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The impacts of blue stain degradation on the industrial processing properties of logs
Get PDFMavi renklenme tomruk, kereste ve kullanım yerlerindeki malzemede estetik karakteristikler ve mekanik şok direncinde neden olduğu
değişimler dolayısıyla önemli ekonomik kayıplara yol açmaktadır. Diğer yandan, zarara maruz kalmış malzemede emprenye ve üst
yüzey işlemlerindeki başarı oranının düşük olmasının tomruğun endüstriyel kullanım alanlarını önemli ölçüde sınırlandırdığı
bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma mavi renklenme zararının, tomruk işleyen orman endüstri işletmeleri üretim süreci üzerindeki etkilerini ve
neden olduğu kayıpları belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Araştırma, Gümüşhane ilinde Sarıçam tomruğu işleyen toplam 9 küçük ve orta ölçekli
kereste üretim işletmesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, mavi renklenme zararının boyutu tomruk toplam hacmine oranlanarak
değerlendirilmiştir. Diğer yandan, inşaat ve doğrama sektörlerine yönelik üretim gerçekleştiren işletmeler arasında, mavileşme
sonucu oluşan tahribat yönünden karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, mavi renklenme tahribatında hacmen zarara maruz
kalma oranının diri odun genişliği, tomruk boy ve çap değişkenlerine bağlı olmak üzere %32-84 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir.
Ayrıca, inşaat ve doğrama sektörlerine yönelik kereste üretimi yapan işletmeler arasında tomruk enine kesit yüzeyindeki mavileşmiş
alan genişliği ve bozuk hacim oranı değişkenlerine göre istatistiksel düzeyde anlamlı farklılıklar bulunduğu (p<0,05) tespit edilmiştir.
Diğer yandan, inşaat sektörüne yönelik üretim yapan kereste işletmelerinde mavi renklenme zararının göz ardı edildiği görülmüştür.
Doğrama sektörüne yönelik üretim yapan işletmelerde ise malzemenin görsel niteliklerinin iyileştirilmesi amacıyla mavileşmiş kısmın
uzaklaştırıldığı, ancak bu işlem dolayısıyla ilave enerji ve işgücü maliyetlerinin oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir.Blue staining leads to significant economic losses because of the changes it causes in the aesthetic characteristics and mechanical
shock resistance of log, timber and materials in the usage area. On the other hand, it is known that the low success rate of impregnation
and surface treatment in materials exposed to degradation considerably narrows down industrial usage areas of the logs. This study
aims to determine the effects of blue stain degradation on manufacturing process of forest industry managements processing log and
the losses caused by this. This research was conducted in a total of 9 small and medium sized lumber production managements
processing scots pine log in Gümüşhane province. In this study, the size of the blue stain degradation was evaluated by calculating the
total volume of the log. On the other hand, comparisons regarding blue stain degradation have been carried out between the
managements that conduct productions intended for the construction and woodworking sectors. At the end of the study, it has been
determined that the ratio of exposure to volumetric damages ranges between %32-84 depending on fresh wood width, log length and
diameter variables in the blue stain degradation. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that statistically significant differences (p<0.05)
exist between the blue stained area in corrupted volume ratio and the cross-section horizontal to the log variables between
managements manufacturing for the construction and woodworking sectors. On the other hand, it has been observed that blue stain
degradation is overlooked in timber manufacturers producing for the construction sector. In the managements manufacturing for the
woodworking sector, it has been identified that the blue stained part is removed to improve the visual qualities of the material, however,
additional energy and workforce costs originate because of this process
Application of peaks over threshold method in flood frequency analysis in Seyhan Basin
Get PDFTaşkın frekans analizi; nehirlerdeki belirli tekerrürlere veya olasılıklara karşı gelen akım miktarlarını elde edebilmek için kullanılan
bir yöntemdir. Bu yolla hidrolik yapıların projelendirilmesi ve ekonomik olarak değerlendirilmesi sağlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada
Seyhan Havzası’nda yer alan 1801 no’lu istasyon için eşik üstü pik değerleri kullanılarak taşkın frekans analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Eşik değer; eşik değer seçme grafiği, ortalama kalıntı ömrü grafiği, yayılım indeksi grafiği ile ortalama ve standart sapmaya bağlı
yöntem olmak üzere dört farklı yöntemle belirlenmiş ve elde dilen eşik üstü piklerin bağımsız olup olmadıkları otokorelasyon analizi
ile sınanmıştır. Bir sonraki adımda, kısmi süreklilik serilerinde sıklıkla kullanılan Genelleştirilmiş Pareto dağılımı uygulanarak
gözlenmiş değerlere uygunluğu sınanmıştır. Genelleştirilmiş Pareto dağılımının parametrelerinin ve hesaplanan 2, 5, 10, 25, 50,
