Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences and Arts
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Tenderness prediction for beef using novel data analysis methods based on system dynamic and acoustic signals
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate if vibroacoustic methods may be used for the non-destructive determination of beef during its aging process. The vibroacoustic method was based on the observation of mechanical changes in the meat during the aging process and was compared with reference data obtained by Warner-Bratzler shear force measurement as well as sensory testing of the tenderness using a ten-part scale. To evaluate the mechanical properties, transfer functions were used representing the time dependency of the signal and thus the viscoelastic behaviour. In this study, a total of 31 roastbeef samples from 16 different young bulls and two older cows were examined from day of slaughter to day 21 of cold storage with regard to their tenderness. For this purpose, vibroacoustic measurements were carried out on the unprocessed/raw meat at intervals of 1–3 days. The reference measurements using sensor technology and Warner-Bratzler shear force measurement were carried out on the first (day of slaughter) and last (21st day) day on slices of roast beef cooked with saturated steam. In the results of all three methods, the shear force measurement, the sensory test and the vibroacoustic method, showed that roastbeef from the same animal but different halves produced different results. Basically, it is possible to predict the tenderness of roastbeef by taking measurements at the beginning of the maturing process for the end of the maturing period using vibroacoustic methods: Data analysis led to a trend function that roughly reflects the actual tenderness, which is generally higher than the real tenderness represented by the shear-force measurement. In order to obtain a better resolution for recording the mechanical changes during the aging process, the measurements should be carried out at shorter intervals
Conversational Data Stories
No full textData stories are about revealing and communicating insights from complex data. In this paper, we propose conversational data stories, which support end users in understanding the key findings of the data analysis at hand by natural language conversation. Creating these stories manually means to put a lot of effort into understanding the data and crafting visuals. With increasingly powerful generative large language models (LLMs), natural language processing as well as automating the creation of data stories is a promising field. We present a concept for a conversational data storytelling system that integrates LLMs as well as explainable AI. We present the collected requirements for our system concept and how the requirements are addressed. To show the potential of our approach, we provide a use case scenario and a discussion in this paper. This is supposed to serve as a basis for future research that will aim at investigating the technical reliability and the user experience of such a system
Optimizing selective withdrawal strategies to mitigate hypoxia under water-level reduction in Germany's largest drinking water reservoir
No full textWater-level reduction frequently occurs in deep reservoirs, but its effect on dissolved oxygen concentration is not well understood. In this study we used a well-established water quality model to illustrate effects of water level dynamics on oxygen concentration in Rappbode Reservoir, Germany. We then systematically elucidated the potential of selective withdrawal to control hypoxia under changing water levels. Our results documented a gradual decrease of hypolimnetic oxygen concentration under decreasing water level, and hypoxia occurred when the initial level was lower than 410 m a.s.l (71 m relative to the reservoir bottom). We also suggested that changes of hypoxic region, under increasing hypolimnetic withdrawal discharge, followed a unimodal trajectory with the maximum hypoxic area projected under the discharge between 3 m3/sec and 4 m3/sec. Besides, our results illustrated the extent of hypoxia was most effectively inhibited if the withdrawal strategy was applied at the end of stratification with the outlet elevation at the deepest part of the reservoir. Moreover, hypoxia can be totally avoided under a hybrid elevation withdrawal strategy using surface withdrawal during early and mid stratification, and deep withdrawal at the end of stratification. We further confirmed the decisive role of thermal structure in the formation of hypoxia under water-level reduction and withdrawal strategies. We believe the conclusions from this study can be applied to many deep waters in the temperate zone, and the results should guide stakeholders to mitigate negative impacts of hypoxia on aquatic ecosystems
Untersuchung der SOLID-Prinzipien: Nutzen und Grenzen in der Spieleentwicklung
