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Evaluation of the impact of humanitarian organizations' interventions to support the education sector in nw Syria
Get PDFThe ongoing conflict in Northwest Syria has severely disrupted the education system, impacting students, teachers, and school administrators. Humanitarian organizations have intervened to restore access to education through infrastructure rebuilding, teacher training, psychosocial support, and provision of educational resources. This study evaluates the effectiveness of these interventions in improving access to education and overcoming systemic challenges in conflict-affected areas. Using a mixed-methods approach, data was gathered from 30 school managers, 30 teachers, 30 parents, and 10 Education Experts in I/NGOs through structured interviews, complemented by secondary sources. Findings reveal that humanitarian efforts have led to increased student enrollment, enhanced teacher training, and improved learning environments. However, challenges such as insufficient funding, teacher salary instability, overcrowded classrooms, and inadequate teaching materials persist. The study highlights the critical role of psychosocial support programs in mitigating the psychological impact of conflict on students and teachers. Recommendations include sustaining long-term funding, improving teacher incentives, expanding infrastructure development, and strengthening community involvement. This research contributes to the broader discourse on education in emergencies and offers actionable insights for policymakers and humanitarian actors striving to enhance educational access and quality in conflict zones. Keywords: Humanitarian interventions, education in conflict zones, Northwest Syria, access to education, teacher training, psychosocial support, infrastructure development, student enrollment, educational challenges, NGO support.Kuzeybatı Suriye'deki devam eden çatışma, eğitim sistemini ciddi şekilde bozarak öğrenciler, öğretmenler ve okul yöneticileri üzerinde büyük bir etki yaratmıştır. İnsani yardım kuruluşları, eğitim erişimini yeniden sağlamak amacıyla altyapı yenileme, öğretmen eğitimi, psikososyal destek ve eğitim kaynaklarının sağlanması gibi müdahalelerde bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, bu müdahalelerin eğitim erişimini iyileştirmedeki etkinliğini ve çatışma bölgelerinde karşılaşılan sistemik zorlukları aşmadaki rolünü değerlendirmektedir. Karışık yöntem yaklaşımı kullanılarak 30 okul yöneticisi, 30 öğretmen ve 30 veli ile yapılan yapılandırılmış görüşmelerden ve ikincil kaynaklardan elde edilen veriler analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, insani yardım çalışmalarının öğrenci kayıt oranlarını artırdığını, öğretmen eğitimini geliştirdiğini ve öğrenme ortamlarını iyileştirdiğini göstermektedir. Ancak, yetersiz finansman, öğretmen maaşlarının düzensizliği, kalabalık sınıflar ve eksik eğitim materyalleri gibi sorunlar devam etmektedir. Araştırma, psikososyal destek programlarının öğrenciler ve öğretmenler üzerindeki psikolojik etkileri hafifletmede kritik bir rol oynadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Uzun vadeli finansmanın sürdürülmesi, öğretmen teşviklerinin artırılması, altyapı geliştirme çalışmalarının genişletilmesi ve toplum katılımının güçlendirilmesi önerilmektedir. Bu çalışma, kriz zamanlarında eğitim üzerine yapılan akademik tartışmalara katkıda bulunmakta ve eğitim erişimini ve kalitesini artırmaya yönelik politika yapıcılar ve insani yardım aktörleri için uygulanabilir öneriler sunmaktadır.. Anahtar Kelimeler: İnsani müdahaleler, çatışma bölgelerinde eğitim, Kuzeybatı Suriye, eğitim erişimi, öğretmen eğitimi, psikososyal destek, altyapı geliştirme, öğrenci kaydı, eğitimde zorluklar, STK desteği
Non-alkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalarının beslenme durumlarının ve akdeniz diyetine uyumlarının değerlendirilmesi
Get PDFBu çalışma yetişkin non-alkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalarında beslenme alışkanlıkları, besin tüketim durumları, antropometrik ölçümleri, fiziksel aktivite durumları, biyokimyasal bulguları ve Akdeniz diyetine uyumun değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma, Kasım 2023-Şubat 2024 tarihleri arasında Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Beslenme ve Diyet Polikliniğine başvuran, hekim tarafından non-alkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı (NAYKH) tanısı almış, araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden 18-64 yaş arasındaki 82 bireyle yürütülmüştür. Bireylerin beslenme durumlarının değerlendirilmesi için 24 saatlik besin tüketim kaydı alınmıştır. Bireylerin Akdeniz diyetine uyumlarını belirlemek amacıyla bireylere 14 sorudan oluşan Akdeniz Diyeti Uyum Ölçeği (PREDİMED) uygulanmıştır. Bireyler Akdeniz diyeti uyum ölçeğine göre kötü, orta, iyi olarak gruplara ayrılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin %41,5'inin Akdeniz diyetine kötü uyum, %54,8'inin Akdeniz diyetine orta uyum, %3,7'sinin Akdeniz