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Investigation of CCL1 rs159294 T/A gene polymorphism in pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients
No full textGiriş: Bu çalışmada amaç, pulmoner ve ekstrapulmoner tüberküloz hastalarındaki, CCL1 rs159294 T/A polimorfizminin tüberküloza yakalanma riski oluşturup oluşturmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmamızda Elazığ ili yöresinde Fırat Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Göğüs Hastalıkları Polikliniğine başvuran, tüberküloz teşhisi konulmuş 160 hasta ve 160 sağlıklı bireyden oluşan kontrol grubuna ait kişilerden periferal kan örnekleri alınarak EDTA içeren tüplere 2 cc olacak şekilde konulmuştur. Bu kan örneklerinden DNA izolasyonu gerçekleştirilerek CCL1 rs159294 T/A polimorfizmi PCR-RFLP analizi yapılarak belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: CCL1 rs159294 T/A polimorfizmi için 160 tüberkülozlu hastanın 98 (%61.3)\\\\\\\'inde TT genotipi, 58 (%36.3)\\\\\\\'inde TA genotipi, 4 (%2.5)\\\\\\\'ünde de AA genotipi, 71 pulmoner tüberkülozlu hastanın 50 (%70.4)\\\\\\\'sinde TT genotipi, 20 (%28.2)\\\\\\\'sinde TA genotipi, 1 (%1.4)\\\\\\\'inde de AA genotipi, 89 ekstrapulmoner tüberkülozlu hastanın 48 (%53.9)\\\\\\\'inde TT genotipi, 38 (%42.7)\\\\\\\'inde TA genotipi, 3 (%3.4)\\\\\\\'ünde de AA genotipi tespit edilmiştir. Kontrol grubunda ise 160 sağlıklı bireyin 100 (%62.5)\\\\\\\'ünde TT genotipi, 58 (%36.3)\\\\\\\'inde TA genotipi, 2 (%1.3)\\\\\\\'sinde de AA genotipi belirlenmiş olup, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık saptanamamıştır.Introduction: The purpose of this study is to reveal whether CCL1 rs159294 T/A polymorphism in pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients pose a risk to catch tuberculosis or not. Materials and Methods: In the study, peripheral blood samples from the control group, which includes 160 patients, who consulted to Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Pulmonology Policlinic in Elazığ province and who were diagnosed with tuberculosis; and 160 healthy individuals, were taken and put into tubes containing EDTA. Each tube contained 2 cc blood samples. DNA isolation was made from these blood samples and CCL1 rs159294 T/A polymorphism was defined with PCR-RFLP analysis. Results: For CCL1 rs159294 T/A polymorphism, TT genotype was found in 98 (61.3%) patients, TA genotype was found in 58 (36.3%) patients, AA genotype was found in 4 (2.5%) patients among 160 patients with tuberculosis; and TT genotype was found in 50 (70.4%) patients, TA genotype in 20 (28.2%) patients, AA genotype was found in 1 (1.4%) patient among 71 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis; TT genotype was found in 48 (53.9%) patients TA genotype was found in 38 (42.7%) patients and AA genotype was found in 3 (3.4%) patients among 89 extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients. And in control group, among 160 healthy individuals, TT genotype was found in 100 (62.5%) individuals, TA genotype was found in 58 (36.3%) individuals, AA genotype was found in 2 (1.3%) individuals and no statistically significant difference was found. Conclusion: CCL1 rs159294 T/A polymorphism do not form an inclination to tuberculosis in our populatio
Determination of Shelf Life of Cold Stored Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis L. 1819)
No full textÇalışmada, restoranlardaki depolama koşulları oluşturularak Karadeniz'in Sinop Bölgesi'nden çıkarılan midyelerin raf ömürleri araştırılmıştır. Kabuklarından ayrılarak polistiren tabaklarda streç filmle paketlenen (A grubu) ve içme suyu dolu cam şişeye konulan midyeler (B grubu) 42C'de 4 gün depolanmıştır. Midyelerin başlangıçtaki ham protein, ham yağ, ham kül ve su miktarları sırasıyla; %7.50, %1.30, % 1.09 ve %87.53, TVB-N, TBARS, pH ve aw değerleri ise sırasıyla; 12.92 mg/100g, 9.42 mg MDA/g, 6.67 ve 0.99 olarak belirlenmiştir. Depolama sonunda A ve B gruplarının TVB-N, TBARS, pH ve aw değerleri 41.38, 37.64 mg/100g; 15.03, 12.86 mg MDA/g; 6.40, 6.56; 0.99 ve 0.99 bulunmuştur. Başlangıçta 