Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences and Arts
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PGNAA Spectral Classification of Metal With Density Estimations
No full textFor environmental, sustainable economic and political reasons, recycling processes are becoming increasingly important, aiming at a much higher use of secondary raw materials. Currently, for the copper and aluminum industries, no method for the non-destructive online analysis of heterogeneous materials is available. The prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) has the potential to overcome this challenge. A difficulty when using PGNAA for online classification arises from the small amount of noisy data, due to short-term measurements. In this case, classical evaluation methods using detailed peak by peak analysis fail. Therefore, we propose to view spectral data as probability distributions. Then, we can classify material using maximum log-likelihood with respect to kernel density estimation and use discrete sampling to optimize hyperparameters. For measurements of pure aluminum alloys we achieve near-perfect classification of aluminum alloys under 0.25 s
A Novel Spectroscopic Approach for Vaseline Quality Discrimination
No full textVaseline, also referred to as petrolatum, is a colloidal dispersion of liquid-crystalline structures of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum. It has long been recognized for its versatile applications in the pharmaceutical industry, with its use in the formulation of various topical medications, wound care products, and drug delivery systems. For pharmaceutical use, petrolatum has to meet the quality standards described in its Pharmacopoeia monograph. The comprised test ranges allow for a broad range of Vaseline qualities on the market, while the tests themselves only poorly discriminate between grades. The only differentiating properties are related to the melting behavior, which is tested via drop point analysis, and the consistency, addressed in the functionality-related characteristics section. In this study, we propose the hypothesis that Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) could be a comparably simple method to evaluate the crystalline behavior of Vaseline qualities. We expect such information to provide additional details for Vaseline quality discrimination. This discrimination would allow the most suitable petroleum jelly to be selected for an existing formulation when the previous one needs to be replaced; for example, due to a manufacturer change. We demonstrate that NIRS in transmission and reflectance mode obtained by traditional continuous spectra acquisition and fragmented NIR spectra acquisition through multi-optical, multi-modal excitation, respectively, can both serve as a basis for detecting Vaseline quality differences, which we have further proven by thermal analysis and tests with semisolid formulations. Additionally, we demonstrate that a lower-cost multi-optical spectrometer in reflectance mode can detect Vaseline quality differences in rotated samples
Neuerungen zur baulichen Erhaltung von Flächenbefestigungen mit Pflaster, Platten oder Großformaten
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Konzeption, Gestaltung und Realisation eines Corporate Designs unter Einsatz von Creative Coding zum Thema "Wachstum"
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Aerial Camera Flying Cinematography Manual für Luftaufnahmen am Beispiel von Tandemsprüngen
No full textDie finalen Entwürfe der Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattungsstandards (E-ESRS) der EFRAG – Eine Analyse der Berücksichtigung der im Konsultationsverfahren geäußerten Kritikpunkte
No full textDie Project Task Force on European Sustainability Reporting Standards der European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) hat der interessierten Öffentlichkeit im April 2022 dreizehn Konsultationsentwürfe zur Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung zur Verfügung gestellt. Im vorangehenden Teil des Beitrags in IRZ 2/2023 wurden die von in Deutschland ansässigen Interessengruppen abgegebenen Stellungnahmen zu den Konsultationsentwürfen analysiert. Die dabei geäußerte Kritik machte einen erheblichen Änderungsbedarf deutlich. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird nun der Fragestellung nachgegangen, ob und inwiefern die im Rahmen der Konsultation geäußerten Kritikpunkte Eingang in das erste Set an ESRS-Entwürfen gefunden haben