diyetine iyi uyum gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Erkeklerin PREDİMED puanlarının ortalaması 5,6±1,9, kadınların PREDİMED puanlarının ortalaması 6,3±1,7 olarak saptanmıştır (p>0,05). Akdeniz diyetine uyumları kötü olan bireylerin günlük aldıkları enerji değeri 2430,9±825,3 kkal, orta düzey olan bireylerin günlük aldıkları enerji değeri ise 1734,2±618,5 kkal olarak belirlenmiştir. Akdeniz diyetine uyumu kötü olan bireylerin günlük enerji alımlarının daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Akdeniz diyetine uyumu orta olan bireylerin tükettikleri bitkisel protein miktarının, kötü uyum gösteren bireylere göre daha fazla olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). PREDİMED puanı kötü ve orta olan bireylerin günlük omega-6 tüketimi sırasıyla 14,1±9,9 mg ve 24,7±16,4 mg olarak belirlenmiştir. Akdeniz diyetine uyumu düşük olan bireylerin omega-6 tüketimlerinin daha az olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Karaciğer yağlanma seviyesi Grade 1 olan bireylerin bel çevresi değeri 104,0±11,9 cm iken karaciğer yağlanma seviyesi Grade 3 olan bireylerin bel çevresi değeri 114,8±12,9 olarak belirlenmiştir. Grade 1 yağlanma seviyesine sahip bireylerin bel çevresi değerinin Grade 3 yağlanma seviyesine sahip bireylerin bel çevresine göre daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Yaş ile PREDİMED puanı arasında pozitif korelasyon olduğu saptanmıştır. Bireylerin yaşı arttıkça Akdeniz diyetine uyumlarının arttığı belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak Akdeniz diyetine kötü uyumu olan bireylerin günlük enerji alımlarının daha fazla olduğu, bitkisel protein, omega-6 alım miktarının daha az olduğu saptanmıştır. Akdeniz diyetine uyumu kötü olan bireylerin NAYKH ile ilişkilendirilen beslenme alışkanlıklarına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Akdeniz diyetine uyumun NAYKH üzerindeki pozitif etkileri nedeniyle bir tedavi yaklaşımı olarak değerlendirilebileceği düşünülmektedir.This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional habits, food consumption status, anthropometric measurements, physical activity status, biochemical findings, and compliance with the Mediterranean diet in adult non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients. The study was conducted with 82 individuals between the ages of 18-64, who applied to the Nutrition and Diet Polyclinic of Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine between November 2023 and February 2024, were diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by a physician, and agreed to participate in the study voluntarily. A 24-hour food consumption record was taken to evaluate the nutritional status of the individuals. The Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale (PREDIMED), consisting of 14 questions, was applied to the individuals in order to determine their compliance with the Mediterranean diet. Individuals were divided into groups as poor, moderate, and good according to the Mediterranean diet adherence scale. It was determined that 41.5% of the individuals participating in the study had poor compliance with the Mediterranean diet, 54.8% had moderate compliance with the Mediterranean diet, and 3.7% had good compliance with the Mediterranean diet. The average PREDIMED score of men was found to be 5.6±1.9, and the average PREDIMED score of women was found to be 6.3±1.7 (p>0.05). The daily energy value of individuals with poor compliance with the Mediterranean diet was determined to be 2430.9±825.3 kcal, and the daily energy value of individuals with moderate compliance was determined to be 1734.2±618.5 kcal. It was determined that individuals with poor compliance with the Mediterranean diet had higher daily energy intake (p<0.05). It was found that individuals with moderate compliance with the Mediterranean diet consumed more plant protein than individuals with poor compliance (p<0.05). The daily omega-6 consumption of individuals with poor and moderate PREDIMED scores was determined to be 14.1±9.9 mg and 24.7±16.4 mg, respectively. It was determined that individuals with low compliance with the Mediterranean diet had lower omega-6 consumption (p<0.05). The waist circumference of individuals with Grade 1 liver steatosis was determined as 104.0±11.9 cm, while the waist circumference of individuals with Grade 3 liver steatosis was determined as 114.8±12.9. It was determined that the waist circumference of individuals with Grade 1 steatosis was lower than the waist circumference of individuals with Grade 3 steatosis (p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between age and PREDIMED score. It was determined that as the age of the individuals increased, their compliance with the Mediterranean diet increased (p<0.05). As a result, it was determined that individuals with poor compliance with the Mediterranean diet had higher daily energy intake and lower vegetable protein and omega-6 intake. It was determined that individuals with poor compliance with the Mediterranean diet had eating habits associated with NAFLD. It is thought that compliance with the Mediterranean diet can be considered as a treatment approach due to its positive effects on NAFLD
