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Impact of inert and inhibitor baking atmosphere on HMF and acrylamide formation in bread
No full textThe baking in N2 and CO2 atmosphere decreased by 50% the acrylamide, while this level was 99% in SO2. The
highest acrylamide content was detected in the control sample as 39.03 µg/kg. Additionally, the lowest HMF
content was determined in S-bread as 14.85 mg/kg. The baking atmosphere has a significant impact on L* and a*
colour values of bread. The highest L* value was measured in S-bread as 71.2, whereas it was the lowest in the
control sample as 49.1. According to the Pearson results, acrylamide showed a negative correlation between L*
value. However, no correlation was detected between colour values and HMF. Acrylamide had a positive correlation with flavour, although it did not affect the taste features of bread. No correlation between HMF and
sensory properties was determined. The result of the study suggested that inert or inhibitor baking atmosphere
may help prevent the Maillard reactions in bakery products.Akdeniz University: 2011.02.0121.02
Investigating persistent scatterer InSAR (PSInSAR)technique efficiency for landslides mapping: a casestudy in Artvin dam area, in Turkey
Get PDFMonitoring and determining landslides in dam reservoirs is very crucial as it is one of the main factors of dam failures in the world. Coruh river basin is one of the most important river basin in the Northeast part of Turkey which accompanies five big dams. Although persistent scatterer InSAR (PSInSAR) method is a powerful remote sensing technique which can measure and monitor displacements of the Earth’s surface over time, its validation is a challenging issue because of the heterogeneous PS data. In this study, the efficiency of PSInSAR is investigated by proposing two different validation methods in order to see the consistency of the determined mean deformation velocities obtained with series of Sentinel-1A SAR-images. In the first method, 3D coordinates of reference points are projected to 1D displacement values in line of sight direction and then compared with the radar displacements of PS points. In the second method, new displacement values of PS points around reference points are identified from an interpolation map in order to be compared with the original displacements of reference points. In the end, it is showed that the displacements found by PSInSAR method are consistent with the reference points’ displacements measured in the study area. Finally, this work’s specific objectives are to present solutions to the challenging validation problem, to show the effectiveness of PSInSAR method and to describe the remaining challenges in PS analysis of landslide applications in dam areas
Phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships of populations of Meriones tristrami Thomas, 1892 (Rodentia: Gerbillinae) in Turkey as inferred from Cytochrome-b and RFLP analysis
Get PDFThe present study aimed to reveal the relationship between the genetic diversity of Tristram’s jird Meriones tristrami subpopulations by using cyt-b sequences, the amplified fragments of cyt-b produced by restriction endonuclease (RFLP; Msp I, Rsa I, Noc I and Hae III were used) and the distribution on the Anatolian Peninsula. Eighteen haplotypes were identified in the subpopulations of this species, with the highest nucleotide diversity in the Central Anatolia. The haplotype diversity was determined to be 0.970 among subpopulations. The fixation index (Fst) and the gene flow parameter (Nm) based on cyt-b sequences showed the effective gene flow between the western and south-eastern subpopulations. Both cyt-b sequences and RFLP analyses produced almost similar topology in the Bayesian and UPGMA trees, indicating a gene flow from subpopulations of the South-east to Central Anatolia and the Western Black Sea coast. The main factor for the genetic diversity is considered to be the intermittent distribution from west to east as a result of the great altitude of the Eastern Anatolian Plateau as well as the sea and lake system fragmenting the territory of Anatolia in the Pliocene – Pleistocene AgeThis study was financially supported by the Ankara University-BAP 09H4240003 and TBAG-107T32
Biretü'l-Fırat (Birecik) district foundations according to Hurufat Books
No full textTarih boyunca insanların temel ihtiyaçlarının başında su geldiğinden insanoğlu yerleşim
yeri belirlerken her zaman sulak alanların bulunduğu yerleri tercih etmiştir. Birecik de bu tanıma
uygun yapı ve coğrafyaya sahip olduğundan tarih boyunca birçok medeniyete ev sahipliği
yapmıştır. Şehir, Osmanlı Devleti’nin idaresine katılıncaya kadar, Hitit, Asur, Hurri, Mittani,
Roma, Emevi, Bizans, Selçuklu, Urfa Haçlı Kontluğu, Zengi, Artuklu, Timurlu, Akkoyunlu ve
Memluklü hâkimiyetinde kalmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti bölgeye hâkim olduktan sonra şehirde
tersane inşa etmesi, Birecik’i mühim bir merkez haline getirmiştir. Uzun süre bu önemini
koruduktan sonra İstanbul-Bağdat demir yolunun Birecik’in güneyinden geçmesi, kervan
ticaretinin önemini kaybetmesi ve Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında ve sonrasında meydana gelen
sebepler yüzünden şehir önemini kaybetmiştir.
