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The modified q-Genocchi numbers and polynomials with applications to q-zeta functions
No full textIn this paper, we introduce the modified q-Genocchi polynomials, investigate their properties, and give their generating function. We obtain a number of new relations and properties for q-Genocchi polynomials, such as addition formula, explicit formula, derivative formula, and multiplication formula. As an application, a new q-analogue of Genocchi zeta function is presented by applying the Mellin transform to the generating function of the modified q-Genocchi polynomials. Finally, we define the q-Genocchi zeta-type functions and then prove their interpolation by the modified q-Genocchi polynomials at negative integers. © African Mathematical Union and Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2024
The ımpact of economic policy uncertainty and geopolitical risk on environmental quality: An analysis of the environmental kuznets curve hypothesis with the novel qrpd approach
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the impact of economic policy uncertainty and geopolitical risk on environmental quality in 17 selected countries. In addition, it also aimed to test the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis (EKC) within the scope of the determined variables and model. In this context, analyses were carried out with annual data for the period 1997–2022, based on the country group for which the economic policy uncertainty index was calculated, subject to data limitations. In this study, a Quantile Regression of Panel Data (QRPD) analysis, OLS (Ordinary Least Squares), and a panel causality test were used. As a result of the estimation with the Quantile Regression of Panel Data (QRPD), it was found that the increase in economic policy uncertainty had a positive effect on environmental quality in most of the quantiles, while geopolitical risk had significant and negative effects on environmental quality in the medium and high quantiles. The validity of the EKC hypothesis was also proved in the analysis. According to the results of the panel causality test, there was a bidirectional causality relationship between environmental quality and all the independent variables, except the square of economic growth. In order to make a comparison with the new-generation estimation method, QRPD, it was observed that the estimation results with the classical regression method, OLS, were similar. In light of these findings, it is recommended that policy makers pursue strategies that balance economic growth and environmental quality, reduce the environmental impacts of geopolitical risks, and favor a renewable energy transition. Moreover, long-term and stable environmental policies have a crucial role in the success of these strategies. © 2025 by the authors
Investigation of the Relationships Between Beliefs About Developmentally Appropriate Practices, Competencies in Inclusive Practices and Self-Efficacy Perceptions in Early Childhood Education Teacher Candidates
Get PDFThis study aims to examine early childhood education teacher candidates' beliefs about developmentally appropriate practices, their perceptions of self-efficacy and their levels of teacher self-efficacy in relation to inclusive education. Five hundred seventy-one university students participated in the study. According to the results, there were significant positive relationships between teachers' perceptions of self-efficacy and the belief scale for developmentally appropriate practices (r = 0.294). There were moderate positive relationships between teachers' perceptions of self-efficacy and teachers' self-efficacy towards inclusive education (r = 0.601), and low positive relationships between the belief scale for developmentally appropriate practices and teachers' self-efficacy towards inclusive education (r = 0.263). The mediation effect analysis showed that teachers' perception of self-efficacy can explain 42.86% of the effect of belief in developmentally appropriate practices on teacher self-efficacy towards inclusive education. These findings highlight that teachers' beliefs and self-efficacy perceptions play an important role in improving the quality of educational practices
Turkish Counterterrorism Strategy against the PKK: A Security-Oriented Perspective
Get PDFTürkiye’s response to PKK terrorism stands as one of the most sustained,
complex, and evolving counterterrorism efforts in the modern era. This book
offers the first comprehensive English-language analysis of Türkiye’s counterterrorism strategy, adopting a security-oriented perspective that integrates
military, political, legal, economic, and social dimensions. It presents a holistic and critical evaluation of how Türkiye has sought to address terrorism
across changing domestic and international environments.
