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Effect of alkaline pre-treatment and chemical additives on the performance of wood cement panels manufactured from sunflower stems
No full textThis research was performed to investigate the NaOH pre-treatment, chemical additives, and their combined effects on the properties of wood cement panels produced with sunflower stems. The experimental panels were produced with a target density of 1200 kg/m3, a wood/cement ratio of 1:3 and a dimension of 500 mm × 500 mm x 10 mm using the treated/untreated sunflower stem particles as a partial replacement of poplar wood and various chemical additives (CaCl2, AlCl3, MgCl3). The physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of sunflower stem-based cement panels were evaluated and compared with traditional wood cement panels. In general, the highest mechanical properties were obtained from the panels produced by using the CaCl2 additive and a mixture of pre-treated sunflower stems (40%) and aspen poplar (60%). The panels containing 100% sunflower stem particles-treated with NaOH reached mechanical properties above the minimum standard requirements when CaCl2 was added. The panels’ water resistance, dimensional stability, and mechanical performance were remarkably enhanced by the NaOH pre-treatment of sunflower stems and the chemical additives. Moreover, the addition of sunflower stems led to a marked decrease in the thermal conductivity of the panels. TGA results demonstrated that the sunflower stem adversely affected the cement hydration reaction, whereas the chemical additives and the pre-treatment improved it. In addition, the combined effect of NaOH pre-treatment and chemical additives resulted in more portlandite content in the WCPs compared to their separate use. The SEM observations revealed that the NaOH pre-treatment of sunflower stems and the chemical additives contributed to promoting cement hydration products. It was also observed that the honeycomb structure of sunflower stem pith was crushed and deformed due to the high pressure applied in the manufacture of WCPs
Vaccination refusal debate on social media in Turkey: a content analysis of the comments on instagram blogs
Get PDFBackground: This study was conducted to identify the reasons for vaccine refusal of individuals/parents by analyzing the comments on the pages screened with the keyword vaccine refusal on social media. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the study. Within the scope of the study, 7 pages, 216 posts and 3446 comments found with the keyword #vaccine refusal were analyzed. The comments obtained within the scope of the study were evaluated using content analysis and theme analysis methods. The study data were collected between Sep 1st and 11th, 2020. Results: The comments on vaccine refusal were found to increase in 2018 and 2019, especially in September, October, November, and December. The reasons for vaccine refusal were grouped under 2 themes as individual reasons and vaccine-related reasons as a result of the analysis of the comments. The most commonly used word in the text analysis, consisting of 10,428 words mentioned in the posts, was found to be vaccine (3.2%). Conclusion: Individuals/parents refuse vaccination for reasons such as distrust of vaccine content, disbelief in the need for vaccines, distrust of pharmaceutical companies, previous experiences, like-minded peo-ple/platforms, religious reasons, and preference for alternative health care approaches
The mediating role of green product innovation (GPI) between green human resources management (GHRM) and green supply chain management (GSCM): evidence from automotive industry companies in Turkey
