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Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu olan çocuklara verilen bilişsel davranış terapisi temelli psikoeğitimin; çocukların yaşam kalitesi, ansiyete ve depresyon üzerine etkisi
Get PDFDikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu tanısı almış çocuk ve ergenlerin işlevsel kayıplarla ve durumsal olumsuzluklarla başa çıkma becerilerini geliştirmek amacıyla uygulanan bilişsel davranış terapisi temelli psikoeğitim programının yaşam kalitesi, anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerinde oluşturabileceği değişikliklerin belirlemesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma, ön test/son test olacak şekilde, tek kör randomize kontrollü deneysel bir tasarım ile planlanmıştır. Araştırma verileri, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Hastanesi Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi Bölümü'nde, 25 Eylül 2023 ile 29 Ağustos 2024 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Girişim grubu (n:37) ve kontrol grubu (n:36) çocuk ve ergen ile ebeveynleri olarak çalışma kapsamına alınmıştır. Veri toplama araçları olarak, araştırmacı tarafından alanyazı taraması yapılarak hazırlanan Sosyo-Demografik Bilgi Formu, Çocuklarda Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği ve Çocuklarda Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği Yenilenmiş Çocuk/Ebeveyn Formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, girişim grubuna yönelik olarak 8 oturumdan oluşan bilişsel davranış terapisi temelli bir psikoeğitim programı hazırlanmış ve uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubuna ise herhangi bir hemşirelik girişiminde bulunulmamıştır. Kontrol grubunda, ön test ve son test ölçümlerinde yaşam kalitesinin düşük, anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerinin ise yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Girişim grubuna uygulanan bilişsel davranış terapisi temelli psikoeğitim sonrasındaki ölçümler, grup içindeki ön test ölçümleriyle karşılaştırıldığında, yaşam kalitesinde anlamlı bir artış gözlemlenmiş, ayrıca anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerinde de anlamlı bir azalma saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Girişim grubunun yaşam kalitesi, anksiyete ve depresyon düzeyleri, ön test ölçümleri kontrol grubuyla benzerlik göstermektedir (p>0,05). Ancak psikoeğitim uygulaması sonrasında, kontrol grubuna göre girişim grubunda son test ölçümlerinde yaşam kalitesi düzeylerinde anlamlı bir artma, anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerinde ise anlamlı bir azalma tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Elde edilen bulgular, bilişsel davranış terapisi temelli uygulanan psikoeğitimin duygusal iyileşme sağlama potansiyeli olan bir tedavi yöntemi olduğunu ve Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu tanılı çocukların psikolojik iyilik durumları üzerinde olumlu etkiler yaratabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Anahtar kelimeler: Bilişsel Davranış Terapisi, Yaşam Kalitesi, Anksiyete, Depresyon, Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite BozukluğuIt was conducted to determine the changes that can be created in the quality of life, anxiety and depression levels of a cognitive behavioral therapy-based psychoeducation program applied to children and adolescents diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder to improve their coping skills with functional losses and situational negativities. The study was planned with a single-blind randomized controlled experimental design as pre-test/post-test. The research data were collected between September 25, 2023 and August 29, 2024 at the Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Health Practice and Research Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. The intervention group (n: 37) and the control group (n: 36) were included in the study as children and adolescents and their parents. The Socio-Demographic Information Form, Quality of Life Scale in Children and the Renewed Child/Parent Form of the Anxiety and Depression Scale in Children, prepared by the researcher after a literature review, were used as data collection tools. In the study, an 8-session cognitive behavior therapy-based psychoeducation program was prepared and implemented for the intervention group. No nursing intervention was performed in the control group. In the control group, it was determined that the quality of life was low and the anxiety and depression levels were high in the pre-test and post-test measurements. When the measurements after the cognitive behavior therapy-based psychoeducation applied to the intervention group were compared with the pre-test measurements within the group, a significant increase in the quality of life was observed, and a significant decrease in anxiety and depression levels was also detected (p<0.05). The quality of life, anxiety and depression levels of the intervention group were similar to the control group in the pre-test measurements. (p>0.05). However, after the psychoeducation application, a significant increase in the quality of life was observed in the intervention group compared to the control group in the post-test measurements, and a significant decrease in anxiety and depression levels was also detected (p<0.05). The findings show that psychoeducation based on cognitive behavioral therapy is a treatment method that has the potential to provide emotional healing and can have positive effects on the psychological well-being of children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Keywords: Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Quality of Life, Anxiety, Depression, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorde
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults: From Research to Clinical Practice