Osmanlı Devleti vakıflar aracılığıyla hâkim olduğu yerlerde cami, mescit, medrese, han,
hamam, zaviye gibi yapı ve kurumlarla donatmıştır. Bu yapılara dair birtakım bilgilere hurufat
defterlerinde ulaşılmaktadır. Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğünde tutulan bu defterlerden 25 tanesi
Birecik ile alakalıdır. Osmanlı Devleti döneminde şehir, Biretü'l-Fırat olarak anıldığından
kayıtları da bu isimle yazılmıştır. Bu kayıtlar, 1691-1835 yıllarını kapsayan 144 yıllık bir zaman
dilimine ait olmakla beraber, belgeler ağırlıklı olarak XVIII. yüzyıla aittir. İncelenen bu
defterlerde kaza statüsünde olan şehrin kapıları, mahalleleri, nahiyeleri, köyleri, kazada bulunan
vakıfları, görev yapan personelleri ve aldıkları ücretler tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen
bu veriler, arşiv belgeleri ve daha önce ilçe üzerine yazılmış eserlerle desteklenmiştir. Ayrıca
bahsedilen bu vakıfların günümüzde var olup olmadığı belirtilmiştir.Since water has been at the forefront of people's basic needs throughout history, human
beings have always preferred places with wetlands when determining an area for settlement.
Since Birecik has a structure and geography that fits this definition, it has hosted many
civilizations throughout history. The city had remained under the rule of the Hittite, Assyrian,
Hurrian, Mitanni, Roman, Umayyad, Byzantine, Seljuk, County of Edessa, Zengid, Artuqid,
Timurid, Aq Qoyunlu, and Mameluke states until it joined the administration of the Ottoman
State. The fact that the Ottoman State built a shipyard in the city after taking control of the
region made Birecik an important center. Having maintained this importance for a long time,
the city lost its importance due to the Istanbul-Baghdad railway crossing south of Birecik, the
trade of caravan losing its importance, and the reasons that emerged during and after the World
War I.
The Ottoman State constructed structures and institutions such as mosques, masjids,
madrasahs, inns, Turkish baths, and lodges by means of foundations in the places under its
control. Some information about these structures can be found in the Hurufat Books. 25 of these
books kept at the General Directorate of Foundations are related to Birecik. Since the city was
called Biretu'l-Firat during the Ottoman period, the records about it were recorded under this
name. Although these records belong to a 144-year period covering between 1691-1835, the
documents are predominantly from the 18th century. The gates of the city in the status of a
district, neighborhoods, townships, villages, foundations in the city, the officials of these
foundations, and their wages were tried to be determined by examining these books. These data
were supported using archive documents and the previous works on the district. It was also
stated whether these foundations still exist today
Evaluation of attitudes toward epilepsy and health fatalism in northeastern Turkey
No full textPurpose: This study was carried out to identify the attitudes toward epilepsy, health fatalism, and the factors affecting these in individuals living in Artvin in the northeast of Turkey.
Method: This descriptive and cross-sectional study involved 1443 healthy individuals at a hospital in Artvin in
northeastern Turkey between January and March 2020. An individual information form, an epilepsy attitude
scale, and a religious health fatalism scale were used to assess their views. An independent sample t-test,
Mann–Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data.
Results: The mean score of participants' attitudes on epilepsy was 48.17 (standard deviation (SD) = 12.93), while
the mean of their health fatalism score was 48.43 (SD = 17.41). There was a significant negative correlation between attitude scores and health fatalism (r = −0.084, p = 0.001). Significant differences were found among
attitude, health fatalism mean scores, and misconceptions associated with religion about epilepsy being a contagious, psychiatric, and incurable disease that should be hidden. Significant differences were additionally observed
among attitude, health fatalism mean scores, and education, marital status, income, employment status, and
presence of chronic disease (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: It was found that most individuals had moderate level attitude toward epilepsy and had high health
fatalism. Individuals with a high degree of health fatalism were found to have more negative attitude toward epilepsy. Attitude was found to be more negative, and health fatalism was found to be higher in individuals with
low education level, low-income level, who were married, who were unemployed, who had a chronic disease,
and in those who thought epilepsy was a contagious, psychiatric, and incurable disease associated with religion
that should be hidden.
