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Producing climate boundary maps using GIS interface model designed with Python
No full textClimate and its effects need to be examined within a more planned and comprehensive framework to prevent the unfavorable impact of climate change. Thus, climate effects on the ecosystem can be identified by determining the geographical boundaries of different climate types. The Koppen, Trewartha, Thornthwaite, Erinc, Aydeniz, De Martonne, and De Martonne-Gottman methods are used in the classification of climates. These methods enable the regional differences of climate types to be determined and their changes over the years to be examined. A number of studies examining climate classes have produced graphic findings and maps. The absence of new approaches has resulted in climate classifications still being carried out via manual studies. However, a program for identifying and representing these methods in a convenient, fast, and automated way could facilitate the completion of analyses in a shorter time. The programming languages developed in recent years have made it easy to design interface models that can perform analyses faster and easier than prolonged manual methods. In this study, a climate boundary determination interface model, designed using the Python programming language, was developed for use in the ArcGIS 10.6 program to determine geographical climate boundaries automatically. The provinces of Artvin, Ordu, Rize, Trabzon, Giresun, Bayburt, and Samsun (Turkey) were chosen as the study area to test the interface model. The resulting interface model design is expected to: (1) address the dimensions of climate change in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change studies; (2) identify the climate changes in our country as an objective of the National Climate Change Strategy; and (3) determine the land-use changes caused by climate boundaries and examine the ownership dimension of the adaptation process in the declaration published by the International Geodesy Federation in 2014
Inclusive future making: building a culturally responsive behavioral support system at an urban middle school with local stakeholders
No full textThis article presents a formative intervention study, called Learning Lab that facilitated the collective design of a culturally responsive behavioral support system at an urban middle school in the United States. Learning Lab united parents, teachers, support staff, education leaders, and researchers, specifically those who have been historically excluded from schools’ problem-solving activities to address an inner contradiction that they face—racial disproportionality in school discipline. Learning Lab members excavated and analyzed the school’s discipline system with its activities and disturbances and designed a new school-wide behavioral support system that is responsive to diverse experiences, perspectives, practices, and goals of their school community. A qualitative analysis of the Learning Lab process was conducted related to the development of the new system. Members examined outcomes in the existing discipline system, identified daily manifestations of the inner contradiction and collectively designed a culturally responsive system. The study showed the “how” of a systemic design and transformation process that helped develop a deeper understanding of educational change as a form of collective learning. The study demonstrated how a secondary artifact (system mapping) might facilitate movement from problem-definition to envisioning new possibilities. Given the inability of top-down education policies to impact sustained systemic transformation in schools, Learning Lab provides an ecologically valid collective knowledge-production and systemic design process that shows the possibilities of transforming marginalizing systems from the ground-up and collectively envisioning schools as spaces of solidarity, emancipation, and innovation
On the burr XII-gamma distribution: development, properties, characterizations and applications
No full textWe introduce a four-parameter lifetime model with flexible hazard rate called the Burr XII gamma (BXIIG) distribution. We derive the BXIIG distribution from (i) the T-X family technique and (ii) nexus between the exponential and gamma variables. The failure rate function for the BXIIG distribution is flexible as it can accommodate various shapes such as increasing, decreasing, decreasing-increasing, increasing-decreasing-increasing, bathtub and modified bathtub. Its density function can take shapes such as exponential, J, reverse-J, left-skewed, right-skewed and symmetrical. To illustrate the importance of the BXIIG distribution, we establish various mathematical properties such as random number generator, ordinary moments, generating function, conditional moments, density functions of record values, reliability measures and characterizations. We address the maximum likelihood estimation for the parameters. We estimate the adequacy of the estimators via a simulation study. We consider applications to two real data sets to prove empirically the potentiality of the proposed model