100, 200, 500 ile 1000 yıl tekerrürlü taşkın debileri üzerinden güven aralıklarının belirlenmesiyle belirsizlik analizi yapılmıştır. Son
olarak farklı tekerrürler için hesaplanan taşkın debilerinin, yıllık maksimum değerler üzerinden elde edilen aynı tekerrürlü taşkın
debileri ile karşılaştırılması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre eşik üstü piklerin analizi ile elde edilen taşkın
tahminlerinin yıllık maksimumların analizi ile elde edilen taşkın tahminlerine kıyasla düşük tekerrür aralıklarında daha büyük
farklar gösterdiği, büyük tekerrürlerde ise (500 ve 1000 yıl) nispeten yakın sonuçlara ulaşıldığı görülmüştür.Flood frequency analysis is a statistical method that is used to obtain the amounts of flow corresponding to certain recurrences or
probabilities in rivers. In this way, the design and economic evaluation of hydraulic structures is provided. In this study, flood
frequency analysis was performed for the station numbered 1801 and located in Seyhan Basin by using peak values over an assigned
threshold. Threshold value was determined through four different methods that include threshold selection plot, mean residual life
plot, dispersion index plot as well as the method based on the mean and standard deviation; and autocorrelation analysis has been
tested to determine whether the peaks obtained above the threshold are independent. Generalized Pareto distribution which is
frequently used in partial duration series was applied and tested against the historically observed series. Uncertainty analysis was
performed by determining the parameters of the Generalized Pareto distribution and the confidence intervals over the calculated
flood flows of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 100, 200, 500 and 1000 years. Finally, flood quantities with the recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50,
100, 200, 500 and 1000 years were computed and compared to the corresponding quantities obtained from the annual maximum
series. According to the results, it was observed that, the differences between the flood estimates obtained by peaks over threshold
method and the analysis of annual maximums were bigger for the smaller recurrence intervals and the differences were relatively
small for large recurrence intervals (500 and 1000 years)
Kovid-19 from social work perspective: psychosocial effects and social transformations
Get PDFThis study focuses on the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China in December
2019 and spread around the world in a short time. This epidemic declared as a pandemic by the World Health
Organisation threatens the public health and lead to social crisis. Although various precautions such as social
isolation, lockdown and social distance are taken, thousands of people in the different regions of the world lost
their lives and thousands of new cases are identified. This outbreak that has deep effects on political, economic
and diplomatic relationships among the countries has become the most important agenda of the world. The
coronavirus that results in various psychologic, social and economic problems have led social trauma and
anxiety and both limited the social life and imposed serious changes. Social relations, working and education
life were rearranged according to the current situation. Additionally, some cultural values that have been
formed with the accumulation of years have either been damaged or changed or have faced the risk of
extinction. From this point of view, firstly, information was given about the global effects of the pandemic
process, and then the social change and transformation that emerged with the pandemic was emphasized, and
the effects of the issue on healthcare workers, who are defined as the new disadvantaged group during the
pandemic process, and the elderly, who are already considered among the advantageous groups in the society,
were discussed. In addition, in the study, social transformations and psychosocial effects of the pandemic were
evaluated with the perspective of social work discipline in the focus of the coronavirus pandemic. Suggestions
have been made for the realization of some professional practices that are considered essential, especially
psychosocial support services, covering all segments of society from individual to societyBu çalışmada 2019 Aralık ayında Çin’in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan ve kısa sürede tüm dünyaya yayılan
Yeni Tip Koronavirüse (Covid-19) odaklanılmıştır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından pandemi ilan edilen salgın
hastalık halk sağlığını tehdit etmekte ve toplumsal krizlere neden olmaktadır. Sosyal izolasyon, karantina ve
sosyal mesafe gibi birçok önlem alınmasına rağmen her gün dünyanın farklı bölgelerinde binlerce insan
yaşamını yitirmekte ve binlerce yeni vaka tespit edilmektedir. Ülkelerin siyasi, iktisadi ve politik ilişkilerini
derinden etkileyen söz konusu salgın dünyanın en önemli gündem maddelerinden biri haline gelmiştir.
