Sumathi Publications (E-Journals)
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SEROPREVALENCE OF HIV, HEPATITIS B AND C AND SYPHILIS AMONG MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN IN MAHAJANGA (MAGADASCAR)
No full textSexually transmitted diseases (STD) are public health concerns worldwide. The aim of our study is to assess infection and coinfection with HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis among men having sex with men in Mahajanga which is a western coastal town of Madagascar. We conducted a prospective and descriptive preliminary study in the laboratory of the University Hospital Center PZAGA in Mahajanga during a period of three months, from December 2014 to February 2015. We included 100 MSM in our study. Their mean age was 36 yrs (16 to 55 yrs). We found 30% of seropositive men among our sample. HIV positive men are mainly part of the age group [20–29 yrs]. The mean age of positive men was respectively 38 yrs., 36 yrs., 48 yrs. and 39 yrs. for HIV, for HBV, HCV, and syphilis. We found respectively for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis 7%, 1% and 11% positive samples. We found no co-infection HIV and HCV for them. But we found 5% of coinfection HIV-HBV, 4% of coinfection HIV-syphilis and 1% of coinfection of HIV, HBV and syphilis. We highlighted a very high rate of HIV positivity among MSM living in Mahajanga. Efforts have to be made in order to sensitize them about risky behaviors
ASSESSMENT OF SERUM LIPID PROFILE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Get PDFBackground: Hypertension and dyslipidemia are strongly associated with each other, and they are the most common risk factors for the development of the cardiovascular disease.
Aim: Compare the serum lipid profile values among hypertensive patients and non-hypertensive individuals.
Method: 30 patients with Hypertension and 30 age-matched non-hypertensive controls were included in the study. From the serum, total cholesterol levels were estimated by enzymatic (CHOD-PAP) colorimetric method, triglyceride by enzymatic (GPO-PAP) method, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were estimated using precipitant and Friedewald formula, by using commercially available reagent kits. Lipid profiles were compared with controls.
Results: The mean values of total cholesterol were significantly more in Hypertensives-202.93 ± 28.44 and normotensives-178.76 ± 37.21, P<0.006. The mean values of triglycerides were significantly more in Hypertensives-139.8 ± 18.72 and normotensives-125.8± 12.34, P<0.001. The mean values of LDL-Cholesterol were significantly more in Hypertensives-141.63 ± 11.59 and normotensives-127.83 ± 14.65, P<0.0001.
Conclusions: As Dyslipidemia is associated with Hypertension, serum lipid profile may be useful in the identification of patients at risk of Hypertension. Hypertensive patients need the measurement of blood pressure and lipid profile at regular intervals to prevent Cardiovascular diseases.
Keywords: Cholesterol; Cardiovascular Diseases; Hypertension; Triglycerides; Dyslipidemia
MICROBIOLOGICAL SCREENING OF OTORRHOEA FROM PEOPLE COMING TO HOSPITAL IN MAHAJANGA
Get PDFIn whole, 56 patients were included. Amidst identified microorganisms were fungus (4,7%) and bacteria (95,3%) to which Gram negative bacilli represented 72,1% (n=44), Gram positive cocci 6,4% (n=10), Gram positive bacilli 8,2% (n=5) and Gram negative cocci 3,3% (n=2). Among these bacterias, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus sp were predominant, with respectively 41% (n=25), 23% (n=14). However, three cases of S. aureus reported, six with negative coagulase Staphylococcus, one with Escherichia coli, one with Klebsiella sp, one with Haemophilus sp, two cases with Neisseria sp and four cases with Corynebacterium sp. Two types of cultures were noticed, one of them monomorphic (91,1%, n=51) and the other polymorphic (8,9%, n=5) to which 3 associations of P. aeruginosa-Proteus sp, 1 association of P. aeruginosa- coagulase negative Staphylococcus and 1 association of P. aeruginosa- E. coli. No resistance to ciprofloxacin was observed with Pseudomonas, Neisseria sp, Haemophilus, and enterobacteria except for E. coli. No resistance to rifampicin was observed with S. aureus. However, the sensitivity of S. aureus to ciprofloxacin decreased (one bacterium out of three).