3.94 log KOB/g mezofil, 3.23 log KOB/g psikrofil ve 3.80 log KOB/g enterobakter yükü olan midyelerin 4. gün sonundaki yükleri A ve B gruplarında sırasıyla 7.54-7.45, 6.07-6.17 ve 5.88-5.87 olarak bulunmuştur. Analiz sonuçlarına göre streç filmle paketlenen midyelerin 2. gün sonuna kadar, suda saklanan midyelerin ise 3. gün sonuna kadar tüketilebileceği belirlenmiştirShelf life of the mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis L. 1819) collected from the Black Sea Region of Sinop, was investigated under the storage conditions of restaurants. For this purpose, some of the shucked mussels were put in polystyrene plates and wrapped with a stretch film (Group A), while the others were placed in water in glass jar (Group B) and both groups were stored at 4 2C for 4 days. Initial rates of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and water contents are %7.50, %1.30, %1.09 and %87.53 and initial values of TVB-N, TBARS, pH and aw are 12.92 mg/100g, 9.42 mg MDA/g, 6.67 and 0.99 of mussels used in the study, respectively. At the end of the storage period, TVB-N, TBARS, pH and aw values were determined 41.38, 37.64 mg/100g, 15.03, 12.86 mg MDA/g in the group A and; 6.40, 6.56; 0.99 and 0.99 in the group B, respectively. In the mussels, 3.94 log cfu/g mesophyll, 3.23 log cfu/g psychrotrophic and 3.80 log cfu/g enterobacteria counts were found initially, and mesophyll, psychrotrophic and enterobacteria logarithmic counts were 7.54-7.45, 6.07-6.17, and 5.88-5.87 at the end of the 4 day storage in Groups A and B, respectively. According to the results, mussels in polystyrene plates wrapped with stretch film can be consumed until end of the 2nd day, while mussels placed in water in glass jar until end of the 3rd da
Türkiyenin orta Karadeniz Bölgesindeki gökkuşağı alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) nda laktokokkozis ve Lactococcus garvieae etkeninin antimikrobiyal duyarlılığı
No full textBu çalışmada, Türkiyenin Karadeniz Bölgesindeki gökkuşağı alabalıklarından Lactococcus garvieae izole edildi. Hastalık salgını ortalama 16.7C su sıcaklığında Nisan-Mayıs 2009 aylarında görüldü. Hasta gökkuşağı alabalıklarında klinik olarak durgunluk, iştahsızlık, renkte koyulaşma, tek ya da çift taraflı eksoftalmus, korneada opaklaşma, gözlerde, pektoral ve anal yüzgeç tabanlarında hemoraji, karında şişkinlik, vücut yüzeyinde yaralar görüldü. Nekropside vücut boşluğunda kanlı-renkli bir sıvının varlığı, barsak ve midede sarı berrak renkte sıvı ile karakterize asites, dalak ve böbrekte büyüme, renklerinde koyulaşma, karaciğerde büyüme, renginde açılma ve peteşiyel kanamaların olduğu tespit edildi. Hastalık etkenini izole etmek için yaklaşık 50-100 g ağırlığında hasta 20 adet gökkuşağı alabalığı bakteriyolojik incelemelerde kullanıldı. Bakterilerin identifikasyonunda konvansiyonel testler kullanıldı ve hastalık etkeni L.garvieae olarak tanımlandı. İzole edilen L.garvieae suşu, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, enroflaxacin, pristinamycine ve tetracycline duyarlı olduğu tespit edildi.In this research study, we isolated Lactococcus garvieae from rainbow trout in the middle Black Sea region in Turkey. The diseases outbreak occurred at average water temperature of 16.7°C during April-May 2009. Clinically stagnation, inapetence, darkening of the skin, exophtalmia, opacification in the cornea, hemorrhages in the eyes and at the base of pectoral and anal fins, swollen abdomen and wounds on the body surface were observed in infected fish. In necropsy; the existence of accumulation of bloody fluid in the body cavity, ascites in the intestines and the stomach characterized with a yellowish-colored liquid, enlarged and darkening in the spleen and kidney, fading in colour, existence of petechial hemorrhages and enlarged in the liver were detected. In order to isolate the aetiological agent, 20 infected rainbow trout weighting between 50-100 gr were used. As the result of conventional tests used in the identification of the bacteria, the aetiological agent was identified as L.garvieae. The isolated L.gavieae strain was determined as susceptible to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, enroflaxacin, pristinamycine and tetracycline