Psikolojik, sosyal ve ekonomik birçok sorunu doğuran koronavirüs toplumsal travma ve kaygıya neden olmuş
ve sosyal yaşamı hem sınırlamış hem de ciddi değişiklikleri beraberinde getirmiştir. Sosyal ilişkiler, çalışma
ve eğitim hayatı mevcut duruma göre yeniden düzenlenmiştir. Hatta öyle ki yılların birikimiyle oluşmuş bazı
kültürel değerler ya zarar görmüş ya değişim göstermiş veyahut yok olma riskiyle karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Bu
noktadan hareketle önce pandemi sürecinin küresel etkileri hakkında bilgi verilmiş daha sonra ise pandemiyle
birlikte ortaya çıkan sosyal değişim ve dönüşüme vurgu yapılmış ve konunun pandemi sürecinde yeni
dezavantajlı grup olarak nitelendirilen sağlık çalışanları ile toplumda zaten devavantajlı gruplar içerisinde
değerlendirilen yaşlılar üzerindeki etkileri ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada koronavirüs salgını odağında sosyal
dönüşümler ve salgının psikososyal etkileri sosyal çalışma disiplini perspektifiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bireyden
topluma her kesimi kapsayan başta psikososyal destek hizmetleri olmak üzere elzem olarak görülen bazı
mesleki uygulamaların gerçekleşmesi için önerilerde bulunulmuştur
Social exclusion and adolescent wellbeing: Stress, school satisfaction, and academic self-efficacy as multiple mediators
No full textThis study explored how social exclusion predicted adolescent wellbeing via stress, academic self-efficacy, and school satisfaction. Data were collected from 328 adolescents in Turkey. Mediation analyses revealed that the negative effects of social exclusion on wellbeing were partially mediated by stress, academic self-efficacy, and school satisfaction. Given its important role in students' social, academic, and psychological development, researchers and practitioners may need to give more attention to social exclusion as a key risk factor for decreased wellbeing
Serum levels of nesfatin-1 and irisin in obese children
No full textThis work was supported by Coordinator of Scientific Research Projects at Artvin Çoruh University.Background: Along with the developing technology in the modern age, physical activity had decreased considerably in children and adolescents alike with a concomittant and rapid increase in the prevalence of childhood obsesity. The purpose of the present study is to measure the levels of serum nesfatin-1 and irisin in obese children. Methods: The present study was carried out with a total of 62 children, including 32 obese children diagnosed between June 2017 and October 2017 and 30 healthy children. Serum nesfatin-1, irisin, SOD,MDA, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT)), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), C-reactive protein (CRP), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (P), chromium (Cr), ferritin, and vitamin B12 data were collected for each patient. Results: In our study, mean nesfatin-1 and SOD values of the obesity group were lower than those of the control group (p <0.05, p <0.001), whereas irisin and MDA values were higher than those of the control group (p <0.001). Conclusion: Childhood obesity is still a significant global problem, despite increased social awareness and numerous preventive healthcare interventions. We believe that all the prospective studies to be carried out to evaluate the relationship between obesity-irisin-nesfatin-1 triad, will make positive contributions to treatment of obesity
Application of handheld laser scanning technology for forest inventory purposes in the NE Turkey
Get PDFForest inventory (FI) is the most challenging stage of forest management and planning process. Therefore, in situ surveys are often reinforced by modern remote sensing (RS) methods for collecting forestry-related data more efficiently. This study tests a state-of-the-art data collection method for practical use in the Turkish FI system for the first time. To this end, forest sampling plots were conventionally measured to collect dendrometric data from 437 trees in Artvin and Saçınka Forest Enterprises. Then, each plot was scanned using a handheld mobile laser scanning (HMLS) instrument. Finally, HMLS data were compared against ground measurements via basic FI measures. Based on statistical tests, no apparent differences were found between the two datasets at the plot level (P 0.97; P < 0.01). Residual analysis showed that both positive and negative errors had a homogeneous distribution, except for plot 8 where tree stems were in irregular shapes due to anthropogenic pressures. When all plots’ data were aggregated, average values for the number of trees, basal area, and timber volume were estimated as 535 trees/ha–1, 49.6 m2/ha–1, and 499.7 m3/ha–1, respectively. Furthermore, secondary measures such as the number of saplings and slope were successfully retrieved using HMLS method. The highest overestimation was in timber volume with less than 10% difference at the landscape level. The differences were attributed to poor data quality of conventional measurements, as well as marginal site conditions in some plots. We concluded that the HMLS method met the accuracy standards for most FI measures, except for stand height. Thus, the Turkish FI system could benefit from this novel technology, which in turn supports the implementation of sound forest management and planning
Looking for contact-induced language change: Converbs in heritage Turkish
No full textAims and objectives/purpose/research questions: The aim of the study is to contribute to
the debate about a possible contact-induced change in the heritage language and to examine
whether there is contact-induced language change at the morpho-syntactic level in Turkish spoken
in Germany. We focus on the perception and use of the converbs –Ip and –IncA in heritage Turkish.
Design/methodology/approach: The perception and production of the converbs –Ip and –IncA
by 30 German–Turkish bilinguals, who were born and have resided in Germany, are compared
with those of the control group.