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Sustainable Transportation and Manufacturing: Empirical Findings From Southeast Asian Countries
Get PDFArtificial intelligence is said to be able to lessen environmental harm in many sectors. In this regard, the research examines how
the transportation and industrial sectors affect carbon emissions in Southeast Asian nations (China, India, Indonesia, Japan,
South Korea, and Thailand) as well as how artificial intelligence may mitigate these impacts. According to the STIRPAT model,
the novel panel CS-ARDL approach is used in this context to assess an observation period spanning the years 2004–2022. The
results demonstrate that carbon emissions are raised by energy use in the transportation and industrial sectors. In terms of moderating impacts, artificial intelligence applications in the transportation sector show beneficial environmental consequences,
while their usage in the industrial sector has no discernible impact on emissions levels. In this regard, policy recommendations
are presented for governments to require AI-supported production facilities to use clean energy sources instead of fossil fuels
Innovation and Organisational Survival in Terrorist Groups: Evidence from the PKK
Get PDFThis article examines innovation as a central mechanism of survival in terror-ist organisations, using the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) as a longitudinalcase study. Drawing on Lubrano’s tripartite typology of tactical, operational,and strategic innovation, it explores how the PKK has continuously adaptedto shifting political, military, and geopolitical environments since its emer-gence in 1978. Rather than attributing the organisation’s longevity to con-ventional factors such as external sponsorship, ethnic mobilisation, orideological devotion alone, the article argues that its endurance stemsfrom deliberate, multidimensional, and institutionalised innovation.Empirically, it traces the PKK’s evolution from rural guerrilla warfare totechnologically sophisticated insurgency; its organisational transformationunder the decentralised KCK system; and its ideological transition fromMarxism–Leninism to democratic confederalism. The analysis culminates inthe PKK’s self-declared dissolution in May 2025, interpreted not as a rupturebut as the latest phase of strategic reinvention designed to reposition theKurdish movement within civil and political arenas. By integrating theoreticalinsight with longitudinal analysis, the article demonstrates how innovationfunctions as both an adaptive and anticipatory mechanism, sustaining orga-nisational relevance under pressure. It concludes by reflecting on the broaderimplications of innovation for the persistence and transformation of violentnon-state actors
Fostering pre-service teachers' critical and creative thinking dispositions through Literature Circles: a mixed-methods study
No full textThis study examined the impact of literature circles on pre-service teachers’ critical and creative thinking dispositions and to evaluate the practical significance of this method in terms of teacher education. During the first semester of the 2023–2024 academic year, 25 pre-service teachers were instructed to read assigned weekly short stories in accordance with the literature circle method and to discuss them collaboratively. The study evaluated the impacts of literature circles on critical and creative thinking within a single group, and the findings indicated a statistically significant difference in favour of the post-test results. Moreover, it was concluded that literature circles have considerable potential for enhancing skills, including textual analysis, evaluation of diverse perspectives, generation of critical and creative solutions, and thinking beyond conventional patterns. The integration of this method into teacher education programmes can facilitate the systematic development of critical and creative thinking skills among pre-service teachers
Corrigendum to “Advanced multi-layer deep learning model for accurate estimation of heat transfer and flow designing parameters across diverse dataset configurations”
Get PDFThe authors regret that affiliation “c” was inadvertently included in the article due to an oversight during the manuscript preparation. They kindly request the removal of affiliation “c” from the published article. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. © 2025 Elsevier Lt
Neonatal Intensive Care Nurses’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence Integration in Neonatal Skin Assessment: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study
Get PDFOBJECTIVE: This study explores neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)
nurses’ perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted neonatal skin
assessment, focusing on its benefits, challenges, and ethical implications.