The Sahıhayn Perception on Andalucia Transmitting Prophetic Traditions and Comparison of East Islamic World
No full textSahih of the al‐Bukhari and Muslim on hadith science is one of the most
important works. Both books are named in the form of Sahîhayn because of
the adoption of sahih hadiths. Sahîhayn, has written to propitiate the Muslims
from periods. Some of them even if they have made assessments of the direction
which one is better. At this point, the different opinions in the world of
Islam has occurred. Eastern Islamic world and against the different approaches
Sahîhayn exhibited in Andalusia. The eastern approach to the Muslim
world at the same rate in both works are introduced, on the hadith of
Muslim Andalusia preferred method Sahîh movement. The fifth and sixth centuries,
Muslim scholars of the Islamic Andalusia Sahîh by reference to the value
of Bukhari gave to the fore while. Sahîhayn understanding of al‐Andalus is
basically a comparison of health. They did not evaluate in this direction on
the two works. Andalusia scholars prefer Sahih Muslim completely methodical
reason.Buhârî ve Müslim’in Sahîh’i, hadis ilminde en önemli eserlerinin başında
gelmektedir. Her iki eserdeki hadislerin sahîh kabul edilmesi hasebiyle
Sahîhayn şeklinde isimlendirilmiştir. Sahîhayn, yazıldıkları dönemlerden itibaren
Müslümanların teveccühünü kazanmıştır. Hatta bazıları onlar arasında
bile hangisinin daha iyi olduğu yönde değerlendirmeler yapmışlardır. İslâm
dünyasında bu noktada farklı kanaatler izhar edilmiştir. Doğu İslâm dünyası
ile Endülüs’te Sahîhayn’a karşı farklı yaklaşımlar sergilenmiştir. Doğu İslâm
dünyasında her iki esere aynı oranda bir yaklaşım ortaya konulurken, Endülüs’te
Müslim’in hadisler ile ilgili metodundan hareketle Sahîh’ini tercih etmişlerdir.
Hicri beşinci ve altıncı asır Endülüs âlimleri Müslim’in Sahîh’ini ön
plana çıkarırken Buhârî’ye de atıflar yaparak değer vermişlerdir. Endülüs’teki
Sahîhayn anlayışı temelde sıhhat kıyaslaması değildir. Onlar her iki eser hakkında
bu yönde bir değerlendirme yapmamışlardır. Endülüslü âlimlerin Müslim’in
Sahîh’ini öncelemelerinin sebebi tamamen metodik boyuttadır
Morphometric and allozymic differences between Bearded Tit Panurus biarmicus (Aves: Passeriformes) subpopulations in a large wetland and a small pond in central Anatolia, Turkey
No full textThe Bearded Tit (Panurus biarmicus) is a small passerine bird occurring only in wetland habitats. Three subspecies of the Bearded Tit are known from Turkey. The endemic subspecies Panurus biarmicus kosswigi has only been recorded from Amik Lake in Turkey. This subspecies is now considered extinct; the apparent cause of this extinction was the drought affecting the lake. Other subpopulations might be similarly threatened by habitat loss. Therefore, it is important to investigate the morphometric characteristics and genetic variation of these local subpopulations. In this study, body weights and 12 morphometric characters were measured for Bearded Tit individuals in the Eber Lake and Behiçbey reedbed subpopulations. Statistically significant differences were found in extended wing length, maximum wing chord, and weight between the 2 subpopulations. Allozymic variation was also studied in the 2 subpopulations. Genetic variation was assessed using isozyme systems, and 8 of 21 loci (Pgm, Me-I, Me-II, Fum, Est, Mpi, Pgd, and Acon-M) were found to be polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci was higher at Eber Lake (P95% = 38.1%) than in the Behiçbey reedbed (P95% = 33.3%). The mean FST (0.048) and Nm (5.0) values showed high levels of gene flow between these subpopulations
Density Functional Theory Study on Conformers of Benzoylcholine Chloride
No full textThe optimized molecular structures and vibrational frequencies and also gauge including atomic orbital (GIAO) 1H and 13C
NMR shift values of benzoylcholine chloride [(2-benzoyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride] have been calculated using