Structured around strategic foundations, operational developments,
and emerging threats, the book examines how Türkiye has adapted to
the evolving landscape of terrorism. The first part provides a comprehensive view of Türkiye’s strategy, addressing political, social, and economic
measures as well as criminal justice approaches and the international
legal framework. The second part focuses on operational fields, including
urban security operations, cross-border missions, intelligence reforms, and
advancements in defense and surveillance technologies. The third part
explores new security challenges, including the PKK’s transformation into
organized crime and cyberterrorism, and evaluates innovative soft power
initiatives such as persuasion processes and counter-narrative strategies
İlköğretim çağındaki çocukların sağlıklı yeme öz-yeterliliklerinin, Akdeniz diyetine uyumlarının ve beslenme durumlarının araştırılması
Get PDFBu araştırmanın amacı, ilköğretim çağı çocuklarının sağlıklı yeme öz yeterliliklerini, Akdeniz diyetine uyumlarını ve beslenme durumlarını inceleyerek sağlıklı beslenmeye yönelik farkındalık oluşturmaktır. Çalışma, Malatya İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı 3 ortaokul ve 3 ilkokulda, yaş ortalaması 10,5±0,63 olan 300 ( %55,0 kız, %45,0 erkek) öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öğrencilerden genel bilgiler, 24 saatlik besin tüketim kaydı ve antropometrik ölçümler (vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, boyun çevresi, üst orta kol çevresi) toplanmıştır. Ayrıca Akdeniz Diyeti Uyum İndeksi (KIDMED), Sağlıklı Yeme Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği (SYÖYÖ), Sağlıklı Yeme ile İlgili Aile Desteği Ölçeği (ADÖ) ve Çocuk Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi (PAQ-C) uygulanmıştır. Çocukların günlük enerji tüketimi önerilenin %68,1'ini karşılamaktadır. Protein, E vitamini, riboflavin, B6 vitamini, folat, kalsiyum, magnezyum, demir ve çinko gereksinimleri karşılanmamıştır. BKİ'si normal olan kız ve erkek çocuk oranı sırasıyla %48,5 ve %54,8'dir. Akdeniz diyetine uyumu geliştirilmesi gerekenlerin oranı %56,4, uyumu iyi olanların oranı %21,5'tir. KIDMED puanı, SYÖYÖ ve ADÖ ile pozitif ilişkilidir (p<0,05). SYÖYÖ puanı kızlarda 13,7±3,43, erkeklerde 13,8±3,56'dır. Babası işçi olan çocukların SYÖYÖ puanı, babası memur olanlara göre daha yüksektir (p<0,05). Babasının lisansüstü eğitimi olan çocuklarda SYÖYÖ puanı daha düşüktür (p<0,05). ADÖ puanı ortalaması kızlarda 11,4±2,25, erkeklerde 11,3±2,23 olup fark anlamsızdır (p>0,05). Erkeklerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyi kızlardan daha yüksektir (p<0,05). Annesi memur olan çocukların fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri, annesi ev hanımı olanlara göre daha yüksektir (p<0,05). ADÖ puanı arttıkça fiziksel aktivite düzeyi de artmaktadır (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak, çocukların beslenme ve sağlıklı yaşam alışkanlıklarının iyileştirilmesi bireysel, ailesel ve toplumsal boyutları ile incelenmelidir.The aim of this study was to raise awareness about healthy eating by examining the healthy eating self-efficacy, compliance with the Mediterranean diet and nutritional status of primary school children. The study was carried out with 300 students (55.0% female, 45.0% male) with an average age of 10.5±0.63 years in 3 secondary schools and 3 primary schools affiliated to Malatya Provincial Directorate of National Education. General information, 24-hour food consumption record and anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, neck circumference, upper middle arm circumference) were collected from the students. In addition, the Mediterranean Dietary Adaptation Index (KIDMED), the Healthy Eating Self-Efficacy Scale (HSEQ), the Family Support for Healthy Eating Scale (FSS) and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) were administered. Daily energy consumption of the children met 68.1% of the recommended daily intake. Protein, vitamin E, riboflavin, vitamin B6, folate, calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc requirements were not met. The proportion of girls and boys with normal BMI was 48.5% and 54.8%, respectively. The proportion of those whose adherence to the Mediterranean diet needed to be improved was 56.4% and the proportion of those with good adherence was 21.5%. The KIDMED score was positively correlated with the HSEQ and FSS (p<0.05). The HSEQ score was 13.7±3.43 in girls and 13.8±3.56 in boys. The HSEQ score of children whose fathers were labourers was higher than those whose fathers were civil servants (p<0.05). Children whose fathers had postgraduate education had a lower HSEQ score (p<0.05). The mean FSS score was 11.4±2.25 in girls and 11.3±2.23 in boys and the difference was not significant (p>0.05). The physical activity level of boys was higher than that of girls (p<0.05). Physical activity levels of children whose mothers were civil servants were higher than those whose mothers were housewives (p<0.05). The physical activity level increased with the increase in the FSS score (p<0.05). In conclusion, improvement of nutrition and healthy living habits of children should be analysed with individual, familial and social dimensions