Optimizing AI integration requires understanding nurses’
attitudes.
METHODS: A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 NICU nurses from a
public hospital in Gaziantep, Turkey, between January and March 2025.
Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis to identify emerging
themes related to AI’s impact on clinical decision-making, workflow
efficiency, and professional autonomy.
RESULTS: Findings revealed that nurses acknowledged AI’s potential to
enhance diagnostic accuracy, standardize assessments, and reduce interobserver
variability. However, concerns were raised regarding algorithm
reliability, professional autonomy, and ethical considerations. Nurses
recognized AI’s potential but stressed the need for transparency, training,
and safeguards against over-reliance. Participants emphasized human
oversight to ensure patient-centered care.
CONCLUSIONS: Artificial intelligence may improve neonatal
skin assessment, but integration must balance technology and
ethics. Engaging NICU nurses in AI system development and implementation
is essential to fostering trust and ensuring alignment with
clinical needs. Future research should assess AI’s long-term impact and
support interdisciplinary tool development that complements nursing
expertise
Synthesis, crystal structure, and electrochemical properties of 5-benzoyl-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-4-one-2-thione compound; voltammetric, spectrophotometric, and molecular docking studies of its interaction with DNA
Get PDFA novel heterocyclic compound, 5-benzoyl-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-4-one-2-thione
(PT), was synthesized for the first time via the cyclocondensation reaction of
dibenzoyl acetic acid-N-carboxymethylamide with thiourea. The structure of the
compound was characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR, X-ray crystallography, and API-ES mass spectrometry. Electrochemical behavior of PT was
investigated by cyclic voltammetry on a glassy carbon electrode in an anhydrous
medium (0.1 M TBAP), revealing an irreversible cathodic peak at −0.83 V, indicative of irreversible redox behavior and surface interaction. The interaction between
PT and DNA was explored using voltammetric, spectrophotometric, and molecular
docking techniques. Differential pulse voltammetry demonstrated a concentrationdependent decrease in the guanine oxidation signal, with a calculated binding free
energy of −6.5 kcal/mol. Spectrophotometric studies further supported the occurrence of a stable PT–DNA complex. Molecular docking revealed a strong binding
affinity (−8.12 kcal/mol), suggesting minor groove and electrostatic interaction
modes. The consistency among electrochemical, spectroscopic, and computational
findings indicates that PT forms a thermodynamically favorable and specific interaction with DNA. These results provide a foundation for future research on the therapeutic potential of PT and related pyrimidine thione derivatives
Temporomandibular disfonksiyon ilişkili baş ağrısı olan hastalarda manuel tedavi ile bilişsel egzersiz terapi yaklaşımının baş ağrısı ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkileri
Get PDFBu çalışma temporomandibular disfonksiyon ilişkili baş ağrısı olan bireylerde Manuel Tedavi ve Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımının baş ağrısı, uyku kalitesi, depresyon, anksiyete, yorgunluk ve yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki etkilerini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemeyi amaçladı. Çalışmaya katılan 62 birey, randomize olarak Manuel Tedavi (MT) (n=22), Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımı (BETY) (n=20) ve Kontrol Grubu (n=20) olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. MT grubuna; ev egzersizi ve hasta eğitimiyle birlikte tetik nokta tedavisi, miyofasyal gevşetme, temporomandibular eklem (TME) ve servikal mobilizasyon, TME yumuşak doku mobilizasyonu, servikal bölge kaslarına germe, çiğneme kaslarına kas enerji tekniği ve oksipital, temporoparietal bölgelere gevşetme teknikleri uygulandı. BETY grubuna ev egzersizi