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What is the long-run relationship between military expenditures, foreign trade and ecological footprint? Evidence from method of Maki cointegration test
No full textThe US leads the global economy regarding foreign trade volume and military expenditures. Increases in military expenditures and foreign trade can substantially affect environmental issues. This study's preliminary research objective is to explore the interaction of foreign trade and military expenditures with ecological concerns in the long-term of the US economy using current time series techniques. Ecological footprint, military expenditures, exports, imports, urbanization, and agricultural area variables are used in the analysis with annual data for the US economy for the period 1970-2018. A relationship in long-term between the variables is revealed by the Maki (2012) cointegration test results, considering structural break. As indicated by the findings obtained from the coefficient estimation, an increase in military expenditures, exports, and agricultural area decreases the ecological footprint, while an increase in imports increases it. In addition, the results of the time-varying causality test show that there are periodic causality relationships between the variables. To sum up, there is a negative relationship between military expenditures, exports, and agricultural area, and ecological footprint, and a positive relationship between imports and ecological footprint. © The Author(s) 2024
Determination of ıncidence and risk factors of medical device-related pressure ınjury in the ICU: a descriptive study
Get PDFOBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and risk factors of medical device-related pressure injury (MDRPI) in the ICU. METHODS: In this descriptive study, the researchers collected data through systematic observation of patients (n = 58) in the ICU. The patients were evaluated within 24 hours of ICU admission and then followed up until they were discharged. A total of 482 patient-days were followed. The researchers used the MDRPI follow-up form, the patient descriptive form, the MDRPI follow-up form, and the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk for data collection. RESULTS: Overall, 39.7% of the 58 patients hospitalized in the ICU developed an MDRPI, and 5.2% of the MDRPIs were evaluated as stage 2. These injuries occurred in an average of 5 days after the patient was admitted to the ICU. Among the MDRPIs that developed, 31.9% were located in the nose, 21.3% in the mouth, and 14.9% on the cheeks. Intubation tubes were used in 7.3% of the patients, nasogastric tubes in 22.4% of the patients, and radial artery catheters in 10.5% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The development of MDRPI is correlated with the type of medical device used. Providers should establish a planned care protocol based on the anatomic placement of the medical device and take necessary precautions to prevent MDRPI © 2024 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved
Frequently asked questions on erectile dysfunction: evaluating artificial intelligence answers with expert mentorship
No full textThe present study assessed the accuracy of artificiaI intelligence-generated responses to frequently asked questions on erectile dysfunction. A cross-sectional analysis involved 56 erectile dysfunction-related questions searched on Google, categorized into nine sections: causes, diagnosis, treatment options, treatment complications, protective measures, relationship with other illnesses, treatment costs, treatment with herbal agents, and appointments. Responses from ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4, and BARD were evaluated by two experienced urology experts using the F1 and global quality scores (GQS) for accuracy, relevance, and comprehensibility. ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4 achieved higher GQS than BARD in categories such as causes (4.5 ± 0.54, 4.5 ± 0.51, 3.15 ± 1.01, respectively, p < 0.001), treatment options (4.35 ± 0.6, 4.5 ± 0.43, 2.71 ± 1.38, respectively, p < 0.001), protective measures (5.0 ± 0, 5.0 ± 0, 4 ± 0.5, respectively, p = 0.013), relationships with other illnesses (4.58 ± 0.58, 4.83 ± 0.25, 3.58 ± 0.8, respectively, p = 0.006), and treatment with herbal agents (3 ± 0.61, 3.33 ± 0.83, 1.8 ± 1.09, respectively, p = 0.043). F1 scores in categories: causes (1), diagnosis (0.857), treatment options (0.726), and protective measures (1), indicated their alignment with the guidelines. There was no significant difference between ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4 regarding answer quality, but both outperformed BARD in the GQS. These results emphasize the need to continually enhance and validate AI-generated medical information, underscoring the importance of artificiaI intelligence systems in delivering reliable information on erectile dysfunction. (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2024
Modelling the critical determinants of architects’ work-related stress
