; Fiorendi, Sara/0000-0003-3273-9419; Gershtein, Yuri/0000-0002-4871-5449; Stober, Fred/0000-0003-2620-3159; Brigljevic, Vuko/0000-0001-5847-0062; Joshi, Yagya/0000-0002-0651-1878; Petrucciani, Giovanni/0000-0003-0889-4726; Vartak, Adish/0000-0003-1507-1365; Harrendorf, Marco Alexander/0000-0003-3563-9093; Kim, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Belforte, Stefano/0000-0001-8443-4460; Conway, John/0000-0003-2719-5779; Mnich, Joachim/0000-0001-7242-8426; Bernardes, Cesar Augusto/0000-0001-5790-9563; Jafari, Abideh/0000-0001-7327-1870; Frankenthal, Andre/0000-0002-2583-5982; Manca, Elisabetta/0000-0001-8946-655X; Kyberd, Paul/0000-0002-7353-7090; Chauhan, Shubhanshu/0000-0002-6544-5794; Van Onsem, Gerrit/0000-0002-1664-2337; Kreczko, Luke/0000-0003-2341-8330; Levchuk, Leonid/0000-0001-5889-7410; Moon, Chang-Seong/0000-0001-8229-7829; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Cassese, Antonio/0000-0003-3010-4516; Amendola, Chiara/0000-0002-4359-836X; Tholen, Heiner/0000-0002-2299-2421; Sculac, Toni/0000-0002-9578-4105; Verweij, Marta/0000-0002-1504-3420; Poudyal, Nabin/0000-0003-4278-3464; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Backhaus, Malte/0000-0002-5888-2304; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Zorbakir, Ibrahim Soner/0000-0002-5962-2221; Popov, Andrey/0000-0002-1207-0984; Hurtado Anampa, Kenyi/0000-0002-9779-3566; Reis, Thomas/0000-0003-3703-6624; Belloni, Alberto/0000-0002-1727-656X; Sanchez-Hernandez, Alberto/0000-0001-9548-0358; Kole, Gouranga/0000-0002-3285-1497; Bloom, Kenneth/0000-0002-4272-8900; Ruiz, Jose/0000-0002-3306-0363; Chapon, Emilien/0000-0001-6968-9828; Moraes, Arthur/0000-0002-5157-5686; Forthomme, Laurent/0000-0002-3302-336X; Zhang, Zhicai/0000-0002-1630-0986; Androsov, Konstantin/0000-0003-2694-6542; Redondo, Ignacio/0000-0003-3737-4121; Vischia, Pietro/0000-0002-7088-8557; Vami, Tamas Almos/0000-0002-0959-9211; Barnyakov, Alexander/0000-0002-8556-6622; Shopova, Mariana/0000-0001-6664-2493; Lange, Clemens/0000-0002-3632-3157; Dubinin, Mikhail/0000-0002-7766-7175; ALCARAZ MAESTRE, JUAN/0000-0003-0914-7474; Ghosh, Saranya/0000-0001-6717-0803; Dewanjee, Ram Krishna/0000-0001-6645-6244; Dallavalle, Gaetano Marco/0000-0002-8614-0420; Wu, Zhenbin/0000-0003-2165-9501; Taylor, Lucas/0000-0002-6584-2538; Naimuddin, Md/0000-0003-4542-386X; Landsberg, Greg/0000-0002-4184-9380; Goy Lopez, Silvia/0000-0001-6508-5090; Lange, Johannes/0000-0001-7513-6330; Rappoccio, Salvatore/0000-0002-5449-2560; Tinoco Mendes, Andre David/0000-0001-5854-7699; Li, Qiang/0000-0002-8290-0517; Malik, Sudhir/0000-0002-6356-2655; Fernandez Bedoya, Cristina/0000-0001-8057-9152; Cadamuro, Luca/0000-0001-8789-610X; Kiminsu, Ugur/0000-0001-6940-7800; Klanner, Robert/0000-0002-7004-9227; Pfeiffer, Andreas/0000-0001-5328-448X; Monaco, Vincenzo/0000-0002-3617-2432; Mora Herrera, Maria Clemencia/0000-0003-3915-3170; Lagarde, Francois/0000-0001-6990-0398; Ramirez Garcia, Mateo/0000-0002-4564-3822; Grandi, Claudio/0000-0001-5998-3070; Shah, Aashaq/0000-0002-6157-2016; Giammanco, Andrea/0000-0001-9640-8294; Feld, Lutz/0000-0001-9813-8646; Bartok, Marton/0000-0002-4440-2701; Litov, Leandar/0000-0002-8511-6883; d'Enterria, David/0000-0002-5754-4303; Zanetti, Marco/0000-0003-4281-4582; Bodek, Arie/0000-0003-0409-0341; Lethuillier, Morgan/0000-0001-6185-2045; Dharmaraatna, Welathantri/0000-0002-6366-837X; Heredia de la Cruz, Ivan/0000-0002-8133-6467; Waltenberger, Wolfgang/0000-0002-6215-7228; Smith, Wesley/0000-0003-3195-0909; Saka, Halil/0000-0001-7616-2573; Snoeys, Walter/0000-0003-3541-9066; Pieri, Marco/0000-0003-3303-6301; Grunewald, Martin/0000-0002-5754-0388; Tavernier, Stefaan/0000-0002-6792-9522; Zevi Della Porta, Giovanni/0000-0003-0495-6061; Abbiendi, Giovanni/0000-0003-4499-7562; Viliani, Lorenzo/0000-0002-1909-6343; Gandrajula, Reddy Pratap/0000-0001-9053-3182; Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; Sharma, Varun/0000-0003-1287-1471; Myronenko, Volodymyr/0000-0002-3984-4732; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828XWith increasing instantaneous luminosity at the LHC come additional reconstruction challenges. At high luminosity, many collisions occur simultaneously within one proton-proton bunch crossing. The isolation of an interesting collision from the additional "pileup" collisions is needed for effective physics performance. In the CMS Collaboration, several techniques capable of mitigating the impact of these pileup collisions have been developed. Such methods include charged-hadron subtraction, pileup jet identification, isospin-based neutral particle "delta beta" correction, and, most recently, pileup per particle identification. This paper surveys the performance of these techniques for jet and missing transverse momentum reconstruction, as well as muon isolation. The analysis makes use of data corresponding to 