density functional theory (B3LYP) method with 6-31++G(d) basis set. The comparison of the experimental and calculated infrared
(IR), Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra has indicated that the experimental spectra are formed from
the superposition of the spectra of two lowest energy conformers of the compound. So, it was concluded that the compound
simultaneously exists in two optimized conformers in the ground state. Also the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis has supported
the simultaneous exiting of two conformers in the ground state. The calculated optimized geometric parameters (bond lengths and
bond angles) and vibrational frequencies for both the lowest energy conformers were seen to be in a well agreement with the
corresponding experimental data
Social responsibility and citizenship awareness in "this is my work" science projects in terms of citizenship education
No full textVatandaşlık eğitimi bireylere içinde bulundukları demokratik topluma en iyi bir şekilde hazırlamak için gerekli bilgi, beceri ve değerler kazandırmayı hedeflemektedir. Fen, farklı kültürlerden birçok insanın katkıda bulunduğu, uzun bir tarihi ve kendine özgü özellikleri olan bireysel ve sosyal bir faaliyettir. Bu durum, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından 2006 yılından beri gerçekleştirilmekte olan “Bu Benim eserim Matematik ve Fen Bilimleri Proje Yarışması” kapsamında gerçekleştirilen projelerin, ekonomik ve sosyal yarar ilkesi ile gerçekleştiriliyor olması ile de yakından ilgilidir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada 2006 yılından beri her yıl ülke çapında gerçekleştirilmekte olan “Bu Benim Eserim Matematik ve Fen Bilimleri Proje Yarışması” kapsamında ilk 100’e giren 455 Fen Bilimleri projesinin içeriğinin “Vatandaşlık Bilinci” açısından sorgulaması yapılmaktadır. Çalışmada projelere konu seçiminde temel çıkış noktası olan fikir ön plana alınarak, her bir proje “Vatandaşlık Bilinci” açısından incelenmiştir. Yarışma kapsamında son yedi yılda gerçekleştirilen Fen Bilimleri ile ilgili projeler, gerçekleştirilmesinde önemli bir hareket noktası teşkil eden “Vatandaşlık ve Sosyal Sorumluluk Bilinci” ile ilgili içerik bakımından içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Değerlendirmeler, proje yarışmasında gerçekleştirilen öğrenci çalışmalarının büyük oranda sosyal sorumluluk anlayışından hareketle ortaya çıktığı, toplum ve çevrenin bir bakımdan sorununun çözülmesi vb. toplumsal yaşamın temel insani değerleri olarak kabul edilmesi gereken hususları içerdiği daha da önemlisi projelerin bu konulardan hareketle üretildiğini ve gerçekleştirildiğini ortaya koymaktadır.Science is an individual and social activity with a long history, having unique characteristics, and is contributed to its development by many people from different cultures. This is closely related with the principle of economic and social benefits for the society as it is in the context of "This is My Work: Math and Science Projects Competition" carried out by the Ministry of National Education since 2006. Therefore, this study examined the notion of "Citizenship Awareness" in each of 455 Science and Technology projects which were among the top 100 projects in "This is My Work: Math Science Projects Competition" carried out across the country every year since 2006. For the methodology, Science projects entered the competition for the last seven years were subjected to content analysis in terms of content on "Citizenship and Social Responsibility." Conclusions were finally made with idea that student works in the projects competition were largely emerged from and implemented with an understanding of social responsibility; solving a problem in the society and environment; consciousness of environmental protection; cleanliness and the health; aesthetics; hazard prevention and safety of life; helping disabled people as one of the basic human values of the social life
Midwifery role in malpractice cases related to oxytocin application.
