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PAPEL DA EAEU NA FORMAÇÃO DE ALIANÇAS POLÍTICAS E ECONÔMICAS: DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS
Get PDFHistórico: A questão do papel da União Econômica Eurasiática na formação de alianças econômicas e políticas continua relevante. A análise de documentos e opiniões de especialistas mostra que, atualmente, há muitas questões fundamentais não resolvidas no funcionamento da EAEU, associadas aos interesses divergentes das elites políticas e aos interesses econômicos das empresas. Isso sugere uma falta de coordenação da política econômica e um papel insuficiente na formação de alianças econômicas e políticas.O artigo tem como objetivo identificar os principais fatores que impedem a formação e o funcionamento da EAEU como uma aliança.Materiais e métodos: Foram analisados vários artigos científicos e casos reais de resolução de conflitos relacionados à EAEU.Resultados: Como resultado do estudo realizado, os principais problemas que impedem a formação completa de alianças econômicas e políticas foram sistematizados com a ajuda de instrumentos políticos. A falta de vontade dos estados-membros da EAEU de se comprometerem, o desejo de controlar todas as áreas de cooperação em seus territórios e as diferenças nas prioridades geográficas não permitem a criação de uma política coordenada unificada.Conclusão: A falta de vontade de limitar os interesses nacionais é um impedimento fundamental para a formação de alianças estratégicas
CRITERION ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRATION POTENTIAL OF COUNTERPARTIES IN SUPPLY CHAINS
Get PDFObjective. Goal of the study is to assess the integration potential of supply chain counterparties using interrelated criteria and develop unified criteria for evaluating logistical integration potential.Methods. The authors used methods of grouping, comparative and systematic analysis, expert assessments, questionnaires, comparison by analogy, and rating method. The methodological basis of the study is founded on the works of domestic and foreign specialists in the field of logistics integration, strategic partnership, and procurement management.Results. Key criteria for integration potential included joint planning, information integration, and resource sharing. Approximately 21% of companies showed significant integration potential, 32% had basic conditions, 28% had minimal potential, and 19% had none. Suppliers were categorized into strategic partners, preferred suppliers, basic suppliers, and one-time contractors, with different interaction strategies for each.Conclusions. Optimal integration levels vary by company and depend on factors such as enterprise type, industry, product specifics, and supplier relationships. While about 20% of companies can achieve high integration levels, most operate at stable or basic levels due to procurement maturity and transparency issues. Tailored integration strategies are essential for enhancing sup-ply chain partnerships and sustainability
¿PUEDE LA COSTUMBRE DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL PÚBLICO FUNGIR COMO UNA FUENTE DE DERECHO SUFICIENTE A LA HORA DE REGULAR LA JUSTICIABILIDAD DE LOS ACTOS IURE IMPERII?
Get PDFObjetivos: El presente artículo provee a acreditar que, a diferencia de lo que sostiene cierta vertiente doctrinaria, no puede entenderse a la costumbre de derecho internacional público como la fuente de derecho principal —y mucho menos exclusiva y excluyente— en virtud de la cual determinar la condición de ser o no justiciable un acto soberano ejecutado en el ejercicio de las competencias iure imperii.Metodología: A tal fin, el presente trabajo apelará a un examen comparativo de diversos leading cases tanto de la jurisprudencia del derecho continental europeo como del common law, examinándose, en tal sentido, las relaciones entre las disposiciones del derecho interno y el derecho internacional público, especialmente las atinentes a las normas ius cogens.Resultados: Los resultados indican que, incluso en aquellos sistemas jurídicos que adscriben al monismo, la propia costumbre debe ser interpretada de conformidad a principios de derecho público internos que, en cuanto tales, obstan a entender a tal costumbre como un criterio determinante o unívoco a la hora de aceptarse o excluirse la mentada justiciabilidad del acto del soberano.Consideraciones: Las consideraciones finales resaltan la complejidad de la relación entre derecho interno y derecho internacional público, enfatizando la necesidad de una interpretación cuidadosa de las normas que rigen la justiciabilidad de actos soberanos, a la luz de los principios del derecho público interno.Palabras clave: inmunidad soberana de jurisdicción; principios de derecho público; normas ius cogens; common law; derecho continental europeo.ABSTRACTObjectives: This article aims to demonstrate that, contrary to what certain doctrinal perspectives hold, customary international law cannot be understood as the principal source of law — much less an exclusive and exclusionary one — by which to determine whether a sovereign act executed in the exercise of its iure imperii competencies is justiciable.Methodology: To this end, the present work will appeal to a comparative examination of various leading cases from both continental European law and common law jurisprudence, focusing on the relationships between domestic law provisions and public international law, particularly regarding ius cogens norms.Results: The results indicate that, even in legal systems that adhere to monism, custom must be interpreted in accordance with principles of internal public law which, as such, prevent understanding such custom as a determining or unequivocal criterion when accepting or excluding the justiciability of a sovereign act.Considerations: The final considerations emphasize the complexity of the relationship between domestic law and public international law, highlighting the need for a careful interpretation of the norms governing the justiciability of sovereign acts, in light of the principles of internal public law.Keywords: sovereign immunity from jurisdiction; public law principles; jus cogens rules; common law; European continental law