The use of rifampicin or fluoroquinolones should be based on the type of ear infections
Prevalence of trismus in HNF Cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy: A cross-sectional study
No full textBackground: Trismus is a restricted mouth opening due to the tonic contraction of muscles of mastication. It may occur mostly in HNF cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy treatment. This study was undertaken with the purpose of finding out the prevalence of trismus in patients undergoing radiation therapy. Method: 89 patients with HNF cancer patients receiving radiation therapy were included in the study. Inter incisal distance was measured using sliding digital vernier calliper. Patients with ≥ 35mm mouth opening were considered as trismus cases. Result: Out of 89 patients included 72 were diagnosed as trismus; hence the prevalence was 81%. Conclusion: Prevalence of Trismus is very high ( 81 %) in patients undergoing radiotherapy secondary to HNF cancer. Early diagnosis of trismus in these patients can help in time management and also planning of preventive strategies
CORRELATION OF LOWER LIMB STRENGTH, POWER, WAIST-HIP RATIO AND BMI WITH A SITTING-RISING TEST IN 18-35 YEARS AGE GROUP
Get PDFPurpose: To investigate the co-relation of sitting-rising test scores with measures of lower extremity strength, power, and body compositions (body mass index and waist-hip ratio). Furthermore, to find out the level of physical activity in the targeted population.
Methods: Participants aged between 18-35 years (n=131) of both genders were recruited in this study. Along with performing sitting-rising test, anthropometric and demographic data were collected to calculate body mass index and waist-hip ratio. Lower extremity strength was assessed using a 30-second chair stand test, and power was assessed using a triple hop test for distance. Also, the Rapid Assessment Disuse Index questionnaire was given to dividing the population into two groups depending on whether they are involved more in physical activity or not.
Results: Sitting-rising test scores showed a positive correlation with lower extremity strength and power, negative correlation with body mass index, and no co-relation with waist-hip ratio. Further, 76 participants out of 131 were less physical activity and had more sedentary behavior.
Conclusion: Sitting-rising from the floor in young adults is influenced by the strength and power of lower extremities and body mass index except for the waist-hip ratio.
Keywords: Sitting-rising test; Lower extremity strength and power; RADI score
“SUPPLEMENTATION OF ZINC IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC HEAT STRESS ON ANTIOXIDANT CHANGES IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS”
Get PDFABSTRACT:
Introduction: Heat stress is a major health burden with potential health out-comes. Oxidative stress is a metabolic dysfunction that carries oxidative damage of cells and tissues. Zinc is a co-factor against oxidative stress. Aim: The present study was done to evaluate the Supplementation of zinc in acute and chronic heat stress on antioxidant changes in wistar albino rats. Methodology: 36 Wistar albino rats were selected for the study. They were divided into 2 Groups. Group A was acutely and Group B was chronically heat stressed rats and both were zinc pretreated. The Enzymatic and Non enzyme activity in them were estimated.
Results: After acute and chronic heat stress, i) there was a significant increase (P <0.001) in lipid peroxidation activity. ii) Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic antioxidants were reduced (P < 0.001) iii) Rats pretreated with zinc showed a decrease (P< 0.001) in lipid peroxidation and increase (P < 0.001) in enzymatic antioxidants (P < 0.001) and Non enzymatic antioxidants.
Key Words: antioxidants, heat stress, wistar albino rat
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF LOVE- THIS IS OUR BRAIN ON LOVE: Physiology of Love and its basis
No full textFalling in love is one of all the great feelings in the world. Humans are not the only one among the huge diversity of species to fall for it. Combine bonding, the two-by-two partnering of creatures have been seen across the fauna. To fall in love and be enamored allows an individual to depict himself charmingly alive. Most folks will reminisce at least one time in their lives of experiencing “butterflies in their stomach”, or a sense of ‘losing oneself’ into a deep ocean of affectionate feelings for someone. We tend to encounter ourselves into being obsessional and few might have delineated their feelings as going mad for that person. Though all these descriptions appear to be magnifying the words or phrases which we come across in daily life, there appears to have some hidden facts to these thoughts and behaviors. Have you ever thought, from where would be these sensations, obsessional thoughts and sometimes out of character acts arising from? Are there any particular physiological changes occurring in our body which are answerable to the arousal of these feelings?
The knowledge available to biologists have advanced vastly within the previous few decades and are using that information in deciphering the Physiology involved in both combined bonding and being in love. This review could prove engrossing and to converse about the physiological basis of affection, specially metamorphology of love in various phases of life, biological basis, neurochemistry, the neuronal circuits of affection and finally concerning over the myth of ‘ Everlasting Love’
Prevalence Of Musculoskeletal Disorders In Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional study
Get PDFBackground: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health problem. Dialysis is the mainstream method of treatment in these patients. This causes the patients to have a monotonous and restricted daily life, joint pain, limiting their activities after treatment onset. Hence this study was carried out to find the prevalence of common musculoskeletal disorders in patients undergoing haemodialysis in a tertiary care hospital.
