Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan
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MASALAH HUKUM DALAM PENGGUNAAN SPEKTRUM FREKUENSI RADIO DI INDONESIA
Get PDFMeanwhile there are nine telecommunications operators in Indonesia have the license to use radio frequency spectrum (Mobile Network Operator – MNO) and some operators that did not have the license. With the increase of the cellular and fixed wireless operators and the increase of users of the internet provided by Internet Service Provider (―ISP‖) through wireless networks using radio frequency spectrum, then the need of Radio frequency spectrum also increased. The effort to overcome the rare radio frequency spectrum conducted by development of radio frequency spectrum technology, among others by using multiple access system. This system may be conducted by division of time, frequency, or code. Other system is by using the concept of Mobile Virtual Network Operator (―MVNO‖) by relationship between the licensed and unlicensed operators, i.e. by leasing of the spectrum. In Indonesia, there was no regulation regarding MVNO, so there was a question about whether the MVNOs include in the category of radio frequency spectrum users and whether or not the MVNO required to have license and pay the BHP for the use of frequency. Therefore it is necessary to have a change in the existing regulations to make clear the status and the existence of the unlicensed users of radio frequency spectrum as the MVNOs. Keyword: Spectrum, users, utilization, MVNO, regulatio
PERANAN HAKIM PENGAWAS DAN PENGAMAT UNTUK MENCEGAH TERJADINYA PENYIMPANGAN PADA PELAKSANAAN PUTUSAN PENGADILAN / THE ROLE OF SUPERVISORY JUDGE TO PREVENT THE DISCRETION IN COURT DECISION IMPLEMENTATION
Get PDFPenyimpangan dalam proses peradilan pidana sebenarnya bukan hanya dapat terjadi pada tahap penyelidikan, penyidikan (pra-adjudikasi), penuntutan dan pemeriksaan di sidang pengadilan (adjudikasi), tetapi juga dapat terjadi pada tahap pelaksanaan putusan pengadilan (pasca adjudikasi). Penelitian ini membahas masalah peranan Hakim Pengawas dan Pengamat dalam mencegah terjadinya penyimpangan pada tahap pelaksanaan putusan pengadilan, kendala apa saja yang dihadapi, dan bagaimana upaya mengatasinya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif yang sebagian besar datanya diperoleh dari studi kepustakaan didukung oleh penelitian observatoris selama peneliti melaksanakan tugas sebagai jaksa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama ini peranan Hakim Pengamat dan Pengawas belum dijalankan secara maksimal sehingga belum cukup efektif dalam mencegah terjadinya penyimpangan pada tahap pelaksanaan putusan pengadilan. Adapun kendala penyebab Hakim Pengamat dan Pengawas kurang berperan secara efektif, pada umumnya terkait dengan kesibukan Hakim Pengawas dan Pengamat itu sendiri, karena selain dibebani tugas sebagai pengamat dan pengawas yang bersangkutan juga masih dibebani tugas-tugas penanganan perkara. Bahkan tugas sebagai Hakim Pengawas dan Pengamat jutsru dianggap sebagai tugas sampingan. Kendala lain yang dihadapi ialah belum tersedianya sarana dan prasarana, serta tidak adanya biaya operasional. Oleh karena itu ke depan perlu ada reformulasi terhadap keberadaan lembaga Hakim Pengawas dan Pengamat agar dapat berfungsi secara efektif.Discretion in the criminal justice process not only occur in the investigation (pre-adjudication) and the prosecution on trial stage (adjudication) phase, but also occur during the execution of the court decision (post-adjudication). This study discusses the role of supervisory judges in preventing the occurrence of discretion in the execution of court decisions, the problems arise, and the solution. This research is a normative research that most of the data obtained from literature study, supported by observatory research during researcher perform duty as a prosecutor. The results showed that the role of supervisory judge not maximal so that not yet effective enough in preventing occurrence of discretion at stage of execution of court decision. The supervisory judge is busy with the duties of handling cases. Most of the time the duties as a supervisory judges are considered as a side task. Other obstacles encountered are the lack of facilities and infrastructure, and the absence of operational costs. Therefore, in the future there needs to be a reformulation of the existence of the Supervisory Judge institutions in order to be effective
PERANAN PERADILAN AGAMA DALAM MELINDUNGI HAK PEREMPUAN DAN ANAK MELALUI PUTUSAN YANG MEMIHAK DAN DAPAT DILAKSANAKAN / THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS COURT IN WOMEN AND CHILDREN RIGHTS PROTECTION THROUGH PARTIAL AND EXECUTABLE DECISION