No full textArchitects wearing different hats simultaneously suffer from occupational stress due to different construction characteristics. Decreased productivity, excessive absenteeism, burnout, and turnover intention are all linked to the effects of occupational stress. This study aims to pinpoint the critical stressors experienced by architects within the Turkish construction sector. A systematic literature review was conducted, and a questionnaire incorporating 48 stress factors along with the Work Stress Scale was designed, employing the Job Demand Resource (JD–R) model as a guiding conceptual framework. The survey was conducted on design architects responsible for Turkey’s design process. In total, 320 fully completed questionnaires were returned. The critical stressors (CSs) were determined using normalized mean value analysis. The results revealed 37 CSs and six critical stress factors were identified by exploratory factor analysis. Further, a structural equation model (SEM) was built to critical determinants of architects’ stress. Financial deficiencies, changes in construction projects, and poor communication factors were the most critical determinants of architects’ work-related stress. Within this context, the findings offer two new and original determinants for work-related stress that differ from former studies. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
An evaluation of the beneficial effects of polyamide 6's thermal stabilization by ferric chloride complexation as a novel carbon fiber precursor
Get PDFThis study investigated the impact of stabilization time on pretreated polyamide 6 (PA6) fibers using various analytical techniques, including thermal analysis (TGA and DSC), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile testing, and density measurements. The two-step atmospheric air-based stabilization process for pretreated PA6 multifilament bundles involved initial thermal stabilization at 170 °C in an air atmosphere after ferric chloride impregnation, followed by a second step of thermal stabilization at 245 °C. Ferric chloride impregnation followed by thermal stabilization in an air atmosphere resulted in crucial structural transformations. The density values of the samples increased following thermal stabilization, accompanied by a decrease in tensile values. Ferric chloride pretreated and thermally stabilized PA6 fibers were found to be fully stabilized after 120 min of stabilization before the carbonization stage. The findings obtained from the DSC, XRD, and IR spectroscopy methods indicated the occurrence of disordering phases due to the scission of hydrogen bonds. The TGA findings showed significant increases in carbon yield percentages at 500 °C and 850 °C, reaching 71.4% and 63.5%, respectively, for the sample heat treated at 245 °C for 120 min. The addition of ferric chloride is expected to potentially reduce processing costs for final carbon fiber production by decreasing the time required for the thermal stabilization of PA6. © The Author(s) 2024
Future of humanity: New era space economy
No full textThe study aims to reveal the possible economic, social, and technological consequences of these activities and make projections and evaluations regarding the space economy for the future of humanity. It also aims to create a futuristic perspective on what space could bring to humanity, which has been a subject of great curiosity. Within this study, space and space economy will also be evaluated in terms of addressing the problems that may arise from the depletion of natural resources on Earth in the future. The study examines the space activities of both the public sector and private enterprises in various countries using numerical data. For example, the budget of the (NASA) of the United States alone reached 641.2 billion by 2030. As activities related to all components of the space economy continue to increase through public and private initiatives, the dream of a future in space for humanity is closer than ever before. © 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved
Machine learning models for early prediction of mortality risk in patients with burns: A single center experience
No full textMortality rate is considered as the most important outcome measure for assessing the severity of burn injury. A scale or model that accurately predicts burn mortality can be useful to determine the clinical course of burn injuries, discuss treatment options and rehabilitation with patients and their families, and evaluate novel, innovative interventions for the injuries. This study aimed to use machine learning models to predict the mortality risk of patients with burns after their first admission to the center and to compare the performances of these models. Overall, 1064 patients hospitalized in burn intensive care and burn service units between 2016 and 2022 were included in the study. In total, 40 parameters, including demographic characteristics and biochemical parameters of all patients, were analyzed in the study. Furthermore, the dataset was randomly divided into two clusters with 70% of the data used for artificial neural networks (ANNs) training and 30% for model success testing. The ANN model proposed in this study showed high success across all machine learning methods tried in different variants, with an accuracy of 95.92% in the test set. Machine learning models can be used to predict the mortality risk of patients with burns. This study may help validate the use of machine learning models for applications in clinical practice. Conducting multicenter studies will further contribute to the literature. © 2023 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeon
The conceptual and doctrinal evolution on irregular warfare in Türkiye: 1919-1952
No full textThis study investigates the evolution of concepts and doctrine on irregular warfare in Türkiye from 1919 to 1952, focusing on two primary research inquiries. It explores the conceptual approach towards irregular warfare and delves into the treatment of the subject and the development of doctrine. Using a qualitative research methodology, discourse and content analysis have been employed, drawing from various primary and secondary sources. The analysis reveals that concepts such as small war (harb-i sagir), banditry (eşkıyalık), committee (komita) and gang (çete) were acknowledged during the late Ottoman Empire, with early written examples contributing to doctrine development in the 1930s. It also accentuates inherent terminological differences to imply the actors of insurgents and government forces, although irregular warfare can be employed by both. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
The diagnostic ımportance of high mobility group box-1 in urine as a tumor marker in prostate cancer: Descriptive research
Get PDFObjective: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the di- agnostic value of urinary high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) level as a non-invasive tool that can be potentially used for diagnosis and during fol- low-up in patients with prostate cancer.Material and Methods: Forty-two patients with histopathologically confirmed prostate cancer from 40 to 75 years of age, 30 patients with an acute urinary tract infection (UTI) and 33 agematched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and urinary HMGB1 levels of the study groups were eval- uated. The association of clinical features [prostate specific antigen (PSA), perineural invasion, Gleason score] with urinary HMGB1 levels was inves- tigated in patients with prostate cancer. Results: While age and BMI were not different among the 3 groups (p=0.265 and p=0.254 respectively), PSA levels were significantly different (p<0.001). A significant difference was detected in urinary HMGB1 levels among the 3 groups (p<0.001). Addi- tionally, a significant correlation was observed between Gleason scoring and urinary HMGB1 levels when compared among patients with low-, in- termediate- and high-grade prostate cancer (p=0.003). Also, there was a sig- nificant difference in urinary HMGB1 levels between perineural invasion-positive and negative patients (p=0.04). Conclusion: Compared to control group, patients with a UTI and prostate cancer patients had higher HMGB1 levels. Urinary HMGB1 levels were much higher in prostate can- cer patients than in controls. Urinary HMGB1 levels may be used as a non- invasive tool for diagnostic and screening purposes in prostate cancer patients in future controlled studies involving larger patient samples
Üniversite öğrencilerinin kariyer stresleri üzerinde kariyer kaynaklarının rolü
Get PDFÜniversite öğrencileri farklı zamanlarda akademik kaygılar, ekonomik sorunlar, sosyal ilişkiler ve kariyerlerine yönelik birçok stres faktörüyle karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Birçok farklı sebepten kaynaklanan ve öğrencilerin kariyerlerine yönelik yaşadıkları zorlanmaları ifade eden bu durum kariyer stresi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşadıkları kariyer streslerini açıklamada kariyer kaynaklarının rolünü incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 182’si vakıf, 33’ü devlet üniversitesinde öğrenimine devam etmekte olan 215 üniversite öğrencisine Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Kariyer Stresi Ölçeği ve Kariyer Kaynakları Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Hiyerarşik regresyon analizinin sonucunda kariyer kaynaklarının kariyer stresine ilişkin varyansın %23’ünü açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. Kariyer kaynaklarından yardımcı beceriler, mesleki uzmanlık, sosyal kariyer desteği, işin geliştirici gücü ve kariyer güveni kariyer stresinin anlamlı yordayıcılarıdır. Kariyer stresini en güçlü açıklayan değişken kariyer güveniyken sosyal kariyer desteği ikinci sırada gelmektedir. Araştırma sonuçları kariyer kaynakları değişkeninin kariyer stresinin önlenmesi ya da azaltılmasında önemli bir role sahip olduğuna işret etmektedir. Araştırma sonuçları üniversite öğrencilerinin kariyer stresleri üzerinde üniversite öğrencilerinin bireysel olarak güçlendirilmesiyle birlikte sosyal destek kaynaklarının arttırılmasının önemini ortaya koymaktadır