Get PDFDas Thema der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit ist dem Themenkomplex Softwarearchitektur zuzuordnen. Der Fokus liegt dabei explizit auf der Untersuchung der SOLID-Prinzipien hinsichtlich ihres Nutzens und ihrer Grenzen in der Spieleentwicklung. Um diese Untersuchung vorzunehmen, wurde die Spieleentwicklung als eine komplexe Form der Softwareentwicklung eingeordnet, in der sich Vorgehensmodelle wie Scrum und Anforderungsanalysen bewährt haben. Darüber hinaus wurden für die Untersuchung Anwendungsbeispiele der einzelnen SOLID-Prinzipien herangezogen, die dem eigens entwickelten Spiel entspringen. Die Entwicklung des selbst entwickelten Spiels wurde in der Unity Engine und der objektorientierten Programmiersprache C# durchgeführt. Um die fachliche Grundlage für die Anwendungsbeispiele zu liefern, wurden sowohl Grundprinzipien der objektorientierten Programmierung als auch elementare Funktionsweisen der Spiele-Engine Unity erläutert. Zusätzlich wurden Ziele der Softwarearchitektur dargelegt, um den Nutzen und die Grenzen der SOLID-Prinzipien entsprechend zu analysieren. Da die Entwicklung von digitalen Spielen eine komplexe Form der Softwareentwicklung ist, braucht es ein geplantes Vorgehen in der Entwicklung und eine angestrebte Softwarearchitektur. Diese Architektur kann durch die Entwurfsmuster der SOLID-Prinzipien erreicht werden. So ergibt sich bei Anwendung des Open-Closed-Prinzips ein Softwaresystem, das für den Fall, dass neue Funktionen oder Inhalte ergänzt werden sollen, erweiterbar bleibt. Dabei bleibt das System durch die Prinzipien Interface-Segregation, Dependency-Inversion und das Liskov’sche-Substitutions-Prinzip ein stabiles Konstrukt, bei dem keine problematischen Abhängigkeiten bestehen. Dadurch ist ein solches System einfach veränderbar, wenn nachträglich Anpassungen vorgenommen werden müssen, und besitzt
daher einen geringen Wartungsaufwand. Die Anwendung der SOLID-Prinzipien ist jedoch nicht immer sinnvoll. Bei der Anwendung des Interface-Segragation-Prinzip kann es zu einer hohen Anzahl von Schnittstellen kommen, die zu Unübersichtlichkeit führen kann. Dadurch werden Wartungsaufgaben intensiver, da sich zunächst ein Überblick über das kompliziert gestaltete System gemacht werden muss. Neben den SOLID-Prinzipien gibt es Entwurfsmuster, wie das Factory-Pattern und das Observer-Pattern, welche in dieser Arbeit nicht behandelt werden. Diese liefern, wie die SOLID-Prinzipien auch, Lösungen für wiederholt auftretende Problemstellungen in der Spieleentwicklung
PLM in Engineering Education: Purpose and Challenges
No full textThe topic of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) should be nowadays part of any engineering degree course in every university worldwide. In an increasingly digital and connected world, students and prospective engineers need to know the interrelationships of holistic product development. Excellent expertise in a discipline such as mechanical engineering is still necessary, but no longer sufficient. This article explains why this is the case and what universities can do to address this issue. It describes in detail the PLM course of the OWL University of Applied Sciences and Arts located in Lemgo, Germany. In addition, suggestions are made on how to improve the course content, based on many years of experience. As such, this article is a valuable source of information for anyone teaching PLM today or intending to do so in the future
Development and integration of a digital reflection assistant as a complement to building physics education
No full textTailored to the students of architecture and interior architecture at the OWL University of Applied Sciences and Arts in Detmold, the project focuses on developing and integrating a digital reflection assistant called “As U know” to complement building physics education.
The reflection assistant is introduced in an application-oriented module and brings together a diverse range of learning resources including sample exercises, glossaries, videos, tests, quizzes and more. Special focus is placed on interactive videos that are intended to support the development of problem-specific solutions for the complex requirements arising from the students' own designs.
Many architecture and interior architecture students struggle with the challenge of harmonizing the learned principles of building physics with their individual creative design processes. As a result, face-to-face correction discussions offered are often used ineffectively or even avoided by students due to insecurity. To counteract this, "As U know" provides students individual support independent of time and location, helping them prepare effectively for correction discussions.
In a survey conducted as part of the project, all users stated that the test version had supported or had rather supported them in applying the required building physics content. Forty six percent reported feeling less or tendentially less inhibited in taking advantage of the face-to-face corrections