Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences and Arts
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Entwicklung strategischer Handlungsempfehlungen für die Förderung der Kreislaufwirtschaft beim Rückbau öffentlicher Gebäude
Get PDFRessourcenverbrauch, CO2-Fußabdruck und Abfallaufkommen sind zentrale Themen bei der nachhaltigen Entwicklung der Bauwirtschaft. Besonders mit einem Gebäudeabbruch geht ein enormer Ressourcen- und Energieverlust einher. Diese Arbeit fokussiert den Abbruchprozess am Beispiel einer öffentlichen Verwaltung und analysiert die Möglichkeiten dieser, Kreisläufe von Bauteilen und -materialien in der lokalen Bauwirtschaft zu fördern.
Zunächst wurde der IST-Prozess für einen Abbruch von Gebäuden am Beispiel des Kreis Lippe aufgenommen und Schwachstellen für die Wiedereinbringung von Bauteilen und -materialien identifiziert. Danach wurden Best Practice Ansätze von öffentlichen Verwaltungen in Deutschland recherchiert und anschließend dies um den europäischen Raum erweitert. Der letzte Teil der Analyse bezieht sich auf das RE-BUILD-OWL Projekt, mit welchem der Kreis Lippe plante eine Vorreiterrolle in zirkulärem Bauen einzunehmen, und wie die Projektergebnisse die Wiedereinbringung von Bauteilen und -materialien im Rückbauprozess positiv beeinflussen können.
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass sich die Best Practice und die Projektergebnisse positiv auf die Schwachstellen des Abbruchprozesses auswirken können. Konkret wurden für den Kreis Lippe vier Handlungsempfehlungen formuliert. 1. Wissensaufbau: Zwar wurde deutlich, dass bei Einzelpersonen großes Fachwissen beseht, ein Austausch zwischen den Mitarbeitenden bestand jedoch nicht ausreichend. Außerdem besteht auch Bedarf an externen Schulungen geschult/ Sensibilisierung. 2. Digitalisierungsstrategie: Langfristig deutet sich im Bausektor ein Wandel zur Nutzung von Building Information Modeling ab. Es wird empfohlen, diesen Wandel im Kreis Lippe vorzubereiten, um die Mitarbeitenden in dem Wandel mitzunehmen und diese Veränderung proaktiv anzugehen. 3. Aktive lokale Marktgestaltung: Der lokale Markt lässt sich durch die Erhöhung der Nachfrage von verfügbaren Sekundärmaterialien und der Erhöhung des Angebotes von verfügbaren Sekundärmaterialien beeinflussen. Wenn zusätzlich innovative Technologien in der Region gefördert werden, lassen sich langfristig Materialkreisläufe entwickeln. 4. Baustoff- und Materialdistribution: Diese Handlungsempfehlung gilt als Teil der Erhöhung des Sekundärmaterialangebots. Um die Angebotserhöhung der Sekundärbauteile und -materialien zu bewerkstelligen, wurden zwei Optionen vorgeschlagen. Zum einen kann die Fremdleistung der Identifizierung und Distribution eingekauft werden, zum anderen ist eine interne Umsetzung mit Aufbau einer Bauteil- und Materialbörse möglich. Wichtig ist in beiden Schritten, dass vor einem Abbruch ein Audit des Gebäudes und eine Klassifizierung der Bauteile und -materialien auf Wiederverwendbarkeit durchgeführt wird. Eine mögliche Umsetzung der Veränderungen wurden in einer beispielhaften SOLL-Prozess-Darstellung skizziert.
Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen das Potenzial sowie konkrete Schritte auf, die der Kreis Lippe hat, um Bauteile und -materialien in einem Kreislauf zu behalten. Die Best Practice Analyse ist nicht spezifisch für den Kreis Lippe durchgeführt worden, weshalb die Ergebnisse zusätzlich für einen allgemein übertragbaren Erkenntnisgewinn zur Verfügung stehen. Auch andere öffentliche Verwaltungen können anhand der Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit Handlungsschritte ableiten.Resource consumption, carbon footprint and waste generation are key issues in the sustainable development of the construction industry. Demolition of buildings in particular is associated with an enormous loss of resources and energy. This thesis deals with the role of public administrations, in particular with their demolition process, and analyzes the possibilities of these to promote circular economy of building components and materials in the local construction industry.
First, the actual process for demolishing buildings was recorded using the example of the Kreis Lippe and weak points for the reuse of components and materials were identified. This was followed by research into best practice in public administration in Germany and then in Europe. Finally, the last part of the analysis refers to RE-BUILD-OWL, a project with which the Kreis Lippe planned to take a pioneering role in circular construction, and how the project results can positively influence the reuse of components and materials in the deconstruction process.