An improvement of current driving and electrical conductivity properties in covetics
Get PDFCompared to pure Cu, Cu lattice retaining carbon atoms, called a covetic material, can have better
electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the incorporation of carbon nanostructures into Cu-alloys could improve
the mechanical properties of Cu-alloys. In the simulation study, we investigated Joule heating due to applied DC
current on molten Cu metal concerning how to improve current density of covetic materials. In addition, we will
discuss interfacial effects on covetic-metal electrodes to meet better current driving performance. The covetic
composite excited at one electrode (width = 10 nm) has a higher current drive capability as a value of 3.54 107
A/m2
, for 1000 A current at a temperature of 1073.2 K, this value is a constant while temperature is changing
up to 1573.2 K. We measured the conductivity of the proposed covetic materials at various carbon nanotube
densities at room temperature. Experimental results show the lowest resistivity value accomplished after mixing
and temperature annealing as a value of 1.78 10−8 Ω.m, where the covetic sample has 1.27% carbon nanotube
density, and that the electrical conductivity is superior to that of Cu-carbon nanotube composites previously
report
Mega forest fires: causes, organization and management
No full textThe year 2021 is important in terms of forest fire history in our country. Because during the end of July to mid-August, when the weather conditions were unusual, fires that could be classified as "mega fires" took place. These fires are very fast-spreading, high-intensity and destructive fires. In cases where the moisture content of fine dead combustible material falls below 7% and the wind speed exceeds 25 km/h, the spread rate, intensity and the severity of fire increase significantly. One of the most important features of mega fires is that the spread of the fire is supported by multiple and long-range spotting. Such fires cannot be intervened directly in situations where flammable materials, terrain conditions and especially weather conditions do not allow. For this reason, when the weather conditions are unusual, the only possible suppression strategy for major fires should be to take precautionary measures to protect lives, important places and resources. In this context, it is a priority to implement measures related to the safety of life and property. In this section, the causes, organization and management of mega forest fires were evaluated, and suggestions made for practical applications. The causes of major fires and the factors affecting the magnitude of the damage of mega fires were evaluated in the context of the fire that affected approximately 55 thousand hectares of land in Antalya-Manavgat in 2021
Usage of hazelnut husk as growing media in Scarlet sage (Salvia splendens)
Get PDFBu çalışmada, Ateş çiçeğinin büyüme ve kalite parametreleri, fotosentetik pigmentleri ile besin
maddesi içerikleri üzerine fındık zurufunun etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Ateş
çiçeği fideleri kontrol (%100 torf) ve farklı oranlarda fındık zurufu içeren altı yetiştirme ortamında beş
yinelemeli olarak denenmiştir. Bitkilerde estetik görünümü, taç genişliği, çiçek sayısı ve ağırlığı, ana
sürgün sayısı, bitki boyu, bitki yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları, klorofik a ve b, klorofil
a+b, karotenoid, klorofil a+b/karotenoid ve besin içerikleri (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn ve Mn) tespit
edilmiştir. Ateş çiçeğinin kalsiyum, magnezyum ve demir dışındaki tüm özellikleri üzerine fındık
zurufunun etkili olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmadaki özelliklerin en yüksek ortalama değerleri “%50
Torf/Perlit+%50 Fındık Zurufu” ortamından elde edilmiş olduğu için, ateş çiçeği için bu yetiştirme
ortamı kullanılabilir. Ayrıca, deneme boyunca bitkilerde herhangi bir bitki besin maddesi noksanlığı
gözlenmemiştir ancak bütün ortamlarda mangan değerinin düşük olması nedeni ile gübreleme
programında mangan önerilebilir.In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of hazelnut husk on the growth and quality
parameters, photosynthetic pigments and nutrient content of Scarlet sage. For this purpose, the
seedlings of Scarlet sage were tested in five replications on control (100% peat) and six growing media
containing different proportions of hazelnut husk. In plants, aesthetic appearance, crown width,
number and weight of flowers, number of main shoots, plant height, plant fresh and dry weights, root
fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll a+b, carotenoid, chlorophyll a+b/carotenoid and
nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) were determined. The study revealed that
hazelnut husk was effective on all characteristics of Scarlet sage except calcium, magnesium and iron.