No full textToday, the establishment of strong supply chain structures should be supported by a strong human resources management approach, as well as encompassing environmentalist and innovative approaches. At this point, this study has two main aims that include these requirements. The first aim is to determine whether the green human resources management (GHRM) of companies operating in the automotive industry has a direct impact on green supply chain management (GSCM). The second aim is to determine whether green product innovation (GPI) has a mediating effect in the relation GHRM and GSCM. Structural equation modelling is used to test the developed hypotheses. GHRM of automotive companies operating in Turkey has a significant positive effect on GSCM. In addition, GPI has a full mediating role in the relationship between GHRM and GSCM. Green-oriented should be establishment in the supply chain structures. Green-oriented human resources management approach is necessary to develop a green-oriented SCM. GHRM approach should be strengthened with GPI activities for GSCM. © 2022 Kedge Business School
Developing Fırat Nomophobia Scale and investigating its psychometric properties
No full textObjective: We analyzed the nomophobia concept to develop the “Fırat Nomophobia Scale” to determine the level of nomophobia in individuals aged 15–65 years. Design and Measures: A linguistically and psychometrically validated trial form consisting of 13 statements was applied to a sample of 678 individuals (69% women). Results: The “Nomophobia Scale” that we developed consisted of a single dimension and eight items, explicating 55.9% of the variance concerning nomophobia. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the Fırat Nomophobia Scale is an economical scale with a low number of items and high variance. In addition, it provides valid and reliable measurements. Practice Implications: The present study signifies the importance of research on nomophobia and determining the risk groups and protection strategies
Kuzeydoğu Anadolu’da doğal olarak yayılış gösteren bazı taksonların Fibonacci ve Lucas sayıları
Get PDFIn this study, general information about obtaining Fibonacci and Lucas number sequences from the
rabbit problem is given. Obtaining the golden ratio and phyllotaxis ratio with Fibonacci numbers is
examined.The Fibonacci and Lucas number characteristics of plants belonging to the same species
are the same all over the world. The phyllotaxis ratio of 47 plant taxa and the number of cone spirals
of two pines belonging to Gymnospermae distributed in North East Anatolia were determined. 34 of
47 taxa which phyllotaxis ratio investigated are herbs and 13 ones are woody/scrubs. Three of the
herbaceous plants are endemic (Psephellus straminicephalus(Hub.-Mor.) Wagenitz,
Tripleurospermum fissurale(Sosn.) E.Hossainand Chesneya elegansFomin) and two are rare species
(Callicephalus nitens(M.Bieb. ex Willd.) C.A.Mey.and Cirsium rigidumDC.). With these studies, a
literature contribution was provided to the studies in the field.Bu çalışmada tavşan probleminden yola çıkarak Fibonacci ve Lucas sayı dizilerinin elde edilmesi
hakkında genel bilgiler verilmiştir. Fibonacci sayılarıyla altın oran ve yaprak diziliş oranının elde edilmesi
incelendi. Aynı türe ait bitkilerin Fibonacci ve Lucas sayı özellikleri dünyanın her yerinde aynıdır.
Kuzeydoğu Anadolu florasında yer alan 47 adet taksonununyaprak diziliş oranları ve iki açık tohumlu
çam türünün kozalak sarmalları belirlendi. Yaprak dizilişleri incelenen 47 taksonun 34’ü otsu ve 13’ü
odunsu/ çalı formundadır. Bu taksonlardan üçü endemik (Psephellus straminicephalus(Hub.-Mor.)
Wagenitz, Tripleurospermum fissurale(Sosn.) E.Hossainve Chesneya elegansFomin) ve iki tanesi nadir
takson (Callicephalus nitens(M.Bieb. ex Willd.) C.A.Mey. ve Cirsium rigidumDC.)’dur. Bu incelemelerle
alanda yapılan çalışmalara literatür katkısı sağlanmıştır
Determination of sediment respiration ratios of Çoruh River, Melet River and Harşit Stream
Get PDFBu çalışmada, Artvin ili Borçka ilçe merkezinden Gürcistan’a geçip Batum şehrinden Karadeniz’e dökülen
Çoruh Nehri, Ordu il merkezinden Karadeniz’e dökülen Melet Irmağı ve Giresun ili Tirebolu ilçe
merkezinden Karadeniz’e dökülen Harşit Çayı’nda sediment solunum oranlarının belirlenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Sediment solunumu su ortamındaki organik materyal ve kirletici unsurların taban
çamuruna çökelmesiyle oluşan sedimantasyona bağlı olarak artacağından iyi bir kirlilik göstergesidir.