No full textOxytocin application is one of the medications in order to maintain of health for labor is important initiatives to increase the
malpractice risk. In oxytocin administration that is responsibility of doctor, midwifery, and nurse in practice. Midwifes have an
important role role in preparation and implemantation of intravenous solution is containing oxytocin, monitoring of fetal and
maternal complications. Malpractice claims rise as a results of not showed the expected behavior from midwifes who have
knowledge,skill, attention and care. Thus in studies have been made on malpractice, rates of forensic case vamong midwifery
are %10. With this rewiev is aimed to emphasize the role of midwifery in malpractice cases due to oxytocin application
The Responses of Ascorbate - Glutathione Cycle Enzymes in Seedlings of Pancratium maritimum L. under Drought Treatments
No full textIn this study, physiological and biochemical responses of (Pancratium maritimum L.), desert plant which is very widespread on coastal sand dunes to drought were determined. Therefore 28 days (d) old plants were drought stressed by withholding water for 5 and 10 days. The changes in relative growth rate (RGR), relative water content (RWC) lipid peroxidation, and ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes activity ((ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR, EC 1.6.5.4)) were investigated. Relative growth rate, relative water content were both decreased on the 5 and 10d of stress treatment while it was higher on the 10d. MDA content increased on the 10d while it did not change on the 5d. On the other hand, activities of APX, GR, DHAR and MDAR increased on the 5d but were not change on the 10d. These results suggest that ascorbate – glutathione cycle enzymes were efficient to prevent from oxidative damage under short term of drought stress in (Pancratium maritimum L.) plants
Sinop Yarımadası Kıyıları (Karadeniz, Türkiye) Makroalg Biomasındaki Değişimler
No full textBu araştırmada, Karadeniz’in Sinop Yarımadası çevresindeki denizel makroalglerin ekolojik durumlarını belirlemek için mevcut alg türlerinin komposizyon ve biyokütlesindeki mevsimsel ve yıllık değişimler incelenmiştir. Alg örnekleri 0-0,5 m arasındaki kayalık substratumlarda beş ayrı istasyondan 2010 yılı boyunca aylık olarak kuadrat kullanılarak elle toplanmıştır. Bu araştırma sonunda, 9’u Chlorophyta, 8’i Heterokontophyta ve 13’ü Rhodophyta olmak üzere toplam 30 takson tespit edilmiştir. Bir yıl boyunca en yüksek biomas değeri 8515,5 g/mkuru ağırlık ile Hamsilos, en düşük değerler ise Dışliman (2466,0 g/m kuru ağırlık) ve Öztürkler (2485,0 g/mkuru ağırlık) istasyonlarından tespit edilmiştir. Bray-Curtis benzerlik analizine göre istasyonlar mevsimsel olarak üç ayrı grup altında toplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, kirlenmemiş istasyonların daha yüksek biomas değerine ulaştığı, insan etkilerinin daha belirgin olarak görüldüğü yerlerde önemli düzeyde azalış gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.In this study, seasonal
and annual variations in seaweed species composition and biomass were examined to determine
the ecological status of macroalgae around the Sinop Peninsula, Black Sea. Algal samples were collected monthly from five
stations at zero to 0
.
5 m depth on rocky
substrata with quadrat by hand during 2010. As a result of this study, a total of 30 taxa
were identified, comprising 9 Chlorophyta, 8
Heterokontophyta
and 13 Rhodophyta. The total highest biomas value (8515
.
5 g
dw m
-
2
) was obtained from Hamsilos station a
nd th
e lowest from Dışliman (2466
.
0 g dw m
-
2
) and Öztürkler (2485
.
0 g dw m
-
2
)
stations, throughout the year. Based on Bray
-
Curtis similarity values, the stations can be classified in three groups. As a result,
the highest values of biomass were found to be in t
he unpolluted stations, while a progressive decrease in such values was
observed in stations where the effects of the anthropogenic pressure became more marked