Since the highest average values of the characteristics in the present study were obtained from growing
media “50% Peat/Perlite+50% Hazelnut Husk”, this growing media can be used for Scarlet sage. In
addition, no plant nutrient deficiencies were observed in the plants during the experiment, but
manganese can be recommended in the fertilization program due to the its low value observed in all
media
Kent ve insan: 19.yüzyılın ilk yarısı Rus edebiyatında Peterburg
Get PDFBeing a part of people's sense of belonging, the city plays a central role in human life as a living entity. One of the foundations that determines this center is the fact that the city establishes the construction of human existence and creates a part of its totality. For people who form their identity within the framework of a place, the city, as one of the dimensions of space, is a building block of the existence process; and in this process of existence, there is a three-dimensional interaction structure as in the role of space in the human-space, space-human and human-human relationship. Founded in 1703, the city of Petersburg, Russia's window to the West, became the symbol of the modernization of Tsar Peter I and the new Russian thought. However,this symbol, together with the social order created by the new city, became the center of serious debates. Both as a representation of the new culture and as a place where social contradictions are clearly felt, Petersburg would bring with it a complex process. This process also finds expression in the literature of the period and two types of discourse on Petersburg develop. On the one hand, Petersburg is regarded as Russia's window to the West and a symbol of modernization. On the other, it is considered as a soulless, bureaucratic city where individuality is dominated, and the capitalist system does not give common people the right to live. Within the boundaries of our work, the theme of Petersburg in Russian literature of the first half of the 19th century will be discussed in the context of the human-space relationship within a framework of such writers as Aleksandr Pushkin, Mihail Lermontov, Nikolay Gogol, Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Petersburg will be evaluated as both the writers' sensation of the world and the place of existence and struggle of their protagonists.İnsanın aitlik duygusunun bir parçası olan kent, kimi zaman adeta canlı bir varlık gibi
insan yaşamının merkezinde yer alır. Bu merkezi belirleyen temellerden biri; mekân
olarak kentin insan varoluşunun inşasını, bütünselliğinin bir parçasını oluşturmasıdır.
Kimliğini bir mekân çerçevesinde oluşturan insan için kent; mekânın boyutlarından
biri olarak varoluş sürecinin yapı taşlarından biridir ve bu varoluş sürecinde insanmekân, mekân- insan ve insan-insan ilişkisinde mekânın rolü gibi üç boyutlu bir
etkileşim yapısı söz konusudur. 1703 yılında kurulan Peterburg kenti, Avrupa’ya açılan
pencere olarak Çar I.Petro modernleşmesinin, yeni Rusya düşüncesinin sembolü olur.
Ancak bu sembol, aynı zamanda yeni kentin yarattığı toplumsal düzen ile beraber
ciddi tartışmaların da merkezinde yer alır. Peterburg artık hem yeni kültürün temsili
hem de toplumsal çelişkilerin açıkça hissedildiği bir mekân olarak karmaşık bir süreci
beraberinde getirir. Bu süreç dönemin edebiyatında da ifade bulur ve Peterburg’a
dair iki tür söylem gelişir. Peterburg bir taraftan Rusya’nın Batı’ya açılan penceresi,
modernleşmenin sembolü olarak değerlendirilirken, diğer taraftan bireyselliğin
hâkimiyet altına alındığı, kapitalist sistemin küçük insanlara yaşam hakkı tanımadığı
ruhsuz, bürokratik bir kent olarak değerlendirilir. Bu çerçevede çalışmamızın sınırları
içinde Aleksandr Puşkin, Mihail Lermontov, Nikolay Gogol, Fyodor Dostoyevski gibi
yazarlar çerçevesinde insan-mekân ilişkisi bağlamında 19. yüzyılın ilk yarısı Rus
edebiyatında Peterburg teması ele alınacak, Peterburg hem yazarların dünya
duyumsayışı, hem de kahramanlarının varoluş ve mücadele mekânı olarak
değerlendirilecektir
Chemical composition of essential oil by SPME and evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant activities of quercus inectoria GALL