Implications: It is recommended that health professionals organize training programs to increase public understanding of epilepsy, improving individual attitudes toward the condition, and minimizing health fatalis
Mycorrhizal fungi diversity of Serapias orientalis
Get PDFOrkideler, yumrularının aşırı toplanması ve habitatlarının ciddi şekilde tahrip olması sonucu yok olma
tehdidi altındadır. Doğada orkidelerin korunması mikorizal fungus biyolojik çeşitliliğinin varlığına
bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada, Orta ve Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinde 4 ilin (Samsun, Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon)
sınırları içinde farklı habitatlardan toplanan Serapias orieantalis (Greuter ) Bauman H, Künkele
köklerindeki mikorizal fungusların moleküler tanımlaması yapılmıştır. Bitki kökleri 2015 bahar
aylarında toplanmış ve önce mikroskopta incelenerek mikorizal funguslar izole edilmiştir. Saflaştırılan
izolatlar, koloni özellikleri (koloni tipi, koloni rengi), hif yapısı (hif çapı ve dallanma yapısı) ve çekirdek
sayılarının belirlenmesi amacıyla PDA (patates dektroz agar) ortamında geliştirilmiştir. İzolatları
morfolojik özelliklerine göre gruplandırmak için küme analizi (UPGMA) yöntemi uygulanmış ve
kladogram oluşturulmuştur. Kümeleme analizine göre oluşturulan 3 grubun izolatlarını moleküler
düzeyde tanımlayabilmek için ITS-1 ve ITS-4 primerleri kullanılarak nüklear ribozomal DNA (rDNA)’nın
ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 gen bölgesi çoğaltılmıştır. DNA dizilimine dayanarak, 13 Rhizoctonia benzeri izolatın
Tulasnella cinsi ile 2 Rhizoctonia benzeri olmayan izolatın Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. türü ile yakın
ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur.Orchids are under a serious threat of extinction as a result of both excessive collecting and severe
destruction of their habitats. Studies conducted have shown that the protection of orchids depends on
the presence of mycorrhizal fungal biodiversity. In this study, molecular identification of mychorrhizal
fungi of Serapias orieantalis roots taken from different habitats within the borders of 4 provinces
(Samsun, Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon) in the Central and Eastern Black Sea region was conducted. Plant
roots were collected in the spring of 2015 and first examined under a microscope and then mycorrhizal
fungi were isolated. Purified isolates were developed in PDA (potato dectrose agar) medium in order
to determine colony characteristics (colony type, colony color), hif structure (hif diameter and
branching structure) and core numbers. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) method was applied to group the
isolates according to their morphological characteristics and a cladogram was created. Nuclear
ribozomal DNA (rDNA)’nın ITS 1-5.8S-ITS 2 gene region was amplified using ITS 1/ITS 4 primers in order
to identify isolates of 3 groups formed according to morphological data at the molecular level. Based
on the DNA sequence, 13 Rhizoctonia-like isolates were closely related to the Tulasnella genus, and 2
Rhizoctonia-unlike isolates were closely related to the Fusarium oxysporum
Effects of harvesting residues on juvenile seedling characteristics of brutian pine
Get PDFKızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) fidecik özellikleri üzerinde gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, fidanlık
koşullarında ekim yastıklarına kesim artıkları (ibre, dal ve kabuk) uygulanarak türün tohum meşceresi
ve tohum bahçesi orijinlerinden yetiştirilen fideciklerinde; fidecik boyu, hipokotil boyu, epikotil boyu
ve kotiledon sayısı araştırılmıştır. Tohum kaynağı ve işlemler arasında geniş farklılıklar bulunmakla
birlikte çalışma sonucunda; ortalama fidecik boyu 8.03 cm, ortalama hipokotil boyu 1.33 cm, ortalama
epikotil boyu 6.70 cm ve ortalama kotiledon sayısı 7.98 bulunmuştur. Uygulanan varyans analizi
sonucunda, epikotil boyu dışındaki diğer fidecik özellikleri için tohum kaynakları ve işlemler arasında
istatistiksel bakımından anlamlı farklılık (p<0.05) ortaya çıkmıştır. Uygulanan korelasyon analizi
sonucunda, fidecik özellikleri arasında istatistiksel bakımdan anlamlı (p<0.05) pozitif ilişkiler
bulunmuştur. Fidecik boyu bakımından her iki tohum kaynağında da dal işlemlerinin diğer işlemlere
oranla daha başarılı olduğu söylenebilir.Height, hypocotyl length, epicotyl length and cotyledon number were investigated in juvenile