Çalışmada örneklemeye Şubat 2015 tarihinde başlanmış ve saha çalışması aynı mevsim içerisinde
tamamlanmıştır. Bu çalışma anılan su kaynaklarının sediment solunumun kapasitelerini değerlendirmek
ve karşılaştırmak amacıyla planlanmış olup, sediment solunum çemberlerinin kullanıldığı laboratuvar
çalışmalarıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma için Çoruh Nehri, Melet Irmağı ve Harşit Çayı’ndan belirlenen
noktalardan üst 5 cm’lik sediment tabakası örneklenmiştir. Alınan her sediment segmentindeki
mikrobiyal ayrışma bir solunum çemberi içinde 25°C’de, karanlıkta kuluçka edilmiş ve 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16,
20, 24, 28, 36. günlerdeki sediment solunumu ölçülmüştür. Ortalama sediment solunum değerleri (mg
CO2/g) Çoruh Nehri’nde 2.54, Melet Irmağı’nda 2.48 ve Harşit Çayı’nda ise 1.97 şeklinde bulunmuştur.
Sediment solunum değerleri ile birlikte sediment örneklerinden pH ve organik madde miktarı tespit
edilerek istatistiki analizleri yapılmıştır. Ölçümler sonucu ortalama sediment pH değerleri Çoruh
Nehri’nde 8.59; Melet Irmağı’nda 8.39 ve Harşit Çayı’nda 8.00 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Nehir
sedimentlerinde ölçülen ortalama organik madde miktarları (%) sırasıyla Çoruh Nehri’nde 4.05, Melet
Irmağı’nda 6.67 ve Harşit Çayı’nda 4.51 olarak tespit edilmiştirIn this study, the sediment respiration ratios were aimed to determine in the Coruh River flowing from
the city of Artvin to Georgia and flowing into the Black Sea from Batumi, Melet River flowing into the
Black Sea from the city center of Ordu and the Harşit Stream flowing into the Black Sea from Giresun
province Tirebolu district center. "Sediment respiration" is a good indicator of pollution which was
increased due to sedimentation caused by organic substances in the water environment and
precipitation of contaminant elements in the mud floor. Sampling in the study started in February 2015
and the field study was completed in the same season. The study is planned to evaluate the respiration
capacities of sediment and compare the mentioned water resources, and it was evaluated by laboratory
studies using soil respiration circle. For the study, the samples from the top 5 cm of sediment layers
were collected from Coruh River; Melet River and Harsit Stream. The microbial decomposition was
monitored in each sediment segment by the respiratory circle incubated in the dark at 25 ° C and
sediment respiration was measured in 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 36. days. The mean sediment
respiration values (mg CO2/g) were found as; 2.54 in Coruh River, 2.48 in Melet River and 1.97 in Harşit
Stream. Together with sediment respiration values, the pH and amount of organic matter from
sediment samples were determined and their statistical analysis was performed. As an average result
of the measurements, the pH values of the sediment were 8.59 in the Coruh River, 8.39 in the Melet
River and 8.00 in the Harşit Stream. The amount of organic matter (%) measured in the river sediments
were found as 4.05, in Coruh River, 6.67 in Melet River; and 4.51 in Harşit Stream, respectively
Determination of carrying capacity and visitor satisfaction in protected areas: case of Karagol-Sahara National Park
No full textKendine özgü doğal, kültürel ve ekolojik değerleri sebebiyle koruma altına alınan yerlere
“Korunan Alanlar” denilmektedir. Ülkemizde korunan alan statüsü kazanan yerler; Milli
Parklar, Tabiat Parkları, Tabiatı Koruma Alanları, Tabiat Anıtı, Yaban Hayatı Geliştirme
Sahaları, Ramsar Alanlar, Ulusal/Mahalli Önemi Haiz Sulak Alanlar, Muhafaza Ormanları,
Kent Ormanları, Gen Koruma Ormanları, Tohum Meşçeresi, Tohum Bahçesi, Doğal Sit
alanlarıdır.
Korunan alanlardan olan Milli Parklar ise, ulusal ve uluslararası, tarihi ve estetik özellikleri
bir arada bulunan doğa parçalarıdır. Taşıma kapasitesi ise bir alanın yıllarca özünü
kaybetmeden doğal kalabilmesi için bu alanların kabul edilebilir kullanım yoğunluğu
derecesidir.