Development of interpretable intelligent frameworks for estimating river water turbidity
No full textTurbidity (TU) is one of the paramount water quality indicators in rivers and streams. Therefore, knowledge of water TU plays a fundamental role in optimal managing and monitoring river water quality. This study aimed at developing four intelligent schemes including three boosting methods i.e. Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), Light Gradient-Boosting Machine (LightGBM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and a deep learning method named Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). To evaluate the performance of proposed models, two gauging river stations situated in United States (i.e. USGS 14206950 and USGS 14211720) were selected as a case study. 70% and 30% of whole data were utilized as the training and validation datasets when developing the models, respectively. It is worthwhile to note that the development of boosting models and their performance companions with a deep learning model, as well as addressing the impacts of input features on the models’ outputs using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) are the novel aspects of this study, which have been rarely considered in preceding studies for river water TU estimation. Based on the achieved results during the validation period, the CatBoost and XGBoost models were found to be generally best models for an accurate estimation of river water TU in the studied sites. During the validation period, the best-performing models were XGBoost (R = 0.951, NSE = 0.903, RMSE = 3.552 FNU, MAE = 1.816 FNU) at USGS 14206950, and CatBoost (R = 0.961, NSE = 0.920, RMSE = 2.502 FNU, MAE = 1.219 FNU) at USGS 14211720 both established using full-input estimators. An interpretability assessment of the developed models was finally conducted taking into account the SHAP. Analysis of the SHAP graphs in a global level during the validation phase illustrated that river discharge was the most important input variable affecting the output results of the best-performing implemented models. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Mükelleflerin vergiden kaçınma aracı olarak vergi kanunlarındaki muafiyet ve istisnaları kullanma eğilimleri üzerine bir araştırma: Gaziantep ili örneği
Get PDFDevletlerin kamu harcamalarını finanse edebilmek için en çok başvurdukları kamu geliri türü vergilerdir. Vergiler, vergi mükellefleri açısından devlet tarafından zorunlu olarak tahsil edilen ve karşılığında bireysel düzeyde doğrudan bir fayda sağlamayan mali yükümlülüklerdir. Bu durum, mükelleflerin vergileri bir yük olarak görmelerine ve bu yükü azaltmak ya da ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla çeşitli tepkiler geliştirmelerine yol açmaktadır. Bu tepkilerden biri de "vergiden kaçınma" olarak adlandırılan davranış biçimidir. Vergiden kaçınma, mükelleflerin yasalara aykırı bir eylemde bulunmadan, ödeyecekleri vergi yükünü en aza indirmelerini ya da tamamen ortadan kaldırmalarını amaçlayan stratejilerden oluşmaktadır. Bu bağlamda mükellefler, vergi mevzuatında tanımlanan muafiyet, istisna ve indirim gibi uygulamalardan yararlanarak vergi yükümlülüklerini yasal çerçevede minimize edebilmektedirler. Bu araştırmada mükelleflerin vergiden kaçınma ve vergiden kaçırma kavramlarına yönelik pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler neticesine varılmıştır. Bazı demografik özelliklerin söz konusu şirketlerin vergiden kaçınma algısını bazı noktalarda etkilediği gözlemlenmiştir. Buna ek olarak her iki kavramında mükellef zihninde suç olarak nitelendirildiği ve kavram karmaşası yaşandığı gözlemlenmiştir.The most common type of public income that states use to finance public expenditures is taxes. Taxes are financial obligations that are collected by the state as a requirement for taxpayers and do not provide any direct benefit at the individual level in return. This situation leads taxpayers to see taxes as a burden and to develop various reactions in order to reduce or eliminate this burden. One of these reactions is the behavior called "tax avoidance". Tax avoidance consists of strategies that aim to minimize or completely eliminate the tax burden that taxpayers will pay without committing an illegal action. In this context, taxpayers can minimize their tax liabilities within the legal framework by taking advantage of practices such as exemptions, exceptions and discounts defined in tax legislation. In this study, positive and significant relationships were found between the concepts of tax avoidance and evasion of taxpayers. It was observed that some demographic characteristics affected the perception of tax avoidance of the companies in question at some points. In addition, it was observed that both concepts were considered as crimes in the minds of taxpayers and there was conceptual confusion