ve hasta eğitimi ile birlikte fonksiyon odaklı gövde stabilizasyon egzersizleri, duygu durum bilgi yönetimi (dans terapi-otantik hareket) ve BETY ağrı yönetimi eğitimi verildi. Kontrol grubu ise ev egzersizi ve hasta eğitimi aldı. MT ve BETY eğitimi haftada iki gün, 45 dakika süreyle 8 hafta boyunca uygulandı. Kontrol grubundan ise haftada beş gün, günde bir kez 30-35 dk süreyle 8 hafta boyunca ev egzersizlerini yapmaları istenildi. Bireylerin demografik verileri kaydedilerek, klinik değerlendirmeler kapsamında postür analizi, servikal ve temporomandibular eklem hareket açıklığı, ağrı şiddeti (Vizüel Analog Skalası ve McGill Ağrı Ölçeği-Kısa Form) ve tetik nokta hassasiyeti incelendi. Kasların viskoelastik özellikleri MyotonPro, basınç ağrı eşiği ölçümleri ise algometre ile yapıldı. Bireylerin biyopsikososyal durumlarını değerlendirmek amacıyla, biyopsikososyal temelli bir ölçüm aracı olan Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımı - Biopsychosocial Questionnairre (BETY-BQ) uygulandı. Ayrıca Çene Fonksiyon Kısıtlılık Skalası (ÇFKS), Ağız Sağlığı Etki Profili-14 (OHIP-14), Pittsburgh Uyku Kalite İndeksi (PUKİ), Boyun Özürlülük İndeksi (BÖİ), Yorgunluk Şiddet Ölçeği (YŞÖ), Baş Ağrısı Etki Testi (HİT-6), Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon ölçeği (HADS) ve hasta memnuniyeti ölçekleri olan Hasta Memnuniyet Anketi (PSQ-18) ve Küresel Değişim Değerlendirmesi ölçeği (GROC) kullanılarak fonksiyonel durum ve yaşam kalitesi değerlendirildi. 8 haftalık tedavi sonrası ve 5. ay takip değerlendirmelerinde, her üç grupta da çene, baş ve boyun bölgesindeki ağrılar, tetik nokta hassasiyeti, kasların viskoelastik özellikleri, çene fonksiyonu, servikal ve temporomandibular eklem hareket açıklığı, uyku kalitesi ve yorgunluk düzeylerinde anlamlı iyileşmeler gözlendi (p<0.05). MT grubu, 8. hafta sonunda diğer gruplara kıyasla daha belirgin iyileşme gösterdi. Ancak, 5. ay değerlendirmelerinde BETY grubunun kazanımlarının daha kalıcı olduğu ve iyileşmeler olduğu kaydedildi (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, TMD ile ilişkili baş ağrısı olan bireylerde ağrı şiddeti, uyku kalitesi, yorgunluk, depresyon, anksiyete ve yaşam kalitesi gibi parametrelerde BETY, uzun dönem sonuçlar yönüyle manuel tedaviye kıyasla daha kalıcı etkiler sağladı. Gelecek çalışmalarda, her iki yaklaşımın birlikte uygulanmasının uzun süreli etkileri araştırılmalıdır.This study aimed to comparatively investigate the effects of Manual Therapyand Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approachon headache, sleep quality, depression, anxiety, fatigue, and quality of life in individuals with temporomandibular dysfunction-related headache. A total of 62 participants were randomly assigned to three groups: Manual Therapy (MT) (n=22), Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach (BETY) (n=20), and Control Group (n=20). The MT group received home exercises and patient education alongside trigger point therapy, myofascial release, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and cervical mobilization, TMJ soft tissue mobilization, stretching of cervical muscles, muscle energy technique for masticatory muscles, and relaxation techniques for the occipital, temporal, and parietal regions. The BETY group was provided with home exercises, patient education, along with function-focused corestabilization exercises, dance therapy-authentic movements, and pain management education. The control group received only home exercises and patient education. The MT and BETY interventions were administeredtwice weekly for 45 minutes over 8 weeks. The control group was instructed to perform home exercises five days a week, once a daily, for 30-35 minutes, over 8 weeks. Participants' demographic data were recorded, and clinical assessments included posture analysis, cervical and TMJ range of motion, pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale and McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form), and trigger point sensitivity. Muscle viscoelastic properties were measured using Myoton Pro, and pressure pain threshold