Bu araştırma, 2017-2021 yılları arasında Şavşat ilçesindeki Karagöl-Sahara Milli Parkı‟
nda yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışmada Milli Park‟ın taşıma kapasitesi hesabında Dünya Koruma
Birliği (IUCN) tarafından tavsiye edilen „Korunan Alan Taşıma Kapasitesi Tahmin
Yöntemi‟ ile rekreasyon alanlarının fiziksel, gerçek, etkin ve sosyal taşıma kapasiteleri
Karagöl ve Sahara bölümü için ayrı ayrı hesaplanmış ve bu veriler sonucunda KaragölSahara Milli Parkı toplam Fiziksel Taşıma Kapasitesi 4395 kişi/gün, Gerçek Taşıma
Kapasitesi 1310 kişi/gün, Etkin Taşıma Kapasitesi 537 kişi/gün ve Sosyal Taşıma
Kapasitesi 216 kişi/gün olarak bulunmuştur. Ziyaretçilerin memnuniyetlik profili ve taşıma
kapasitesi hakkındaki düşünceleri detaylıca incelenerek alan genelinde 400 adet ziyaretçi
ile anket değerlendirme çalışması yapılmıştır. Ziyaretçi memnuniyet durumunun Milli
Park‟ın geliştirilmesiyle doğrudan ilgili olduğu ve alanın kapasitesinin Karagöl ve Sahara
bölümünün yeterli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak hafta sonları ve bayram günleri gibi tatil
zamanlarında yoğun rekreasyonel kullanımların olduğu, dolayısıyla olumsuz etkenlere yol
açtığı gözlemlenmiştir.Places under protection due to their unique natural, cultural and ecological values are
called "Protected Areas". Places that have gained protected area status in our country;
National Parks, Nature Parks, Nature Conservation Areas, Natural Monuments, Wildlife
Development Areas, Ramsar Areas, Wetlands of National/Local Importance, Conservation
Forests, Urban Forests, Gene Conservation Forests, Seed Stand, Seed Garden, Natural
Protected Areas.
National Parks, which are among the protected areas, are pieces of nature with national and
international, historical and aesthetic features. Carrying capacity, on the other hand, is the
acceptable intensity of use of these areas so that an area can remain natural for years
without losing its essence.
This research was carried out in Karagöl-Sahara National Park in Şavşat district between
2017-2021. In this study, the physical, real, effective and social carrying capacities of the
recreation areas were calculated separately for Karagöl and Sahara sections with the
'Protected Area Carrying Capacity Estimation Method' recommended by the World
Conservation Union (IUCN) in the carrying capacity calculation of the National Park, and
as a result of these data. The total Physical Carrying Capacity of Karagöl-Sahara National
Park is 4395 person/day, Actual Carrying Capacity is 1310 person/day, Effective Carrying
Capacity is 537 person/day and Social Carrying Capacity is 216 person/day. A survey
evaluation study was conducted with 400 visitors throughout the area by examining the
opinions of the visitors about the satisfaction profile and carrying capacity in detail. It has
been determined that visitor satisfaction is directly related to the development of the
National Park and the capacity of the area is sufficient in Karagöl and Sahara sections.
However, it has been observed that there is intense recreational use during holidays such as
weekends and holidays, thus causing negative factors
Investigation of park and house gardens in Çünür Neighborhood, Isparta in terms of landscape design
Get PDFGünümüzde, insanların rekreasyonel ihtiyaçlarının artması farklı aktivite alanlarını da beraberinde
getirmiştir. Bu ihtiyaçların karşılanması anlamında kentsel açık-yeşil alanlar en önemli alanlar
arasındadır. Ancak birçok kentte nitelik ve nicelik bakımından yetersiz olan aktif yeşil alanlar
kullanıcıların beklentisini karşılayacak hizmet kalitesini sergileyememektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı,
Isparta’nın yeni ve önemli yerleşim merkezlerinden biri olan Çünür Mahallesi park ve konut bahçelerinin
mevcut durumunu incelemek, analiz etmek ve elde edilen bulgulara dayanarak yeterlilik ve işlevsel
niteliklerine yönelik çözüm önerileri geliştirmektir. Mekan analizleri sonucunda, mahalle içerisinde yer
alan açık ve yeşil alan miktarının 183.588 m² olduğu ve kişi başına düşen yeşil alan miktarının ise yaklaşık
10 m2 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, Çünür Mahallesi parklarının eşit ve dengeli dağılıma sahip olmadığı
ve bu alanlara erişilebilirlik açısından farklılıklar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Park alanlarında en çok kullanılan
bitki Platanus orientalis iken, konut bahçelerinde en çok kullanılan bitkiler Cupressus macrocarpa
“Goldcrest” ve xCupressocyparis leylandii. Sonuç olarak, mahalle içerisindeki açık ve yeşil alanların
planlama ve tasarım çalışmalarında koruma-kullanım dengesi dikkate alınması gerekmektedir.Today, the increase in people's recreational needs has resulted in different activity areas. Urban opengreen areas are among the most important areas in terms of meeting these needs. However, active
green areas, which are insufficient in terms of quality and quantity in many cities, cannot exhibit the
service quality to meet the expectations of the users. The aim of this study is to examine and analyze
the current situation of the parks and house gardens in Çünür neighborhood, one of the new and
important settlement centers in Isparta, and to put forward some solutions for their adequacy and
functional qualities based on the obtained data. As a result of the spatial analysis, it was determined
that the quantity of open-green areas in the neighborhood is 183588 m² and green area per capita
was approximately 10 m². It was found out that the active green areas in Çünür neighborhood did not
have an equal and proportional distribution and there were differences in terms of accessibility to
these areas. The most used species were Platanus orientalis in the parks and Cupressus macrocarpa
“Goldcrest” and xCupressocyparis leylandii in house gardens. As a result, protection-use balance
should be considered in planning and design studies of open-green areas in the neighborhood
Site selection for municipal solid waste landfill: case study of Artvin, Turkey
No full texthis study aimed to select a landfill site for the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) produced in the central district of Artvin Province in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Although Artvin has a smaller population compared to other provinces in the region, it has become increasingly important as it hosts sensitive ecological areas as well as dams used for energy production. Currently, the MSW collected in the provincial center is disposed through uncontrolled dumping. The topographic structure of the region is rather rough, which makes the selection and application of disposal methods difficult. However, increasing detrimental impact on the environment justifies the immediate necessity for a new landfill site. These considerations necessitate a study for landfill site selection in the region. Many different factors are considered when selecting the site for a landfill, and, thus, the process is not a simple one. In this study, various factors, including geology, slope, land use, distance from settlements, roads, surface waters, faults, and protected sites, as well as the landslide and flood susceptibility of the site, were taken into consideration. These factors were standardized using the fuzzy membership functions and weighted through the analytical hierarchy process. Spatial analysis in the GIS environment revealed that 99.91 percent of the study area was considered unsuitable, 0.08 percent moderately suitable, and only 0.01 percent suitable for landfilling. The study identified two sites that can be used as a landfill