35.9 fb(-1) collected with the CMS experiment in 2016 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The performance of each algorithm is discussed for up to 70 simultaneous collisions per bunch crossing. Significant improvements are found in the identification of pileup jets, the jet energy, mass, and angular resolution, missing transverse momentum resolution, and muon isolation when using pileup per particle identification.FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGS (Brazil)Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); MoST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; CSF (Croatia); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBF (Germany)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFG (Germany)German Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAE (India)Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); DST (India)Department of Science & Technology (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); RosAtom (Russia); RFBR (Russia)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI (Spain); FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEK (Turkey)Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU (Ukraine); DOE (U.S.A.)United States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF (U.S.A.)National Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie program (European Union)European Union (EU); European Research Council (European Union)European Union (EU)European Research Council (ERC); Horizon 2020 Grant (European Union)European Union (EU) [675440, 752730, 765710]; Leventis Foundation; A.P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); FWO (Belgium)FWO [30820817]; Beijing Municipal Science & Technology CommissionBeijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission [Z191100007219010]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany's Excellence Strategy -EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe"German Research Foundation (DFG) [390833306]; HungarianAcademy of Sciences (Hungary)Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU); National Science Center (Poland)National Science Centre, PolandNational Science Center, Poland [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Ministry of Science and Education (Russia) [14.W03.31.0026]; Tomsk Polytechnic University Competitiveness Enhancement Program (Russia); Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-20150509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis program; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand); Kavli Foundation; Nvidia Corporation; SuperMicro Corporation [C-1845]; NKFIA (Hungary) [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105, 128713, 128786, 129058]; BMBWF (Austria); CERN; CAS (China)Chinese Academy of Sciences; MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); ERC IUT (Estonia)Estonian Research Council; PUT (Estonia); HIP (Finland); MSIP (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV (Mexico); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE (Poland); NSC (Poland); MON (Russia); RAS (Russia)Russian Academy of Sciences; NRC KI (Russia); CPAN (Spain); PCTI (Spain); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter (Thailand); IPST (Thailand); STAR (Thailand); STFC (United Kingdom)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); F.R.S.-FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; NewNational Excellence Program UNKP (Hungary); Ministry of Science and Higher EducationMinistry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; "Nauka" Project (Russia) [FSWW-2020-0008]; Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.); Aristeia programWe congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, PUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.).; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 752730, and 765710 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS andFWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of ScienceEOS"-be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany's Excellence Strategy -EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe" -390833306; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the HungarianAcademy of Sciences, theNewNational Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105, 128713, 128786, and 129058 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, theNational Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Ministry of Science and Education, grant no. 14.W03.31.0026 (Russia); the Tomsk Polytechnic University Competitiveness Enhancement Program and "Nauka" Project FSWW-2020-0008 (Russia); the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-20150509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; theWelch Foundation, contract C-1845; and theWeston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.)