Get PDFKewenangan Peradilan Agama banyak bersentuhan langsung dengan kepentingan perempuan dan anak, terutama dalam perkara perceraian dan pengasuhan anak. Peradilan Agama berwenang mengadili sengketa di bidang hukum keluarga dan hukum ekonomi Syariah. Perkara-perkara yang termasuk dalam hukum keluarga seperti perceraian, gugatan nafkah, hak asuh anak, nafkah anak, dan perkara-perkara yang merupakan akibat perceraian, banyak bersentuhan dengan hak-hak perempuan dan anak. Dalam penegakan hukum terkait hak-hak perempuan dan anak, Mahkamah Agung telah mengesahkan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2017 yang menekankan lembaga peradilan lebih memerhatikan aspek perlindungan hak-hak perempuan dan anak dalam memutus perkara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Peradilan Agama, dalam hal ini telah mengambil peran dalam melindungi hak perempuan dan anak melalui beberapa regulasi dan putusan perkara. Peradilan Agama berupaya memaksimalkan pelaksanaan putusan dengan mengimplementasikan kaidah-kaidah hukum yang responsif sebagaimana dikehendaki dalam Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2017 sehingga putusan tersebut dapat dieksekusi dengan baik. Selain itu, perlu adanya sinergitas lintas instansi agar upaya melindungi hak-hak kaum perempuan dan anak dapat terwujud secara lebih signifikan.The authority of Indonesia’s Religious Court has direct relation to women and children interest, especially in divorce and childcare cases. Religious court has the authority in adjudicating cases of family law and Islamic economy law. Divorce, livelihood, child custody, child allowances, and cases related to the direct consequences of divorce have significant matter to the women and children rights. In case of enforcing law that concern to the protection of women and children rights, Indonesia Supreme Court has enacted Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2017 that insist judicial institution to emphasize the protection of those rights in adjudication processes. The Religious Courts have taken a role in protecting the rights of women and children through several regulations and case decisions. This research is a normative study, using a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that the Religious Courts has a shot to implement comprehensively legal norms in Perma Nomor 3 Tahun 2017 as of the court decision more executable. Moreover, it is an urgent demand to hold an inter-institutions cooperation to raise the effectiveness of securing women and children rights. Â
TAFSIR INDEPENDENSI KEKUASAAN KEHAKIMAN DALAM PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI / INTERPRETATION OF JUDICIAL POWER INDEPENDENCE IN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISIONS
Get PDFArtikel ini mengkaji mengenai independensi kekuasaan kehakiman yang ditinjau dari Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Independensi kekuasaan kehakiman merupakan keharusan dalam sebuah negara hukum (rechtstaat). Negara hukum baik dalam konsep Rule of Law ataupun Rechtstaat, menempatkan peradilan yang bebas dan tidak memihak (independence and impartiality of judiciary) sebagai salah satu cirinya. Akan tetapi, kemerdekaan tersebut bukanlah tanpa batasan sehingga dapat diterjemahkan dengan seluas-luasnya. Sering kali dalam praktiknya independensi didalilkan untuk berlindung atas suatu perbuatan yang tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Oleh karenanya, perlu dilakukan penggalian makna independensi kekuasaan kehakiman sebagaimana amanat Pasal 24 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Pasal 24 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 menyatakan bahwa “kekuasaan kehakiman merupakan kekuasaan yang merdeka untuk menyelenggarakan peradilan guna menegakkan hukum dan keadilanâ€. Oleh karenanya, pertimbangan dari Mahkamah Konstitusi terkait putusan-putusan yang menjadikan Pasal 24 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 sebagai batu uji dalam pengujian undang-undang layak untuk dikaji dan diangkat menjadi tafsiran mengenai makna independensi kekuasaan kehakiman. Tulisan ini menggali pandangan hakim dalam putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi yang memuat pertimbangan mengenai independensi kekuasaan kehakiman. Penulisan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Tulisan ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan bahan hukum primernya adalah Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode kualitatif.This