TRANSFORMAÇÃO DO MERCADO DE TRABALHO NO CONTEXTO DAS TRANSFORMAÇÕES DIGITAIS DA ECONOMIA
Get PDFObjetivo: O objetivo da pesquisa é estabelecer as vantagens socioeconômicas e ameaças associadas à transformação do mercado de trabalho no contexto das transformações digitais da economia russa.Métodos: Os autores avaliam a digitalização da economia russa em nível global, comparando informações do Banco Mundial, da Escola Fletcher e da Euromonitor International, e analisam as mudanças socioeconômicas no mercado de trabalho usando observação empírica.Resultados: A análise conclui que a economia russa está passando por uma transformação do mercado de trabalho semelhante aos estados digitais desenvolvidos, mas enfrenta um declínio na população ativa e fuga de capital humano devido à migração.
ROLE OF INNOVATION AS A COMMUNICATION CHANNEL IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Get PDFObjective: The article examines the role of innovation as a communication channel within the digital economy, emphasizing its impact on socio-economic development and effective innovation management.Method: The study utilizes an analytical approach, reviewing existing literature, including academic journals, industry reports, case studies, and theoretical works on innovation, communication, and the digital economy.Results: The research highlights that innovation acts as a communication channel that facilitates the interaction between consumers and manufacturers, leading to improved decision-making and sustainable development. It underscores the transformation of socio-economic processes through innovative communication strategies.Conclusion: The study concludes that viewing innovation as a form of communication enhances the effectiveness of socio-economic development and aids in the adoption of sustainable development practices. It stresses the need for effective communication strategies to manage the noise and ensure the utility of innovations
INTERCULTURAL CONNECTIONS IN CENTRAL ASIA: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ZOROASTRIAN AND KAZAKH TRADITIONS, RELIGIOSITY, AND CULTURE
Get PDFThe purpose of this research is to study the cultural, religious, and linguistic connections between Zoroastrian tradition and Kazakh culture, as well as to identify common elements in language and worldview. Special attention is given to analyzing the historical roots of these connections and their impact on the formation of national identity.Methods: The study employs an interdisciplinary approach, including methods of linguistic analysis, comparative-historical method, and principles of philosophical reflection. An analysis of lexical parallels between Avestan and Kazakh languages was conducted, examining common elements of religious practices and worldview concepts.Results: A significant number of lexical correspondences between Avestan and Kazakh languages were identified, indicating the existence of stable linguistic and cultural ties. The preservation of several Zoroastrian elements in traditional Kazakh culture was established, particularly in ritual practices associated with fire worship and ancestor cults. The role of Zoroastrian heritage in shaping the concept of "traditional Islam" in Kazakhstan was determined. The influence of these factors on the contemporary cultural identity of the Kazakh people was analyzed.Conclusion: The study confirms the multifaceted cultural connections among the peoples of Central Asia. The identified parallels between Zoroastrian and Kazakh cultures reflect the complex nature of national identity formation and highlight the importance of studying historical heritage for preserving cultural diversity in the context of globalization
O TRIBUTO AMBIENTAL NA PERSPETIVA DO DIREITO FISCAL EUROPEU E INTERNACIONAL O PAPEL COOPERANTE ENTRE A UE E A OMC
Get PDFA influência do Direito Tributário na matéria ambiental tem sido um instrumento extremamente tentador para os Estados que pretendem desenvolver missões, objetivos e metas relacionadas com o desenvolvimento sustentável. Medidas que tenham em vista a implementação de mecanismos de produção mais eficientes, em termos económicos e também ambientais, só se tornam viáveis com uma intervenção ativa por parte do Estado – como sujeito ativo de impostos. A política da tributação e benefícios fiscais é absolutamente determinante na resolução da problemática relativa às falhas de mercado, bem como na redução de emissores poluentes e no crescimento da inovação em tecnologias verdes. Numa perspetiva internacional, a tributação ambiental tem de obedecer e respeitar as regras e limitações impostas pela OMC, que de forma clara e inequívoca, exige a consolidação de um equilíbrio entre a fiscalidade verde e a não perturbação do comércio internacional. Para tanto, o cumprimento do princípio da nação mais favorecida e, ainda, do tratamento nacional é perentório e irrenunciável. No que respeita ao direito comunitário, as políticas de fiscalidade verde têm que ser compatíveis com as regras de mercado interno entre os Estados-Membros, priorizando, sempre, a implementação de regras uniformes entre todos, por forma a evitar o fenómeno de fuga de carbono.