Phytohormone release by three isolated lichen mycobionts and the effects of indole-3-acetic acid on their compatible photobionts
No full textKranner, Ilse/0000-0003-4959-9109; Holzinger, Andreas/0000-0002-7745-3978PubMed: 33223597Evidence is emerging that phytohormones represent key inter-kingdom signalling compounds supporting chemical communication between plants, fungi and bacteria. The roles of phytohormones for the lichen symbiosis are poorly understood, particularly in the process of lichenization, i.e. the key events which lead free-living microalgae and fungi to recognize each other, make physical contact and start developing a lichen thallus. Here, we studied cellular and extracellularly released phytohormones in three lichen mycobionts, Cladonia grayi, Xanthoria parietina and Tephromela atra, grown on solid medium, and the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on their respective photobionts, Asterochloris glomerata, Trebouxia decolorans, Trebouxia sp. Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) we found that mycobionts produced IAA, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). IAA represented the most abundant phytohormone produced and released by all mycobionts, whereas SA was released by X. parietina and T. atra, and JA was released by C. grayi only. With a half-life of 5.2 days, IAA degraded exponentially in solid BBM in dim light. When IAA was exogenously offered to the mycobionts' compatible photobionts at "physiological" concentrations (as released by their respective mycobionts and accumulated in the medium over seven days), the photobionts' water contents increased up to 4.4%. Treatment with IAA had no effects on the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, dry mass, and the contents of photosynthetic pigments and alpha-tocopherol of the photobionts. The data presented may be useful for designing studies aimed at elucidating the roles of phytohormones in lichens.Austrian Science Fund (FWF)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FWFAustrian Science Fund (FWF) [P32092-B32, I1951-B16]Open access funding provided by Austrian Science Fund (FWF).; We also thank the FWF for financial support (grants P32092-B32 to IK and I1951-B16 to AH)
Alteration in redox homeostasis in early-onset Tay-Sachs disease mouse model
No full text16th Annual Research Meeting of the WORLDSymposium(TM); FEB 10-14, 2020; Orlando, FLTay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessively inherited lysosomal disorder. It is caused by mutations on the HEXA gene encoding α-subunit of β-Hexosaminidase A enzyme. The enzyme normally catalyzes GM2 to GM3 conversion but when it is absent or dysfunctional the GM2 degradation is interrupted. The undegraded GM2 ganglioside is progressively accumulated especially in neurons and causes neurodegenaration at the end. The Hexa−/− mice generated as Tay-Sachs model was nearly normal and a bypass mechanism mediated by a sialidase was suggested. Recently we determined that Neu3 sialidase involves in ganglioside degradation in the Tay-Sachs disease pathology and the Hexa−/-Neu3−/− mice mimic the neuropathologic and clinical phenotype of the disease. It was reported that oxidative stress is triggered in neurodegenerative diseases and several lysosomal disorders. It is caused by the imbalance between antioxidant defence mechanism and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Using the Turkish Red Pine Tree to Monitor Heavy Metal Pollution
No full textOzyigit, Ibrahim Ilker/0000-0002-0825-5951; YALCIN, IBRAHIM ERTUGRUL/0000-0003-3140-7922Turkish red pine is an evergreen tree species widely distributed in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions in Turkey. In the present work, the heavy metal pollution level in Istanbul was investigated using Turkish red pine as a biomonitor. For determining heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni and Pb) in leaf (unwashed and washed) and bark samples of Turkish red pine and its co-located soil samples we used ICP-OES. Additionally, particulate matter profiles of the research areas were investigated. The samples were collected from 5 different localities: 4 from the Bosporus region (Yildiz Grove, Fethi Pasha Grove, Baltalimani Grove and Mihrabad Grove) and one from Prince Island, also known as Buyukada (as control). According to our measurements, the highest heavy metal accumulations (in mg kg(-1) DW) in plant part samples were measured between 1.526 +/- 0.012 and 1.639 +/- 0.015 for Cd, 0.543 +/- 0.007 and 0.600 +/- 0.009 for Co, 5.110 +/- 0.064 and 5.648 +/- 0.072 for Cr, 9.347 +/- 0.105 and 10.331 +/- 0.111 for Mn, 7.483 +/- 0.091 and 8.271 +/- 0.096 for Ni, and 13.848 +/- 0.159 and 14.950 +/- 0.167 for Pb, while the highest heavy metal accumulations (in mg kg(-1) DW) in soil samples were measured between 1.813 +/- 0.021 and 1.974 +/- 0.029 for Cd, 6.326 +/- 0.082 and 6.992 +/- 0.091 for Co, 22.017 +/- 0.284 and 23.685 +/- 0.301 for Cr, 268.333 +/- 3.153 and 297.361 +/- 3.529 for Mn, 15.194 +/- 0.176 and 16.792 +/- 0.193 for Ni, and 68.778 +/- 0.715 and 74.514 +/- 0.883 for Pb. The highest outdoor particulate matter levels (in mu g/m(3)) in research areas were also determined as 27.103 for fine (PM2.5) and 67.792 for coarse (PM10) aerosols. The findings revealed that Turkish red pine could accumulate noteworthy amounts of heavy metals
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Presents Multiple Vital Changes in Its Proteome in the Presence of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid, a Promising Antimicrobial Agent
No full textSoyer, Ferda/0000-0001-8307-1258PubMed: 32832748Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a widely distributed opportunistic pathogen, is an important threat to human health for causing serious infections worldwide. Due to its antibiotic resistance and virulence factors, it is so difficult to combat this bacterium; thus, new antimicrobial agents are in search. 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3-HPAA), which is a phenolic acid mostly found in olive oil wastewater, can be a promising candidate with its dose-dependent antimicrobial properties. Elucidating the molecular mechanism of action is crucial for future examinations and the presentation of 3-HPAA as a new agent. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of 3-HPAA on P. aeruginosa and its action mechanism was investigated via shot-gun proteomics. The data, which are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXDO16243, were examined by STRING analysis to determine the interaction networks of proteins. KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis via the DAVID bioinformatics tool was also performed to investigate the metabolic pathways that undetected and newly detected groups of the proteins. The results displayed remarkable changes after 3-HPAA exposure in the protein profile of P. aeruginosa related to DNA replication and repair, RNA modifications, ribosomes and proteins, cell envelope, oxidative stress, as well as nutrient availability. 3-HPAA showed its antimicrobial action on P. aeruginosa by affecting multiple bacterial processes; hence, it could be categorized as a multitarget antimicrobial agent.Izmir Institute of Technology Research Fund [2014IYTE22]The authors thank Prof. Dr. Talat Yalcin for generously providing his expertise and support for LC-ESI-MS/MS and MASCOT analyses. This work was funded by the Izmir Institute of Technology Research Fund (Project #2014IYTE22) to F.S., and a Ph.D. grant to O.O.O. by the Izmir Institute of Technology. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE86,87 partner repository
Farklı gözenek özelliklerine sahip farklı boyutlardaki mezoporlu silika nanoparçacıkların zeta potansiyelinin deneysel ve nümerik incelenmesi
No full textThesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology, Izmir, 2020Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 55-62)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and EnglishMesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) are utilized by many applications due to their high surface to volume ratio, tunable pore size, low toxicology, and colloidal stability. These properties make silica nanoparticles good candidates for targeted drug delivery applications. Targeted drug delivery steps include cellular internalization, endosomal escape, and cargo release to the selective tissue. The geometric properties of MSN such as particle size, pore size, and porosity, as well as surface chemistry and resulting surface charge density determine the MSN behavior in these steps. This study examines the influence of particle size, pore size, and porosity of an MSN to its surface zeta potential. We performed both numerical and experimental investigations. The zeta potential of various MSNs at different salt concentrations was calculated by solving the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equation with active surface charge boundary conditions considering surface chemistry. We validated our multi-ion model through experiments. Results indicate that zeta potential exhibits a strong dependence on particle size, pore size, and porosity. By increasing porosity and/or pore size, the absolute average zeta potential decreased up to 25% from the theoretical predictions. Second, zeta potentials of silica particles at different sizes and