Get PDFQuercus infectoria galls have been utilized to cure widespread illnesses. In line with it, this paper aims to investigate the chemical combination of the volatile oils obtained from galls of Q. infectoria and evaluate their antioxidant and antimicrobial features. The volatiles of Q. infectoria has been isolated by solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The compositions of the volatiles were revealed via gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty-nine substances have been characterized in the volatile essential oil of Q. infectoria. The major components of the volatile oil were (Z)-Anethol 28.55%, pentadecanolide (26.44%), diethyl phthalate (6.46%), and acetoin (5.66%). Q. infectoria showed good-moderate antimicro-bial (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptomyces griseolus, Pseudomonas citronellosis) and antifungal (Candida glabrata, Candida krusei) activities against to test microorganisms with MIC value 250 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL, respectively. Also, total flavonoid and total polyphenol amounts were found for Q. infectoria, and our to-tal polyphenol result (342.87 mg GAE/g) was found higher than the studies in the literature. At the same time Q. infectoria has been observed to have high antioxidant activity according to DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays. Especially it exhibited excellent DPPH activity for the IC50 rate of 0.002 μg/mL which is higher than the standard Trolox (IC50 = 0.008 μg/mL). This study is important because it is the first one, which reports the determination of essential oil, total polyphenol, flavonoid contents, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities all together for Q. infectoria
Determination of optimum solution concentration for the best thermal conduction properties of plywood treated with fire retardant chemicals by artificial neural network
Get PDFYangın geciktirici kimyasallar, uygulanmış oldukları malzemelerin fiziksel, mekanik ve diğer bazı
teknolojik özellikleri üzerinde farklı etkilere neden olmaktadır. Bu etkiler, çözeltilerin konsantrasyon
miktarlarına ve retensiyon miktarlarına bağlı olarak değişim gösterebilmektedir. Bu yüzden, yangın
geciktirici kimyasalların uygulandıkları malzemeleri kullanım yerlerinde istenilen özelliklere göre en az
seviyede olumsuz etkileyebilmesi için en uygun konsantrasyonlarda kullanılması gerekmektedir. Bu
çalışmada, farklı yangın geciktirici kimyasallarla emprenye edilmiş kontrplakların en iyi ısı iletim
özellikleri için optimum çözelti konsantrasyon değerlerinin yapay sinir ağları aracılığıyla (YSA)
belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Deneysel veriler, literatürde tarafımızca yapılan önceki çalışmadan elde
edilmiştir. Ağaç türü olarak, sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) ve kızılağaç (Alnus glutinosa subsp. barbata),
yangın geciktirici kimyasal olarak da çinko borat, monoamonyum fosfat ve amonyum sülfat
kullanılmıştır. Kaplama levhaları daldırma metoduna göre emprenye edilmiş ve %5, %7 ve %10 olmak
üzere üç farklı çözelti konsantrasyonları seçilmiştir. Kontrplak levhalarının ısı iletim özelliklerini
belirlemek için ısıl iletkenlik katsayıları ASTM C 518 standardına göre belirlenmiştir. Deneysel olarak
elde edilen veriler ile YSA analizleri sonucunda elde edilen tahmin değerleri hem istatistiksel hem de
grafiksel karşılaştırmalar kullanılarak, en iyi performansa ve kabul edilebilir sapmalara sahip tahmin
modeli belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra, bu tahmin modeli kullanılarak, ısıl iletkenlik katsayı değerleri
deneysel olarak testi yapılmayan ara çözelti konsantrasyon değerleri için tahmin edilmiştir. Analiz
bulgularına göre, sarıçam kontrplaklarda optimum çözelti konsantrasyon değerleri monoamonyum
fosfat, çinko borat ve amonyum sülfat için sırasıyla, %5, %8.6 ve %6.2 iken kızılağaç kontrplaklar için ise
bu değerler, %8.4, %6.2 ve %8.8 olarak hesaplanmıştır.Fire-retardant chemicals cause different effects on the physical, mechanical and some technological
properties of materials which they are applied to. These effects may vary depending on retention
amounts and concentration of solutions. Therefore, fire-retardant chemicals should be used at the most
suitable concentration to have a minimal negative effect on the materials which they are applied to
according to desired properties. In this study, it is aimed to determine the optimum solution
concentration values for the best insulation properties of plywood treated with different fire-retardant