THE EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION OF TAX INCENTIVES MEASURES IN THE INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT EXTERNAL SHOCKS (FACTORS)
Get PDFThe relevance of the study is determined by the need to ensure sustainable innovative development of the Russian economy and the importance of assessing the effectiveness of tax regulation measures provided by the state in this process. The purpose of the work is to form a package of proposals for regulating tax measures to stimulate innovative development, taking into account external shocks, as well as to develop an indicator to assess the effectiveness of existing fiscal instruments in order to activate the scientific and technological potential of economic entities. The object of this study is to analyze the applied innovative tax incentives for demand and to develop an approach to assessing their effectiveness. The main methods used in this study include the collection and processing of statistical data, their comparative analysis, the study of the regulatory framework for tax regulation of science and technological development of the country, as well as other documents related to sustainable economic development. As a result of the study, areas for improving the applied tax instruments aimed at revealing the domestic scientific and technological potential, taking into account external factors, were identified. In addition, a multifactor model was developed to assess the effectiveness of tax incentives for innovative development IDt
THE TENSION BETWEEN DERIVATIVE WORKS PROTECTED BY FAIR USE AND COPYRIGHT INFRINGMENT LIABILITY IN INDONESIA
Get PDFThe act of transforming a copyrighted work is a common thing. Many art workers are inspired to develop and even adopt a pre-existing copyrighted work. The international community in this case recognizes a doctrine which states that copyright in certain cases has exceptions or limitations. These exceptions or limitations are referred to as the fair use doctrine. Fair use is a huge problem in digital media as many large companies try to ignore fair use in an effort to get more profit. Based on that problem the question is How does the role of copyright act provide protection for accommodation derivative works in Indonesia? The research approach used is normative juridical with descriptive analytical specifications. The results is the regulation of fair use in Indonesia copyright act is still unclear on the definition of 'reasonable interest' so it needs to be interpreted in the event of a legal dispute in the future. Based on this, if a work is not managed in an orderly manner based on legal principles, it can cause a dispute between the copyright owner and the copyright manager or other party who violates it
REFLEXIONES PARA ESTIMULAR EL AVANCE DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA Y TECNOLÓGICA EN LA UNIVERSIDAD PERUANA
Get PDFObjetivo: Someter a consideración algunos argumentos de reflexión a fin de que la universidad promueva el reto de estimular su vocación crítica y propositiva, formando recursos humanos altamente calificados, identificados con los valores éticos de la cultura científica, humanística y tecnológica.Métodos: El estudio adopta un enfoque de tipo cualitativo. Se revisó material bibliográfico a través de una búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos como Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo y Google Académico.Resultados: La investigación científica e innovación tecnológica constituyen función esencial y obligatoria de la vida de la universidad. De allí la necesidad de participar individual o de manera conjunta en proyectos de investigación y publicar en revistas indexadas de prestigio. Sienta las bases de la investigación formativa, requisito indispensable para inculcar el desarrollo de la investigación y la innovación en los estudiantes de educación superior. Con lo cual se demuestra de manera fehaciente que la universidad invierte en educación y promueve la investigación e innovación. La comunidad científica internacional reconoce que el calificativo de investigador se refleja a través de evidencias verificables, como los artículos en publicaciones científicas disponibles en revistas indizadas en bases de datos internacionales.Conclusiones: Investigador es aquel que ha demostrado competencia al concluir un proyecto de investigación que termine con la publicación de un artículo, donde la difusión de nuevo conocimiento beneficia a la comunidad universitaria. Las universidades deben mejorar las competencias de sus estudiantes en investigación e innovación y capacitar a los docentes en redacción y publicación científica, así como evaluar la producción científica. La investigación formativa constituye la construcción de conocimientos en el aula que si bien tienen analogía en el procedimiento con la investigación per se no tienen el conocimiento admitido como nuevo por determinada disciplina