seedlings of its seed orchard and seed stand treated by harvesting residues (neddle, branch and bark)
of Brutian Pine (Pinus brutia Ten.). Averages of height, hypocotyl length, epicotyl length and cotyledon
number in juvenile seedlings were 8.03 cm, 1.33 cm, 6.70 cm and 8, respectively, while there were
large differences between seed sources and among treatments. Results of analysis of variance showed
statistically significant (p<0.05) differences between seed sources and among treatments for the
characteristics except for epicotyl length. Positive and significant (p<0.05) relations were generally
found among the characteristics based on the results of correlation analysis. Branch treatment
showed higher growth performance for seedling height than other treatments in both seed sources
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy with angiotensin ii type 1 receptor gene variants: A case control study in a Turkish population
No full textThis study was supported by a grant of the Research Foundation of University of Artvin Coruh, Turkey (Grant No. 2011.M80.02.01). This work was supported by Dr. Umut Tendik (Internal Medicine specialist), providing us with samples and diagnoses of T2DM and DN patients and we express our gratitude to him.Objective: This study was performed to determine the polymorphism frequencies of the Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) A1166C, and to examine the role of this polymorphism in type-2 diabetes (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) development. Design: This is a research study. Setting: Clinic for Internal Medicine, Artvin State Hospital, Turkey Subjects: The study consisted of 259 (135 T2DM and DN + 124 controls) persons referred to the Clinic for Internal Medicine, Artvin State Hospital. Intervention: This study used peripheral blood samples. Main outcome measures: Two hundred and fifty-nine genomic DNAs were analyzed. AT1 gene A1166C polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism and electrophoresis. PCR products were digested with restriction enzyme HindIII and were analyzed in 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: The frequencies of A1166C genotypes were found to be 32.3% AC and 67.7% CC in controls and 73% AC and 27% CC in total patient group. Statistically, it was found that the AT1 gene A1166C polymorphism genotype was significantly different between the control group and the total patient’s group. Conclusions: As a result, we can say that there is an interaction between the AT1 gene A1166C polymorphism with T2DM and DN
The effect of sociodemographic characteristics of adolescents on E-Health literacy
No full textAs a result of having easy access to the internet and mobile devices, a great part of the population uses the internet in order to search for information related to health; therefore, health literacy on the internet has gained importance
Supercritical water gasification of sewage sludge by continuous flow tubular reactor: A pilot scale study
No full textTreatment and disposal of sewage sludge constitute one of the major problems of wastewater treatment plants due to high water content and more stringent environmental regulations. Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) technology is accepted as a promising method for sustainable sludge disposal because of the elimination of need for costly water reduction and drying processes before disposal by conventional methods. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of temperature (450–650 °C), solid matter content (1–2%) and catalyst addition (0.5–2% KOH) on supercritical gasification of sewage sludge in a continuous-flow pilot scale tubular reactor. The results indicate that the gasification efficiency is generally temperature dependent. Furthermore, catalyst addition improves the gasification efficiency at high solids content. The produced gas contains 60% of H2 and 22% of CH4 at experimentally determined optimal conditions (650 °C, 2% solid matter content, 2% KOH). The resulting gas contains H2S and CO below detection limits and there is no need for additional treatment. Consequently, SCWG technology provides complete decomposition of organic matter in a short time, clean gas formation with higher energy content, and volumetric reduction compared to conventional methods.Scientific Research Projects Coordinator-ship of Yildiz Technical University (BAP)
Project Number: 2016-05-02-KAP01 and 2016-05-02-DOP0