chemicals through artificial neural network (ANN). Scots pine and alder were used as wood species
while zinc borate, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulphate were used as fire-retardant
chemicals. The veneer sheets were treated with immersion method and chosen three different
concentrations as 5%, 7% and 10% aqueous solutions. To determine the insulation properties of
plywood panels, the thermal conductivity coefficients were determined according to ASTM C 518
standard. The prediction model with the best performance and acceptable deviations was determined
by using statistical and graphical comparisons between the experimental data and the prediction values
obtained as a result of ANN analysis. Then, using this prediction model, the thermal conductivity
coefficient values were estimated for the intermediate solution concentration values that were not
experimentally tested. According to the analysis findings, the optimum solution concentration values
for monoammonium phosphate, zinc borate and ammonium sulphate in the scots pine plywood were
calculated 5%, 8.6% and 6.2% while these values in the alder plywood were calculated 8.4%, 6.2% and
8.8%, respectively
Determination of Burdur Lake`s area changes using remote sensing techniques
Get PDFSürdürülebilir su kaynakları yönetiminde kuraklığın izlenmesi, göller gibi su kütleleri için oldukça önemlidir. Su alanlarının
haritalanması ve izlenmesi için uzaktan algılama yöntemleri ve teknikleri, son yıllarda başarılı bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bu
çalışmada Göller Yöresi bölgesinde, Isparta ile Burdur illeri arasında bulunan Burdur Gölü'nün 2009 ile 2019 yılları arasındaki
alansal değişimi, uzaktan algılama teknikleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada Landsat-7, Landsat-8 ve Sentinel-2 uydu
görüntülerine obje bazlı sınıflandırma yapılmıştır. Sınıflandırmada, literatürde de sık kullanılan, normalleştirilmiş su fark indeksi
(NDWI) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan görüntüler Eylül ayını kapsamaktadır. Ek olarak mevsimsel değişim analizi için, 2017 ve
2019 yıllarının Nisan ve Mayıs aylarına ait Sentinel-2 uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre;
Burdur gölünün 2009-2019 yılları arasında 17 km2 alan kaybettiğini göstermektedir. Landsat görüntüleri ile 2009-2019 yıllarına ait
Eylül ayı verilerinin korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır ve analiz sonucu R2 = 0,94 olarak elde edilmiştir. 2017 ve 2019 yıllarında, bahar
ile sonbahar mevsimleri arasında, su alanında gözlenen azalma 2 km2 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sınıflandırma doğrulukları %90 - %96
arasında değişmektedir En yüksek sınıflama doğruluğu Sentinel-2 görüntüleri kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma,su alanlarındaki
alansal değişimlerin uzaktan algılama verileri ve teknikleriyle yüksek doğrulukta belirlenebileceğinin önemli bir örneğidir.Drought monitoring in water bodies such as lakes is essential for sustainable management of water resources. In recent years, remote
sensing methods and techniques have been successfully used for mapping and monitorıng water area changes. This study aimed to
investigate the ten-year change between 2009 and 2019 in the Burdur Lake, located between Isparta and Burdur provinces in the
Göller District, through remote sensing data and techniques. In the study, object-based classification was made using Landsat-7,
Landsat-8, and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. For the classification, the frequently used normalized water difference index (NDWI)
combined with threshold analysis was used for water classification. All images were acquired in September. In addition to the seasonal
variation analysis, Sentinel-2 images from April and May, 2017 and 2019 were used. As a result, in the last decade, Burdur lake has
lost approximately 17 km2 of its water surface. Correlation analysis of the Landsat images of September for the years 2009-2019
resulted in an R2 of 0,94. The change between spring and autumn in 2017 and 2019 was determined as 2 km2
. The classification
accuracies range from 90% to 96%, and the highest classification accuracy was obtained with Sentinel-2 images. The results of the
study show that the changes in water areas can be monitored with high accuracy through remote sensing data and techniques