No full textAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that persists into adulthood. We provide an overview of prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment. Future directions highlight key areas of progress. ADHD is not always an early childhood onset disorder; it may emerge as an impairing condition during the adolescent years. Transition from child to adult services is poor and greater efforts are needed to ensure effective treatment during this critical stage. There are sex differences in the expression of ADHD. Related to this, the diagnosis of ADHD is often missed in girls but is increasingly recognized in adult life. The impact of emotional instability as a core feature of ADHD on mental health is widely recognized. It is still the case that ADHD is often misdiagnosed for other common mental health conditions, and greater awareness of ADHD is needed among health care professionals. Prominent comorbidities include substance use and sleep problems. Finally, we consider the cognitive and neural processes that explain persistence of ADHD. The balance of default mode to task positive network activity may lead to core symptoms such as spontaneous mind wandering, and the role of saliency on task performance. © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024. All rights are reserved
The Economic Impacts of Climate Change
No full textClimate change profoundly impacts global economies, particularly the agricultural sector, through altered temperature and precipitation patterns, threatening food security and economic stability. This research examines climate change's effects on agriculture and economic growth, proposing mitigation policies. Methodologically, it analyzes the climate- economy relationship theoretically and empirically. Findings reveal declining agricultural productivity, disrupted supply chains, and increased natural disasters, necessitating a transition to sustainable energy and agriculture. Global collaboration and steadfast policies are crucial for addressing climate change, ensuring both economic prosperity and environmental sustainability. © 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved
On ?-1-absorbing primary submodules
No full textIn this article, we introduce ϕ-1-absorbing primary submodules of modules over commutative rings. Let R be a commutative ring with a nonzero identity and M be a nonzero unital module. ϕ: S(M) → S(M) ∪ {∅} be a function where S(M) is the set of all submodules of M. A proper submodule N of M is said to be a ϕ-1-absorbing primary submodule if whenever abm ∈ N − ϕ(N) for some nonunit elements a, b ∈ R and m ∈ M, then ab ∈ (N:R M) or m ∈ M-rad(N), where M-rad(N) is the prime radical of N. Many properties and characterizations of ϕ-1-absorbing primary submodules are given. We also give the relations between ϕ-1-absorbing primary submodules and other classical submodules such as ϕ-prime, ϕ-primary, ϕ-2-absorbing primary submodules. © 2024, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University. All rights reserved
Dietary iron intake aggravates dyslipidaemia by elevating ferritin levels in patients with insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases: A cross-sectional study
Get PDFDietary iron intake causes the elevation of ferritin levels, and higher iron intake might improve insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between dietary iron intake and serum ferritin levels, insulin resistance, and nutritional status in patients with cardiovascular disease. Health information of individuals were obtained with a questionnaire form. There were a total of 103 patients, 59 male (57.3%) and 44 female (42.7%). Patients also filled a questionnaire on dietary habits, a 3-day food record. There was a statistically significant difference between ferritin quartiles and total cholesterol, HDL-C, non-HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and TG/HDL-C ratio (P < 0.05). Study data show that dietary iron intake was associated with the elevation of serum ferritin levels (P < 0.05) and this difference was significant in Q1 and Q4 groups in post-hoc analysis. There was a negative correlation between serum ferritin levels and total cholesterol and HDL-C in patients with insulin resistance (r 5-0.384, P < 0.05; r 5-0.520, P < 0.05). In conclusion we found a strong association between serum ferritin levels and inflammation, causing an oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, and bringing along cardiometabolic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 DM. © 2023 The Author(s)
Meta-thematic synthesis of research on early childhood coding education: A comprehensive review
Get PDFThe growing significance of coding in 21st-century early childhood education extends beyond technical proficiency, encompassing cognitive development, problem-solving, and creativity. Coding is being integrated globally into educational curricula to prepare students for the digital era. This research examines coding’s potential impact on cognitive and socio-emotional development and emphasizes the need for evidence-based analysis. A meta-thematic analysis synthesizes qualitative data from various studies in a study on coding’s effects on preschool children’s cognitive and socio-emotional development. It focuses on two themes: cognitive contributions and socio-emotional contributions. Thirteen suitable studies were identified from 942 visualized using the PRISMA flow diagram. Coding education enhances cognitive and socio-emotional skills in preschoolers, with implications for curriculum integration. In summary, coding’s holistic benefits in early childhood education are explored, and a meta-thematic analysis investigates its influence on cognitive and socio-emotional domains in preschoolers, emphasizing the need for rigorous evidence-based research. © The Author(s) 2024
Evaluation of the patients with the diagnosis of pontocerebellar hypoplasia: A multicenter national study