surface areas were experimentally measured at different salt concentrations. Particles were systematically characterized by measuring particle size using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), analyzing chemical properties using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), measuring surface area using Brunauer– Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and imaging using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A well-dispersed solution in colloidal stability was obtained by systematically tuning corresponding parameters. The absolute average zeta potential was found to increase with a decrease in particle size, while zeta potential was found to decrease with a decrease in surface area at a constant particle diameter, similar to numerical calculations.Mezopor silika nanoparçacıkları (MSN) yüksek yüzey / hacim oranı, ayarlanabilir gözenek boyutu, düşük toksikoloji ve koloidal stabilitesi nedeniyle birçok uygulama tarafından kullanılmaktadır. Bu özellikler, silika nanopartiküllerini, hedeflenen ilaç verme uygulamaları için iyi adaylar kılar. Hedeflenen ilaç verme aşamaları arasında hücresel içselleştirme, endozomal kaçış ve seçici dokuya kargo salımı yer alır. MSN'in parçacık boyutu, gözenek boyutu ve gözeneklilik gibi geometrik özellikleri, yüzey kimyası ve sonuçta oluşan yüzey yük yoğunluğu bu adımlarda MSN davranışını belirler. Bu çalışma, bir MSN'nin parçacık büyüklüğü, gözenek boyutu ve gözenekliliğinin yüzey zeta potansiyeline etkisini incelemektedir. Hem sayısal hem de deneysel araştırmalar yapıldı. Farklı tuz konsantrasyonlarında çeşitli MSN'lerin zeta potansiyeli, yüzey kimyası göz önünde bulundurularak, Poisson-Nernst-Planck denkleminin aktif yüzey yükü sınır koşulları ile çözülmesiyle hesaplanmıştır. Çok iyonlu modelimizi deneylerle doğruladık. Sonuçlar, zeta potansiyelinin parçacık boyutu, gözenek boyutu ve gözenekliliğe güçlü bir bağımlılık gösterdiğini göstermektedir. Gözenekliliği ve/veya gözenek boyutunu artırarak, mutlak ortalama zeta potansiyelini teorik tahminlerden% 25'e kadar azalmıştır. İkinci olarak, farklı boyutlarda ve yüzey alanlarındaki silika parçacıklarının zeta potansiyelleri, farklı tuz konsantrasyonlarında deneysel olarak ölçülmüştür. Parçacıklar sistematik olarak Dinamik Işık Saçılımı (DLS) kullanılarak parçacık boyutunun ölçülmesi, Fourier Dönüşümü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi (FTIR) kullanılarak kimyasal özelliklerin analiz edilmesi, Brunauer – Emmett – Teller (BET) analizi kullanılarak yüzey alanının ölçülmesi ve Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu ( SEM) ile görüntü alınması gibi deneysel adımlara tabi tutulmuştur. Kolloidal stabilitede iyi dağılmış bir çözelti, karşılık gelen parametrelerin sistematik olarak ayarlanmasıyla elde edildi. Mutlak ortalama zeta potansiyelinin parçacık boyutunda bir azalma ile arttığı, zeta potansiyelinin ise sayısal hesaplamalara benzer şekilde sabit bir parçacık çapındaki yüzey alanında bir azalma ile azaldığı bulunmuştur.TUBITAK (MAG/118M710
The Utilization of Plum Stones for Pellet Production and Investigation of Post-Combustion Flue Gas Emissions
No full textDolzynska, Magdalena/0000-0002-4745-5972; Yildiz, Guray/0000-0001-7399-0605Agri-food waste is generated at various food cycle stages and is considered to be a valuable feedstock in energy systems and chemical syntheses. This research identifies the potential and suitability of a representative agri-food waste sample (i.e., plum stones) as a solid fuel. Ground plum stones containing 10, 15, and 20 wt.% of rye bran were subjected to pelletization. The pelletizer was operated at 170, 220, and 270 rpm, and its power demand for the mixture containing 20 wt.% of rye bran was 1.81, 1.89, and 2.21 kW, respectively. Such pellets had the highest quality in terms of their density (814.6 kg.m(-3)), kinetic durability (87.8%), lower heating value (20.04 MJ.kg(-1)), and elemental composition (C: 54.1 wt.%; H: 6.4 wt.%; N: 0.73 wt.%; S: 0.103 wt.%; Cl: 0.002 wt.%; O: 38.2 wt.%). Whole plum stones and pellets were subjected to combustion in a 25 kW retort grate boiler in order to determine the changes in the concentrations of NO, SO2, CO, CO2, HCl, and O-2 in the post-combustion flue gas. Collected results indicate that plum stone-rye bran pellets can serve as effective substitutes for wood pellets in prosumer installations, meeting the Ecodesign Directive requirements for CO and NO.Polish Ministry of Science and Higher EducationMinistry of Science and Higher Education, Poland [S/WBiIS/2/15]The work was carried out as part of statutory work no. S/WBiIS/2/15 and financed by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education