Data and analysis: Two tasks are used in the study: a grammaticality judgement task and a
picture-story description task. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are utilized.
Findings/conclusions: The analysis of the perception of the converbs by the participants revealed
that the bilinguals’ perception of the grammatical constructions with –IncA and of the ungrammatical
constructions with –Ip and –IncA differed significantly from that of the monolinguals; however, the
perception of the grammatical constructions with –Ip was found to be similar between the bilingual
and monolingual groups. The analysis of the production of the converbs by the bilingual participants
showed that they tended to use the converbs significantly less than the monolingual control group
did. The qualitative analysis of the production task also revealed that there were several cases in the
use of the converbs that could be considered as ungrammatical and/or unconventional
The effects of different degrees of head-of-bed elevation on the respiratory pattern and drainage following thyroidectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Get PDFBackground: The patient’s position is important for ensuring patient comfort and preventing complications after
thyroidectomy.
Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the effects of different degrees of head-of-bed elevation (HOBE) on the
respiratory pattern and drainage following thyroidectomy and to provide suggestions for evidence-based clinical practice.
Methods: The sample of this prospective, parallel arm, randomized controlled trial included 114 patients undergoing thyroidectomy in a university hospital in Turkey. The patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to supine 0° (baseline), 30° and 45° HOBE
groups. Respiratory pattern including respiratory rate (RR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2
) and dyspnea, and
drainage including amount of drainage and hematoma formation were evaluated at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th hours following thyroidectomy.
Results: The majority of the patients (83.3%) were female and 84.2% had undergone total thyroidectomy. The mean RR (18.47,
95% CI=17.85-19.09) of the patients in the supine 30° HOBE group at the 1st hour was significantly higher than that of the
patients in the supine 0° group (17.32, 95% CI=16.88-17.76; p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the
SpO2 values of the patients in the groups (p>0.05). The amount of drainage was significantly higher in the supine 0° group at
the 2nd hour than that of the patients in the supine 45° HOBE group (5.92±5.18; 3.34±5.56 respectively; p<0.05). None of the
patients in the groups had hematoma formation. While no patient in the supine 30° HOBE group had dyspnea, dyspnea occurred
in 9 patients in the supine 0° group and in 3 patients in the supine 45° HOBE group.
Conclusion: This study showed that different HOBE positions resulted in clinically insignificant changes on the RR and amount
of drainage during the first 4 hours following thyroidectomy but did not affect SpO2
value
New scaling of theory of mind tasks: Where can the intentional aspect be scaled?
No full textThe purpose of the research is to develop a new theory of mind tasks, test its reliability and validity, and scale the intentional aspect of theory of mind. The study was designed as survey research, one of the quantitative research traditions. One hundred and fifty-eight children whose age ranged between 4 and 10 years were included in the research sample through quota sampling. Data were dichotomous so Rasch analysis was used to analyse the data. As result of Rasch analysis, it was found that the separation index is 7; reliability coefficient is 98; and the battery of the theory of mind task has robust model fit based on RMSE, infit mean-square and outfit mean-square. Difficulty analysis indicated that false belief tasks and real vs. disclosed intention are the hardest tasks, while diverse desires, implicit false beliefs, and diverse beliefs are the easiest tasks in the battery
White tea reduced bone loss by suppressing the TRAP/CTX pathway in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis model rats
No full textOsteoporosis is an important skeletal disease characterized by bone weakness and high risk of fracture in postmenopausal women. Tea consumption is known to play an important role in the prevention or alleviation of osteoporosis. However, the therapeutic effects of aqueous extracts of white tea (WT) have not been evaluated in osteoporosis rat models. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential anti-osteoporotic role of WT in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. WT was given orally at 0.5% w/v doses for 12 weeks in OVX rats. Biochemical parameters in blood samples, bone tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) and estradiol levels were evaluated. Bone mineral density and bone mineral content values were measured in the left femur. In addition to histopathological examination, osteolcalcin, osteopontin and TUNEL levels were determined. OVX group data demonstrated that bone loss occurred by thinning of the metaphyseal growth plates of the femur. Similarly, the levels of TRAP and CTX, markers of osteoclastic activity, were found to be high concurrently with a decrease in femoral bone mineral density. In addition, increased osteolcalcin and osteopontin levels were present in the metaphyseal growth zones. On the other hand, while TRAP and CTX levels were suppressed in the OVX-WT group, bone mineral content increased. In addition, TUNEL, osteocalcin and osteopontin positivity decreased in the right femoral metaphysis growth zones, proliferating zone and resting zone cells. These results showed that chronic WT consumption has a protective effect by reducing bone resorption in OVX-induced osteoporotic rats