Method: 50 participants undergoing dialysis in a tertiary care hospital under the age group of 18-70 years diagnosed with stage V CKD were included using convenient sampling. They were assessed using Nordic Questionnaire to locate the different areas of pain.
Result: The first group consisted of 41 participants who underwent dialysis from 2- 41 months. Body regions commonly affected in the last 7 days were low back 25(60.97%); neck 21(51.21%); shoulder 15(36.58%); elbow 14(34.14%) in the extremity with arteriovenous fistula; upper back 14(34.14%); hips/thighs, knees 9(21.95); wrist/hands 7(17.07%) in the extremity with arteriovenous fistula; ankle/feet 6(14.63%). The second group consisted of 9 participants who underwent dialysis from 42-84 months. Body regions commonly affected in the last 7 days were low back 8(88.88%); upper back 7(77.77%); hip/thigh 6(66.66%); neck, knee 5(55.55%); elbow 4(44.44%) in the extremity with arteriovenous fistula; shoulder, ankle/feet, wrist/hands 3(33.33%).
Conclusion: The study concluded that the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the participants undergoing haemodialysis was low back pain (66%) followed by neck (52%), upper back (42%), shoulder (36%), elbow (36%), hips/thighs (30%), knees (28%), wrist/hands (20%) and ankle/feet pain (18%)
Perception of Tuberculosis Treatment in Tribal area of Akole Block of Ahmednagar, Maharashtra
Get PDFIntroduction: The family’s knowledge and perception of any disease are essential conditions to formulate effective health policies to combat the disease. The tribal populations of India are likely to live discrete hard to reach geographic areas with their common cultural and socio-religious beliefs which are quite different from the general population. The present study was aimed to evaluate attitude with regards to the treatment of tuberculosis among the tribal community in Akole block of Ahmednagar District, Maharashtra. Methods: This was a qualitative cross-sectional study conducted in the tribal community. The study participants were subjected to a well-structured questionnaire which contained questions about the demographics and attitude of the patients concerning tuberculosis. Results: Twenty patients were included in the study, of which 12 (60%) were males while 8 (40%) were females. Majority of study participants opined that the treatment of tuberculosis should be free (19, 95%), agreed that they should disclose their illness to other people (17, 85%), were scared (12, 60%). Only 6 participants felt of being discriminated in the community. It was regarded by most of the participants that pregnant women won’t be affected by tuberculosis (15, 85%). Most of the study participants approached Private practitioner (11, 55%) and Public health care centre (8, 40%) initially, but preferred treatment from Governmental facility (18, 90%) upon the private facility (2, 10%). Conclusion: There has been a change in attitude and treatment-seeking behaviour of people of Tribal community with regards to tuberculosis. The community needs to be educated with regards to tuberculosis to alleviate fear and eliminate misconceptions. Control of TB in tribal areas continues to face some significant challenges
Bone mineral density and its correlation with Vitamin D status in healthy adults of Manipur – A cross-sectional study
Get PDFThe levels of vitamin D have an important effect on bone mass in young and old. Hypovitaminosis D adversely affects calcium metabolism, osteoblastic activity, matrix ossification, bone remodeling, and hence bone density. Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the status of serum 25(OH)D and BMD of healthy adult men in Manipur and also to find out the relationship of 25(OH)D level with BMD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Physiology in collaboration with the Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal from October 2014 to September 2016. 100 Healthy adult males in Manipur in the age group 18-35years and ≥50years were included in the study after obtaining Ethical approval from the Research Ethics Board, RIMS, Imphal. The serum 25-OH vitamin D level was estimated by using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit (IDS immunodiagnostic systems, United Kingdom). The BMD of lumbar spine was determined using enCORE – based X-ray bone densitometer (Lunar Prodigy advance, GE Medical Systems, USA) which is based on DEXA scan. Results: The present study revealed that the majority of subjects with insufficiency of 25(OH)D had low bone mass, whereas all the subjects with 25(OH)D deficiency had BMD readings consistent with osteopenia or osteoporosis in both the age groups. This study also showed a positive correlation between BMD and 25(OH)D in most subjects, particularly in the groups with insufficiency or deficiency of 25(OH)D.Conclusion: In conclusion, the study shows a positive relationship between the serum 25 (OH) D concentrations and BMD.
Keywords: Serum 25(OH)D; Bone mineral density (BMD); Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)