Time-Based Fire Resistance Performance of Axially Loaded, Circular, Long CFST Columns: Developing Analytical Design Models Using ANN and GEP Techniques
No full textConcrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns are composite structural elements preferred in various engineering structures due to their superior properties compared to those of traditional structural elements. However, fire resistance analyses are complex due to CFST columns consisting of two components with different thermal and mechanical properties. Significant challenges arise because current design codes and guidelines do not provide clear guidance for determining the time-dependent fire performance of these composite elements. This study aimed to address the existing design gap by investigating the fire behavior of circular long CFST columns under axial compressive load and developing robust, accurate, and reliable design models to predict their fire performance. To this end, an up-to-date database consisting of 62 data-points obtained from experimental studies involving variable material properties, dimensions, and load ratios was created. Analytical design models were meticulously developed using two advanced soft computing techniques: artificial neural networks (ANNs) and genetic expression programming (GEP). The model inputs were determined as six main independent parameters: steel tube diameter (D), wall thickness (ts), concrete compressive strength (fc), steel yield strength (fsy), the slenderness ratio (L/D), and the load ratio (μ). The performance of the developed models was comprehensively compared with experimental data and existing design models. While existing design formulas could not predict time-based fire performance, the developed models demonstrated superior prediction accuracy. The GEP-based model performed well with an R-squared value of 0.937, while the ANN-based model achieved the highest prediction performance with an R-squared value of 0.972. Furthermore, the ANN model demonstrated its excellent prediction capability with a minimal mean absolute percentage error (MAPE = 4.41). Based on the nRMSE classification, the GEP-based model proved to be in the good performance category with an nRMSE value of 0.15, whereas the ANN model was in the excellent performance category with a value of 0.10. Fitness function (f) and performance index (PI) values were used to assess the models’ accuracy; the ANN (f = 1.13; PI = 0.05) and GEP (f = 1.19; PI = 0.08) models demonstrated statistical reliability by offering values appropriate for the expected targets (f ≈ 1; PI ≈ 0). Consequently, it was concluded that these statistically convincing and reliable design models can be used to consistently and accurately predict the time-dependent fire resistance of axially loaded, circular, long CFST columns when adequate design formulas are not available in existing codes
Perceptions of democracy within the Middle East and North Africa
Get PDFSupport for democracy in the Middle East and North Africa constitutes an important element of democratization and the consolidation of transitions from authoritarian rule. Recent research has indicated the sharp decline of popular support for democracy because of extreme instability across the region. In this study, an empirical examination of the most recent data from the Arab Barometer (seventh wave) across 12 countries provides a comprehensive outlook on citizens' views on democracy in the region. Overall, Arab citizens across all countries included in the research believe that democracy is a better system compared with its alternatives despite its problems. More importantly, more than half the sample in each of the 12 countries agreed that democracy is associated with "weak economic performance", is "indecisive", and fails to maintain "order". Notwithstanding the sizable proportion of the population suggesting such negative connotations to democracy, Arab citizens generally still believe that democracy is a desirable "core value" to any society. Evidently, in countries that have witnessed large-scale instability, support for democracy seems to dwindle more compared with countries that have held free and fair elections and are characterized with lively party politics. This paper contributes to the literature ondemocratization by showing how long-term instability and mediocre economic growth lead to diminished support for democracy in developing countries. © 2025, Centre of Sociological Research. All rights reserved
İnsülin direnci olan kadınların, boyun çevresi, beslenme durumu ile yeme tutum ve davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi
Get PDFBu çalışmanın amacı insülin direnci olan kadınlarda boyun çevresi ve diğer antropometrik ölçümler ile beslenme durumu ve yeme tutum ve davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesidir. Veriler insülin direnci olan 19-64 yaş aralığında 111 yetişkin kadından yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile bir anket formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Bireylere anket formuna ek olarak yeme tutumlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla Yeme Tutum Testi-40 (YTT-40) ve duygusal, kısıtlayıcı ve dışsal yeme gibi davranış türlerini değerlendirmek amacıyla Hollanda Yeme Davranışı Anketi (DEBQ) uygulanmıştır. Yaş ortalaması 37,5±11,91 yıl olan kadınların %35,1'i fazla kilolu, %50,5'i obezdir. Boyun çevresi risk grubunda olan kadınların oranı %81,1'dir. Bireylerin YTT-40 toplam puanı 25,2±13,79 iken yeme bozukluğu yatkınlığı olan bireylerin oranı %36,9 olarak belirlenmiştir. YTT-40 puanının demografik özelliklere, fiziksel aktivite düzeyine ve antropometrik sınıflamaya göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği belirlenmiştir (p>0,05). Bireylerin DEBQ'nun kısıtlayıcı, duygusal ve dışsal yeme davranışı alt boyutlarından aldıkları toplam puan ortalaması sırasıyla; 30,7±9,43, 35,1±16,78 ve 28,8±7,23 olarak belirlenmiştir. BKİ değeri, bel çevresi ve bel boy oranı normal aralıkta olan bireylerin kısıtlayıcı yeme davranış puanları risk grubundaki bireylere göre daha düşük bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Yeme bozukluğu yatkınlığı olan ve olmayan bireylerin kısıtlayıcı yeme davranış puan ortalaması sırasıyla 35,4±9,46 28,0±8,30 ve olarak belirlenmiştir. Yeme bozukluğu yatkınlığı olan bireylerin kısıtlayıcı yeme davranış puanları daha yüksektir (p<0,05). Bireylerin, YTT-40 toplam puanı ile fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri arasında negatif; YTT-40 toplam puanı ile BKİ ve boyun çevresi arasında pozitif korelasyon olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Dışsal yeme davranış puanının yaş arttıkça arttığı saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak, insülin direnci olan bireylerde yeme davranış bozukluğu ve obezite görülme riskinin ve boyun çevresi ölçümlerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu bireylerde beslenme ve fiziksel aktivitenin düzenlenmesi başta olmak üzere yeme davranışlarının düzeltilmesi, obezitenin engellenmesi ve olası komorbiditelerin önlenmesi için multidisipliner tedavi programlarının uygulanması önerilmektedir.The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between neck circumference and other anthropometric measurements and nutritional status and eating attitudes and behaviors in women with insulin resistance. Data were collected from 111 adult women aged 19–64 through face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire. In addition to the survey form, the Eating Attitude Test-40 (YTT-40) was administered to individuals to evaluate their eating attitudes, and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) was administered to evaluate behavioral types such as emotional, restrictive and external eating. Participants had a mean age of 37.5±11.91 years and 35.1% and 50.5% of them were overweight and obese respectively. Among the participants, 81.1% were classified in the risk group based on neck circumference. The mean total EAT-40 score was 25.2±13.79, and the prevalence of eating disorder tendencies was 36.9%. No significant differences were found in EAT-40 scores based on demographic characteristics, physical activity levels, or anthropometric classifications (p>0.05). The mean total scores for the DEBQ subscales—restrictive, emotional, and external eating behaviors—were 30.7±9.43, 35.1±16.78, and 28.8±7.23, respectively. Participants with normal BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratios had lower restrictive eating behavior scores compared to those in the risk group (p<0.05). The mean restrictive eating behavior scores were 35.4±9.46 and 28.0±8.30 for individuals with and without a tendency for eating disorders, respectively. Individuals with a tendency for eating disorders had significantly higher restrictive eating behavior scores (p<0.05). A negative correlation was observed between total EAT-40 scores and physical activity levels, while a positive correlation was found between total EAT-40 scores and BMI as well as neck circumference (p<0.05). External eating behavior scores increased with age (p<0.05). As a result; Individuals with insulin resistance were found to have a high risk of eating behavior disorders, obesity, and increased neck circumference. It is recommended to implement multidisciplinary treatment programs aimed at improving eating behaviors, regulating nutrition and physical activity, preventing obesity, and mitigating potential comorbidities in these individuals