No full textPontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) is a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by hypoplasia and degeneration of the cerebellum and pons. We aimed to identify the clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings of the patients with diagnosed PCH with confirmed genetic analysis. We collected available clinical data, laboratory, and imaging findings in our retrospective multicenter national study of 64 patients with PCH in Turkey. The genetic analysis included the whole-exome sequencing (WES), targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS), or single gene analysis. Sixty-four patients with PCH were 28 female (43.8%) and 36 (56.3%) male. The patients revealed homozygous mutation in 89.1%, consanguinity in 79.7%, pregnancy at term in 85.2%, microcephaly in 91.3%, psychomotor retardation in 98.4%, abnormal neurological findings in 100%, seizure in 63.8%, normal biochemistry and metabolic investigations in 92.2%, and dysmorphic findings in 51.2%. The missense mutation was found to be the most common variant type in all patients with PCH. It was detected as CLP1 (n = 17) was the most common PCH related gene. The homozygous missense variant c.419G > A (p.Arg140His) was identified in all patients with CLP1. Moreover, all patients showed the same homozygous missense variant c.919G > T (p.A307S) in TSEN54 group (n = 6). In Turkey, CLP1 was identified as the most common causative gene with the identical variant c.419G > A; p.Arg140His. The current study supports that genotype data on PCH leads to phenotypic variability over a wide phenotypic spectrum. © The Author(s) 2024
Clinical spectrum of primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Experience of reference centers in Central and Southeast Anatolia
Get PDFHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disease, with a high mortality if left untreated. In addition, the disease has unique diagnostic challenges. Therefore, despite the existing guidelines on management, current clinical practice data is informative on the course and outcome. Herein, a retrospective chart review study was conducted through the collaboration of six centers, located in central and southeastern Türkiye. The demographical data, laboratory results, and treatment outcomes were evaluated. Eighty-three patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 2 years, whereas the median age was 8 months with a range of a minimum of 1 week and a maximum of 12.6 years. Consanguineous marriage, history of sibling death, and familial history of similar disease were determined in 72.2% (n:60), 34.9% (n:29), and 39.8% (n:33) of the patients, respectively. The most common presentation was fever, followed by hepatosplenomegaly on admission. Disease-causing familial HLH variants were identified in 60.2% (n:50) of the patients. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was performed in 39.7% (n:33) of the cohort. The 2-year overall survival (OS) rate was 62.4% for the whole group. Comparing the patients who received HSCT and those who did not; the HSCT group had a 2-year OS of 84.7%, which was significantly better than patients who did not receive HSCT had a 2-year OS of 47.1% (p:0.001). Despite the improvement in HLH diagnostics and treatment options over the last decade, early death remains a leading problem for the survival of these patients. Therefore, appropriate assessment of the patients in experienced centers and HSCT are pivotal for better outcomes
Effect of jet grouting construction parameters on durability and strength properties of full-scale clayey soil-cement pile
No full textJet grout is a recent soil-enhancement technology that is used to provide strength improvement to weak soils. In the present study, seven full-scale soil-cement piles (SCP) were constructed in clayey soil. The water-to-cement ratio was kept constant (w/c = 1); five injection pressures (300, 325, 350, 375, and 400 bar) and three rotational speeds (25, 35, and 45 rpm) were used. These parameters were used to investigate the durability of the resultant SCPs with respect to chemical attack (sulfuric acid) and wetting and drying. The geomechanical properties of the SCPs generally varied with injection pressure and rotation speed. In particular, chemical attack had a significant impact on the mechanical properties of SCP specimens with respect to both jet-grout rotation and injection pressure parameters, with a seawater solution having a beneficial effect on the mechanical properties of SCP specimens when compared with ambient conditions. Significant deterioration and deformation were detected in H2SO4 solution, which caused mass losses that ranged from -10.2% to -58.8% and -9.5% to 2.4%, respectively, at 105 days curing. The mass change stabilized at 20%-30% after the twelfth wetting and drying cycle
Effect of first pregnancy age/teenager pregnancy or no pregnancy on bone mineral density in peri-menopausal women
Get PDFThis study compares bone mineral density (BMD) scores in peri-menopausal women with and without a history of teenage pregnancy (TP) or pregnancies (TPs), for the femoral neck and lumbar spine. Obstetric history, history of menstruation, education, exercise, sex, marital status, residency, income level, and tobacco/alcohol use were assessed. After a DEXA scan, both groups were compared for variables. A total of 485 patients were included in the study. Most of the analyzed demographic characteristics showed no significant difference between the research groups. The childless group had a higher incidence of femoral bone osteopenia than the group without a history of teenage pregnancy (non-TP) (p<0.05). However, there was no difference in the lumbar spine results between the TP(s), non-TP, and no pregnancy groups. The BMD, T, and Z scores of women's femoral neck/lumbar spine did not alter according to whether they had had one or more TPs. Despite numerous studies, modifiable variables that impact peri-menopausal women's bone health, such as TPs, have not yet been sufficiently identified. Further studies are still needed to find the causes of bone loss in peri-menopause and develop preventive measures/treatments. © 2024, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved