Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences and Arts
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Glued Laminated Timber from Oil Palm Timber – Beam Structure, Production and Elastomechanical Properties
No full textGeneralisation Approach for Banknote Authentication by Mobile Devices Trained on Incomplete Samples
No full textReliable Banknote Authentication is critical for economic stability. Regarding everyday use, recent studies implemented successful techniques using banknote images taken by mobile phone cameras. One challenge in mobile banknote authentication is that it is impossible to collect images by all series/brands of mobile phones. In this study, classification models are implemented that are able to generalize to the samples from a wide number of mobile phone series even though they are trained with samples from a small group of series. Existing state-of-the-art banknote authentication approaches train a separate model per sub-image of a banknote, using the extracted features of that sub-image. A new approach that trains a single global model on the concatenated features of all the sub-images is presented. Furthermore, ensemble models that combine Linear Discriminant Analysis and Deep Neural Networks are employed in order to maximize the accuracy. Implemented techniques were able to reach up to F1-score of 0.99914 on a Euro banknote data set which contain images from 16 different mobile-phone series. The results also indicate that new global model approach can improve the accuracy of the existing banknote authentication techniques in case of model training with images from restricted/incomplete phone series and brands
Process analysis and information model proposal
No full textManufacturing systems based on Industry 4.0 concepts provide a greater availability of data and have modular characteristics enabling frequent changes. This raises the need for new security engineering concepts that cover the increasing complexity and frequency of mandatory security risk assessments. In contrast, the current standardization landscape used for the assessment of these systems only offers abstract, static, manual, and resource-intensive procedures. Therefore, this work proposes a method that further specifies the IEC 62443 aiming to automate the security risk assessments in such a way that manual efforts can be reduced and a consistent quality can be achieved. The methodology is presented using network segmentation as a guiding example and consists of four main steps: Information collection based on a process analysis, information formalisation with a semi-formal model, information usage applying first order logic to extract expert knowledge, and information access using the concept of the digital twin. In addition, the applicability of the IEC 62443 standard to the risk assessment of modular manufacturing systems is evaluated
Applying skin protective cream and the wearing of gloves?—A randomized controlled experimental study
No full textGlove occlusion might enhance skin sensitivity to a subsequent detergent challenge (occlusion effect). Thus, some skin protection creams (PC) claim to protect against this effect of occlusion, and are recommended to be used before wearing liquid‐proof gloves.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of PC applied prior to glove occlusion on the ‘occlusion effect’—refers to increased susceptibility of the skin to a model detergent.MethodsOne hundred and eleven volunteers were enrolled in a single‐blind, randomized study. Seven PCs were applied before glove occlusion over 7 days (D1–D7). After sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) challenge, we compared the irritation between the areas treated with PC and occlusion alone. Clinical scoring and bioengineering methods (capacitance, transepidermal water loss [TEWL], and colourimetry [erythema]) were used to quantify the irritant reactions.ResultsAfter 1 week of occlusion and PC application, we did not observe significant changes in TEWL, nor in erythema, whereas skin hydration raised in three cream‐treated areas. On day 10, after a challenge with SLS, some products significantly aggravated the skin irritation as compared to occlusion alone.ConclusionsThe ‘occlusion effect’—shown as higher skin susceptibility to a model detergent—was not mitigated by PCs when applied prior to glove occlusion. On the contrary, some PCs might have negative effects on skin barrier function and augment such sensitivity
Green walls and health: An umbrella review
No full textCurrent societal challenges like climate change led to a general agreement that our cities need to become greener and our lifestyles more sustainable. This transformation of our daily living environments can also impact the prevalence of non-communicable diseases as a global disease burden of our time. These positive impacts of horizontal green spaces on human health are widely recognized. However, it is still unclear whether the same is true for green walls, as a promising nature-based solution for dense urban spaces which is increasingly applied. To date, the available research on green walls has not been systematically synthesized along the potential impact pathways of reducing environmental stressors (Mitigation), restoring capacities (Restoration), and promoting healthier behavior (Instoration). We conducted a systematic review of 30 reviews to synthesize available evidence on all three pathways and direct health outcomes, following the established strategies of PICOS and PRISMA. We assessed the review quality through AMSTAR. We found strong consistent evidence that green walls can mitigate urban heat island effects (daylight surface temperature: -0.3 °C to -31.9°, daylight air temperature: -0 °C to -8.7 °C), air pollution (PM2.5: -25% to -99%, PM10: -23% to -60%), and noise pollution (sound pressure level: -1dBA to -5dBA). We found some evidence for disaster risk reduction and restoration effects. There were no reviews on the instoration pathway or direct health outcomes. The underlying reviews rated low according to the AMSTAR checklist, which might limit our findings. We recognize a generally young research field and conclude that more in-field studies are needed in all pathways to better understand the relationship between green walls and health
Artificial light at night decreases plant diversity and performance in experimental grassland communities
No full textArtificial light at night (ALAN) affects many areas of the world and is increasing globally. To date, there has been limited and inconsistent evidence regarding the consequences of ALAN for plant communities, as well as for the fitness of their constituent species. ALAN could be beneficial for plants as they need light as energy source, but they also need darkness for regeneration and growth. We created model communities composed of 16 plant species sown, exposed to a gradient of ALAN ranging from ‘moonlight only’ to conditions like situations typically found directly underneath a streetlamp. We measured plant community composition and its production (biomass), as well as functional traits of three plant species from different functional groups (grasses, herbs, legumes) in two separate harvests. We found that biomass was reduced by 33% in the highest ALAN treatment compared to the control, Shannon diversity decreased by 43% and evenness by 34% in the first harvest. Some species failed to establish in the second harvest. Specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content and leaf hairiness responded to ALAN. These responses suggest that plant communities will be sensitive to increasing ALAN, and they flag a need for plant conservation activities that consider impending ALAN scenarios
The cinematic make-up image in the 21st century - possibilites of the interaction of special make-up effects (STX) and visual effects (VFX)
Get PDFDie vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Entstehung und Entwicklung der Masken-Spezialeffekte (SFX) im 21. Jahrhundert. Auch werden diese Entwicklungen im Zusammenhang mit visuellen Effekten (VFX) und deren Bedeutung näher erläutert. Es wird dabei auf häufig verwendete Techniken und Methoden beider Verfahren eingegangen. Weiterhin wird dies anhand des Beispiels des Studentenfilms “Kamera Head“ (2023) von Maximilian Laux verdeutlicht. Damit soll zum Schluss die Frage geklärt werden, welchen Einfluss die zunehmende Nutzung von visuellen Maskeneffekten auf die Masken- Spezialeffekte hat und ob daraus ein Zusammenwirken resultieren kann