article examines the independence of judiciary by reviewing the Constitutional Court Decisions. Independence of judiciary is an absolute fact in a state of law (rechtstaat). A state of law, in the concept of Rule of Law or Rechtstaat, lists independence and impartiality of judiciary as one of its characteristics. However, independence is not as free as everybody can freely interpret the law. Often, in practice, independence is postulated so as to provide protection from an act that cannot be accounted for. Therefore, it is necessary to delve into the meaning of judicial power independency as mandated by Article 24 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution. Article 24 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution states that “judicial power is an independent power to administer judicial proceedings to enforce the law and justiceâ€. For that reason, it is reasonable that the Constitutional Court’s reasoning in relation to the decisions that render Article 24 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution a touchstone in the judicial review of the laws be investigated and regarded as an interpretation of the meaning of judicial power independence. This paper studies the views of the judges in the Constitutional Court decisions that contain the court’s reasoning regarding the judicial power independence. This paper was written by employing a juridical-normative method through a conceptual approach and a case approach. This paper uses secondary data with the Constitutional Court Decisions as the primary legal materials. The data were analyzed using a qualitative method
MENGGAGAS PENGADILAN HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL DALAM BINGKAI IUS CONSTITUENDUM SEBAGAI UPAYA PERWUJUDAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM DAN KEADILAN / INITIATING AN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS COURT IN THE FRAMEWORK OF IUS CONSTITUENDUM AS AN EFFORT TO REALIZE LEGAL CERTAINTY AND JUSTICE
Get PDFPengadilan Hubungan Industrial (PHI) dibentuk berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 2 Tahun 2004 tentang Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial. Ratio legis-nya adalah mewujudkan kepastian hukum dan keadilan melalui asas peradilan cepat, tepat, adil dan murah. Eksistensi PHI menimbulkan masalah, baik kemampuan pengetahuan pekerja/buruh tentang hukum formil maupun hukum ketenagakerjaan materil, proses lama, dan substansi hukum belum memadai. Tinjauan ini urgen dilakukan untuk identifikasi upaya yang dapat dilakukan agar ratio legis eksistensi PHI terwujud. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan didasarkan pada pengkajian hukum positif, yaitu UU No. 2 Tahun 2004. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah perundang-undangan untuk mengkaji asas-asas peradilan. Hasil tinjauan ini mengidentifikasi beberapa kelemahan, baik dari segi struktur hukum, substansi dan budaya hukum. Upaya untuk mengatasinya, yakni dengan membentuk PHI di setiap Pengadilan Negeri Kabupaten/Kota. Revisi UU No. 2 Tahun 2004 yakni : pengaturan yang memperluas pengertian subjek hukum pekerja/buruh dan pengusaha; lembaga konsiliasi dan arbitrase dipertimbangkan keberadaannya; pengaturan upaya hukum kasasi yang nilai gugatannya di bawah Rp.150 juta dihapus; pengaturan pailit dikategorikan sebagai keadaan mendesak dalam pemeriksaan acara cepat sinkron dengan ketentuan UU No. 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang; pengaturan khusus mengenai eksekusi putusan PHI dan pengaturan tidak memperkenankan upaya hukum PK dalam proses eksekusi. Kepastian hukum batas waktu proses administrasi perkara hingga pelaksanaan putusan. Optimalisasi pemanfaaatan sarana Informasi Teknologi (IT) dalam proses administrasi perkara, khususnya pemanggilan “delegasiâ€.The Industrial Relations Court (IRC) is instituted based on Law No. 2 of 2004 on Settlement of Industrial Relations Disputes. The ratio legis is to realize legal certainty and justice through the principle of fast, precise, fair and cheap judicial process. The existence of the IRC poses some problems with respect to the knowledge competence of workers/laborers in formal law and material employment law, as well as the lengthy process and insufficient legal substance. A review on this matter is urgently needed to identify the efforts that can be made so that the ratio legis for the existence of IRC can be established. The method used is a normative legal research method based on the study of positive law, namely Law No. 2 of 2004. The approach is using legislation to examine the principles of judicial