Tuzcuoğlu Memiş Ağa's Eastern Black seastruggle for Ayanlık
No full textXVI. yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren Asya ve Avrupa'da başlayan zamanla Osmanlı Devleti'ni de etkisi altına alan büyük bir kriz olmuştur. Bu krizle beraber başta askerî alanda bunu takiben ekonomik, sosyal ve idari olarak karşılaşılan sorunlara çözüm amacıyla yeni prosedürler geliştirilmiştir. Atılan bu önemli adımlarla devlet yeni bir ekonomik politiği oluşturarak savaş masraflarını ve bütçe açıklarını timar alanlarının mukataalaştırılması, avarız vergisi ve parada tağşiş gibi farklı iktisadi araçlarla karşılamayı amaçlamıştır. Osmanlı merkez teşkilâtında yaşanılan bu değişimlerin taşra idaresine yansıması sonucu önceden de var olan ayanlar XVII. yüzyıldan itibaren daha da güçlenerek "Ayanlık Kurumu" olarak karşımıza çıkmıştır. Trabzon Eyaleti, Osmanlı Devleti için Doğu ve Batı ticaret yolunun üzerinde doğal limanlara sahip olması sebebiyle jeopolitik konumu noktasında dikkat çeken bir eyalet olma özelliği taşımaktadır. Bu bakımdan devletin taşra idaresinde öne çıkan yerel idarecilerin büyük bir boşluğu doldurmasına karşın zaman zaman devlet için tehdit unsuru olmuştur. Bu çalışmada yukarıda zikredilen değişimlerin XVII-XIX. yüzyılda Hopa, Rize ve Trabzon şehirlerine etkisi ele alınarak, bölgede idari ve ekonomik faaliyet yürüten ayanların durumu ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Özelde de anılan dönemin önemli figürlerinden Hopa/Rize Ayanı Tuzcuoğlu Memiş Ağa üzerinde durulmuştur. Zira onunla ilgili yeni ortaya çıkarılan belge ve bilgilerle daha önceden değinilmemiş ya da tam olarak aydınlatılamamış bazı konular aydınlatılmıştır. Bu çerçevede mevcut literatürde Memiş Ağa'nın eşkıya olduğu algısı ortadan kaldırılarak bölgedeki idari, mali, askeri sistem içerisinde yer alan önemli bir kişi olduğu tezi işlenmiştir. Memiş Ağa'nın nasıl ve neden öldürüldüğü konusuna açıklık getirilmiş önceden bilinmeyen muhallefatına dolaylı yollardan ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak konu Tuzcuoğlu Memiş Ağa üzerinden somutlaştırılarak hem merkezi yönetimin, mali, idari ve askeri anlamda, Trabzon üzerindeki denetimini yitirmediğini hem de Tuzcuoğlu Memiş Ağa'nın bölgedeki asıl rolü açıklanmıştır.XVI. There has been a great crisis that started in Asia and Europe since the end of the
19th century, which also affected the Ottoman Empire over time. Along with this crisis, new
procedures have been developed in order to solve the economic, social and administrative
problems, especially in the military field. With these important steps, the state created a new
economic policy and aimed to meet the war expenses and budget deficits with different
economic instruments such as mukataaization of timar areas, avarız tax and debasement in
money. It has emerged as the “Ayanlık Institution” by getting stronger since the 19th century.
Trabzon Province is a remarkable state for the Ottoman Empire in terms of its
geopolitical position, as it has natural harbors on the East and West trade routes. In this
respect, although the local administrators who came to the fore in the provincial
administration of the state filled a big gap, they were a threat to the state from time to time.
By examining the effect on Hopa, Rize and Trabzon cities in the 19th century, the situation of
the notables who carried out administrative and economic activities in the region was tried to
be revealed. In particular, one of the important figures of the period mentioned, Hopa/Rize
Ayani Tuzcuoğlu Memiş Ağa is emphasized. Because, with the newly uncovered documents
and information about him, some issues that have not been mentioned before or have not been
fully clarified have been clarified. In this context, the perception that Memiş Ağa is a bandit
in the existing literature has been removed and the thesis that he is an important person in the
administrative, financial and military system in the region has been processed. The issue of
how and why Memiş Ağa was killed has been clarified, and the previously unknown
opposition has been reached indirectly. As a result, the subject has been embodied through
Tuzcuoğlu Memiş Ağa, and both the central government has not lost its control over Trabzon
in financial, administrative and military terms and the main role of Tuzcuoğlu Memiş Ağa in
the region has been explained