It was determined that best practice and the project results can have a positive impact on the weak points. Specifically, four recommendations for action were formulated for the Kreis Lippe. 1. building knowledge: Although it became clear that individuals have a great deal of specialist knowledge, there was not enough exchange between the employees. In addition, external training should be provided as well. 2. digitalization strategy: In the long term, there are signs of a shift towards the use of Building Information Modeling in the construction sector. This change should be prepared in the Kreis Lippe in order to take employees along with the change and proactively tackle this change. 3. active local market design: The local market can be influenced by increasing the demand for available secondary materials and by increasing the supply of available secondary materials. If innovative technologies are also promoted in the region, material cycles can be developed in the long term. 4. construction components and material distribution: This recommendation for action is part of increasing the supply of secondary materials. There are two options for increasing the supply of secondary components and materials. On the one hand, the external service of identification and distribution can be purchased; on the other hand, internal implementation with the establishment of a component and material exchange is possible. In both cases, it is important that an audit of the building and a classification of the components and materials for reusability is carried out before demolition. A possible implementation of the changes was outlined in an exemplary target process diagram.
The results of this work show the potential and concrete steps that the Kreis Lippe has, to keep components and materials in a cycle. The best practice analysis was not carried out specifically for the Kreis Lippe, which is why the results are also available for a generally transferable gain in knowledge. Other public administrations can also derive action steps from the results of this work
Increasing warm-season evaporation rates across European lakes under climate change
No full textLakes represent a vital source of freshwater, accounting for 87% of the Earth’s accessible surface freshwater resources and providing a range of ecosystem services, including water for human consumption. As climate change continues to unfold, understanding the potential evaporative water losses from lakes becomes crucial for effective water management strategies. Here we investigate the impacts of climate change on the evaporation rates of 23 European lakes and reservoirs of varying size during the warm season (July–September). To assess the evaporation trends, we employ a 12-member ensemble of model projections, utilizing three one-dimensional process-based lake models. These lake models were driven by bias-corrected climate simulations from four General Circulation Models (GCMs), considering both a historical (1970–2005) and future (2006–2099) period. Our findings reveal a consistent projection of increased warm-season evaporation across all lakes this century, though the magnitude varies depending on specific factors. By the end of this century (2070–2099), we estimate a 21%, 30% and 42% average increase in evaporation rates in the studied European lakes under RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 2.6, 6.0 and 8.5, respectively. Moreover, future projections of the relationship between precipitation (P) and evaporation (E) in the studied lakes, suggest that P-E will decrease this century, likely leading to a deficit in the availability of surface water. The projected increases in evaporation rates underscore the significance of adapting strategic management approaches for European lakes to cope with the far-reaching consequences of climate change
Predicting daily net ecosystem production in shallow lakes from dissolved oxygen saturation levels: a pan-European mesocosm experiment and modelling approach
No full textNet ecosystem production (NEP) is an important indicator of lake ecosystem function and integrity. An earlier study, restricted to one geographical region, indicated that oxygen saturation levels (DO%) might be used to predict daily NEP in shallow lakes. To test the generality of the method, we used DO% data collected in a standardised pan-European mesocosm experiment with contrasting trophic states and water levels covering a large climate gradient (from Sweden to Turkey). We corroborated these data with process-based DO simulations. The NEP ~ DO% relation depended on factors influencing gas transfer: water depth and wind. The NEP ~ DO% relation per volume became weaker with increasing depth (1–2 m) but was independent of depth when area based. Simulations indicated that the marginalisation of the depth was sensitive to wind conditions. Trophic status, temperature and light showed no or only marginal (climate zone) effects (experimental data), while the simulations indicated influence of those factors under particular wind–depth conditions. We confirmed that when considering also wind and depth effects, midday DO% potentially provides reliable estimates of daily NEP. Therefore, historical monitoring data of DO% might be used to estimate NEP, and process-based oxygen models may be valuable tool therein. We encourage further tests
Nutrient retention in a small reservoir under changed variability of inflow nutrient concentration
No full textWithin freshwater networks, lakes and reservoirs are reactors that modify nutrient dynamics. Their functioning is based on an interplay of hydrological and biogeochemical processes, rendering them vulnerable to climate change. Future changes in catchment characteristics are likely to alter the timing and magnitude of nutrient concentrations in discharge. This study investigated the impact of changing variability of nutrient concentrations on lake and reservoir dynamics. We examined intraannual nutrient retention and analyzed the role of reservoirs in reconfiguring the variability of nutrients. Utilizing the 1D lake model GOTM-WET, we simulated nutrient processing in a mesotrophic reservoir. Further, we performed scenario simulations by modifying the variability of inflow nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Our findings indicate that the reservoir removed ∼4% and ∼12% of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), respectively. Particulate fractions were retained efficiently, but there was a net export of dissolved organic fractions. Regarding mixing and stratification periods, however, we observed net nitrogen export during stratification in certain years. During stratification, outflow concentration variability remained relatively unchanged for TN and TP compared to inflow concentrations. Conversely, phosphate and nitrate concentration variability increased in the outflow because of in-lake assimilation and the influence of hydrological events. With increasing inflow concentration variability during stratification, there was decreased removal of TN and TP by the reservoir, but increased variability of concentration. By evaluating the lake's capacity to attenuate variability of nutrient inflows under altered conditions, there are opportunities to improve monitoring of nutrient export and evaluate the potential impact of nutrient peaks on downstream drinking water resources and ecosystems