process. The results of this review have identified several weaknesses in terms of legal structure, legal substance and legal culture. An effort to overcome them is by instituting an IRC in every District/Municipal Court. The revisions made to Law No. 2 of 2004 include: a regulation that broadens the definition of the legal subjects workers/laborers and employers; consideration of the existence of conciliation and arbitration institutions; revocation of the regulation on the appeal to the highest court for lawsuits below Rp 150 million in value; a regulation on bankruptcy to be categorized as an urgent situation in examinations by fast proceedings, consistent with the provisions of Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations; a specific regulation on the execution of IRC decisions and a regulation that does not allow the legal remedy of judicial review in the execution process; legal certainty with respect to the limit on the time frame from the case administration process up to the execution of the decision; optimization of the use of Information Technology (IT) facilities in the case administration process, especially in summoning the “delegatesâ€
TANGGUNGJAWAB REKTOR SEBAGAI KPA DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI YANG MENYELENGGARAKAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN BADAN LAYANAN UMUM (PTN PK-BLU)
Get PDFUniversities that apply the concept of Public Service Agency (BLU - PK PTN ) in performing functions as an organ which is engaged in the service infrastructure support through goods or services . As an institution under the auspices of the government and the state budget receives PTN PK - BLU implement mechanisms to acquire goods or services in accordance with the law. However, the procurement process in obtaining goods or services sometimes poses problems that arise as a consequence of the passage of the procurement of goods or services involving the organs in it as PA / KPA , KDP , ULP , and Committee / Receiver Procurement Officer. Rector of the KPA in PK - BLU PTN has the authority to control the organs that carry out the process of procurement of goods / services in the environment . Errors in the procurement process of goods / services performed by the CO and the ULP / Procurement Officer causing state losses due to these errors, either due to negligence or unlawful acts. As the KPA in the process of procurement of goods / services Rector can control the organs in accordance with the authority given. The consequences are acceptable if the authorities ultimately the procurement of goods / services did not heed the warning Rector officials related procurement process of goods / services will receive sanctions. Keywords: Authorized Budget, Financial State
BENTUK PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KEKAYAAN MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI SEBAGAI ASET NEGARA MELALUI INSTRUMEN KONTRAK
Get PDFState has the power to manage natural resources for the sake of social justice, the general welfare and are used as much as possible the greatest benefit for the greatest welfare of people. Contract law is the main instrument used to protect the state assets including oil and gas. Production Sharing Contract as a legal safeguard for oil and gas, is a fundamental pillar in the effort and utilization management activities of oil and gas. In the contracts involving the Government, called government contract, there is a unique characteristic which is not entirely subject to private law. In principle, the state should not be harmed, called as state immunity. This principle also applies universally in the interest of protecting the state assets. Keywords: Production Sharing Contract, Government Contract, State Immunity, Protection of State Assets Clause
PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN LEMBAGA KEUANGAN SYARIAH DALAM MENGHADAPI ERA PASAR BEBAS / OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF SHARIA FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN DEALING WITH FREE MARKET