measurements were conducted with an algometer (Wagner Instruments). The biopsychosocial status of participants was evaluated using the Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach – Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (BETY-BQ). Additionally, functional status and quality of life were assessed using the Jaw Function Limitation Scale (JFLS), Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and patient satisfaction measures including the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (PSQ-18) and Global Rating of Change (GROC). Post-treatment evaluations at 8weeks and the follow-up assessments at 5 months revealed significant improvements in all three groups in pain levels in the jaw, head, and neck regions, trigger point sensitivity, muscle viscoelastic properties, jaw function, cervical and TMJ range of motion, sleep quality, and fatigue levels (p<0.05). The MT group showed more pronounced improvements than the other groups at the end of the 8th week (p<0.05). However, at the 5-month follow-up, The BETY group demonstrated more sustained benefits with statistically significant improvements (p<0.05). In conclusion, for individuals with TMD-related headaches, BETY provided more sustained effectson pain intensity, sleep quality, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and quality of life compared to MT in the long term. Future studies should investigate the long-term effects of combining both approaches
Evaluation of the relationship between nurses' attitudes towards futile treatments and their ethical attitudes: A cross-sectional and analytical study
No full textBackground: Futile treatments waste health resources and may conflict with nurses' ethical attitudes, causing moral distress. Nurses frequently administer such treatments due to external pressures. Desing and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 205 nurses in a public hospital in Turkey (June–August 2024). Data were collected using the “Nurse Descriptive Information Form,” “Nurses' Attitudes Towards Futile Treatment Scale (NAFTS),” and “Ethical Attıtude Scale in Nursıng Care (EASNC).”. Results: The mean age of participants was 33.62 ± 7.37 years; 69.8% were female, and 37.1% worked in intensive care. While 90.7% received ethics training, 54.6% lacked knowledge about futile treatments. Over half (54.1%) had administered care they considered futile, with 82.9% citing physician orders as the main reason. Most (70.7%) saw futile treatments as an ethical issue. The NAFTS mean score was 40 ± 7.67 (medium level), and the EASNC score was 158.60 ± 14.85 (high level). A moderate negative correlation (r = −0.394, p < 0.05) indicated that stronger ethical attitudes reduced acceptance of futile treatments. Conclusion: As nurses' ethical attitudes strengthened, their tendency to administer futile treatments decreased. Setting realistic, patient-specific care goals can prevent ethical conflicts and unhelpful care. Implications for the Profession: Providing ethical training is essential to help nurses avoid futile treatments and make better decisions in challenging situations. Developing supportive policies in healthcare institutions can guide ethical practices and reduce unnecessary treatments. Improving work conditions, such as adjusting hours and reducing workloads, enhances nurses' ability to focus on ethical and patient-centered care. Encouraging teamwork between nurses and doctors strengthens communication and shared decision-making, minimising conflicts. Additionally, reducing futile treatments not only saves healthcare resources but also improves the quality of patient care and professional satisfaction for nurses. These measures collectively support the nursing profession and contribute to better healthcare outcomes. Reporting Method: We adhered to the STROBE. No Patient or Public Contribution: Given that this study is based on the literature, namely the codes of ethics, there is no direct/indirect involvement of patients or the public. © 2025 The Author(s). Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic College of Caring Science