Get PDFLembaga keuangan syariah merupakan komponen utama dalam penyelenggaraan sistem keuangan berbasis syariah. Keberadaannya kini telah diakui dalam kancah perekonomian dunia. Dalam konteks tersebut, lembaga keuangan syariah dihadapkan pada pasar atau perdagangan bebas yang menuntut adanya persaingan secara bebas dan minimnya hambatan tarif dan non tarif. Salah satu kekhasan pasar bebas adalah ekspektasi tinggi terhadap kualitas produk barang dan jasa serta bonafiditas lembaga-lembaga keuangan yang terlibat di dalamnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif-empiris terhadap peluang dan tantangan lembaga keuangan syariah dalam menghadapi pasar bebas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan lembaga keuangan syariah telah diakui secara internasional. Pasar bebas merupakan peluang bagi lembaga keuangan syariah dikarenakan probabilitas bagi meningkatnya pangsa pasar sangat terbuka. Namun demikian, pasar bebas juga menghadirkan tantangan tersendiri karena lembaga keuangan syariah dituntut untuk memiliki sumber daya yang profesional serta kelengkapan sarana dan prasarana pendukung. Untuk hal itu, diperlukan tindakan antisipatif agar lembaga keuangan syariah dapat bertahan di tengah era pasar bebas.Sharia financial institute was the core unit to implementatesharia economic system. It’s existence is well-recognized in the world economic dynamics. Towards free trade (free market), the institute of sharia financial should deal with the concept of free trade that insists free competition and minimizing the barrier of tariff and non-tarrif. One of the most preticular aspect of free market was the ultimate expectation of goods and services quality, besides the bonafidity of the parties in the market. The research was picking up normative-empirical method and is aiming to analyze the position and threats that should be dealt by sharia financial institution in free market era. The research found that it is well-recognized by the international economic communities.Freemarket is the main stage and opportunities for sharia financial institution to raise its market-share. Nevertheless, free market, simultaneously, presences a huge challenge for sharia financial institution in providing highly-qualified human resources and comprehensive infrastructure. Hence, it’s been urgently required some strategical and effective mission by the stakeholder to make sure that sharia financial institution could be exist for longtime period in dealing with free market
NEGARA BERDASARKAN HUKUM (RECHTSSTAATS) BUKAN KEKUASAAN (MACHTSSTAAT)
Get PDFThe vision of the rule of law was first forwarded by Plato and then confirmed by Aristotle. Plato’s concept stated that a good state administration is based on a good (law) arrangement, this term called nomoi. In further development Rudolf von Gneist name this term with rechtsstaat where earlier Albert Venn Dicey named it the rule of law. In principle rechtsstaat or rule of law aims to limit the rulers (government in a broad sense) attitudes and acts based on laws and regulations that apply at a certain place and time on the people. The doctrine of rechtsstaats or rule of law can only grow in a democratic country. Without the rule of law and democracy there will be only totalitarian, fascist, absolute and repressive ideology. Politics becomes the highest commander where the law become a means of maintaining the power which is inconsistent with the government. This form is called the state of power (machtsstaat). This article is trying to use empirical analysis. The doctrine of the state of law and democracy are both the attributes of the modern state of a political system built more than two centuries ago. The transformation of the democratic transition ensures that authoritarian rule becomes democracy based on the rule of law implying that both can be achieved together by involving all stakeholders given their respective roles and chance simultaneously according to the agreement.Keywords : rule of law, power sate, rule of law measurement, democrac
BUKTI ELEKTRONIK SEBAGAI ALAT BUKTI YANG SAH DALAM HUKUM ACARA PIDANA
Get PDFThe Criminal Procedure Code as a general criminal procedure does not recognize electronic evidence as one of the admissible types of evidence. In practice, electronic evidence is also used as an admissible evidence to prove the criminal offenses in court. From the results of the discussion it can be concluded that electronic evidence in criminal procedure law is a dependent evidence and an independent evidence (substitution of letter proof if it meets the principle of functional equivalent approach and expansion of evidence) as specified in several special laws and instruments issued by the Supreme Court. The electronic evidence is not regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code as a lex generalis, however, to achieve material truth it can also be used as a valid evidence for the provision of all types of criminal offenses in court. It is based on recognition in the practice of criminal justice, some special laws, and instruments issued by the Supreme Court.Keywords: electronic evidence, admissible evidence, criminal procedure code, proo