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Physiochemical characteristics, nutritional properties and health benefits of palm oil: A review
Full text linkSince some decades palm oil obtained from tropical plant, Elaeis guineneensis has become major concern due to its high yielding characters. It can solve many health-related issues of humans and also used as economic development tool by many countries. It is basically lipid, which is extracted from mesocrap, a flashy part of palm oil tree. This oil is higher in oleic acid and lower in palmatic acid, so it is easy to process into vegetable oil. In crude palm oil, there are approximately 11 distinct carotenoids. Amongst these, Alfa and beta carotenes are the two most important carotenoids in palm oil. Palm oil, as an antioxidant, is frequently used to treat cancer in addition to being a nutrient-rich source of food, making it very significant for human health. Palm oil's fatty saturated acid to unsaturated acid ratio is very near to one. There is discussion about its effects on the environment as well as human health, so we decided to review all the articles related physiochemical characteristics, nutritional properties and health benefits of palm oil. In conclusion, palm oil emerges as a versatile commodity with significant economic and nutritional value, highlighted by its high productivity and diverse applications. However, the balance between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in palm oil necessitates careful consideration due to its implications for cholesterol levels and cardiovascular health. As research continues to unveil both benefits and concerns associated with palm oil consumption, further exploration and nuanced understanding are crucial for informed decision-making and sustainable utilization in various sectors. © 2020 The Author(s
RPA - The Nation's Renewable Resources - An Assessment, 1975
Full text linkExcerpt from the Preface: …this study provides an analysis of the present situation and the outlook for (1) outdoor recreation and wilderness, (2) wildlife and fish, (3) forest-range grazing, (4) timber, and (5) water. It includes statistical data on the ownership and condition of the Nation's 1.6 billion acres of forest and range lands and associated inland waters; recent changes in forest and range resources; trends in the consumption and prices of major products; the prospective demand, supply, price outlook to 2020; and opportunities for increasing supplies of products and improving productivity. Data are also presented on international trade in forest and range products and the forest resources of important trading countries. The last section of the study discusses the kinds of data and scientific information needed to provide an adequate quantitative basis for future assessments of this kind and for the determination of the sizes and combinations of programs that would most effectively and efficiently meet the Nation's future demands for forest, range and inland water products
Effect of seed priming and seed dressing on germination and growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Full text linkThis research is conducted to examine the impacts of several seed treatments such as scaling of seed on early growth and other developmental parameters of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop. The vigorous seeds of cotton genotype “GH-Uhad” were sown in different growth media including loamy soil, brick red soil, ash, press mud, bio-fertilizer and in control zone after treatment with amino acids, potash, sugar, moringa leaf extract, and water. Results showed that only 2.5 days were taken to exhibit the shortest mean emergence time with ash and bio-fertilizer treatment and the longest time with 5.2-5.23 days were required with loam and press mud. For growth parameters, the tallest cotton plants (47 cm) were measured with highest fresh shoot (43.5 g) and fresh root (4.3 g) weight with loam and PGR (plant growth regulator) Treatment in comparison of press mud treatment with shortest plant height (33.5 cm), lowest weight of fresh shoot (14.4 g) and fresh root (1.5 g). In case of dry root weight, loam and PGR treatments displayed the highest weight (1.34 g), while the press mud had the lowest (0.39 g). In addition, the longest root length (21 cm) was recorded with the treatments of loam and PGR however the brick red Treatment had the shortest root length (11.75 cm). Overall, the results demonstrate that seed dressing with bio-fertilizers, especially in loam soil, can significantly enhance cotton germination and early growth, suggesting its potential for improving cotton crop performance in arid regions. © 2021 The Author(s
Effect of biochar-based rhizobium biofertilizer on groundnut production
Full text linkGroundnut (Arachis hypogaea L) belongs to the leguminosae family and is cultivated as cash and oil crop. To obtain its high yield, synthetic fertilizers are being used, but they have negative effects on soil microbes including Rhizobium. To resolve this issue, the use of biofertilizer instead of synthetic fertilizer is an alternative option. Therefore, this study was planned to use biochar-based biofertilizers for groundnut production. Quality parameters of biochar based biofertilizers were observed. The four treatments T1 (Control), T2 (Recommended fertilizer N/P 30-100 kg ha-1), T3 (Biochar + Half N/P 15-50 kg ha-1) and T4 (Biochar) were used for the production of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) variety “Bari 2016”. The quality parameters results revealed that after six months, the number of cells reduced from 106/g carrier to 104/g carrier and moisture content from 40% to 16% while there was no change in pH (7). In a field experiment, Data indicated that T3 (Biochar + Half N/P 15-50 kg ha-1) showed the best results as compared to other treatments. T3 showed the maximum number of pods per plot (633), pods per plant (64), mature pods (59), and immature pods (5). Out of 59 mature pods, T3 showed 58 filled pods and 1 unfilled pod. Among 58 filled pods, T3 showed 15 pods had 1 seed, 19 pods had 2 seeds and 24 pods had 3 seeds. Similarly, T3 showed maximum plant height (21.2 inches), no of branches (36), No. of lateral roots (142), root length (9.8 inches) and root nodules (115) per plant. The data was recorded at harvesting time. The 100 seed weight 65.3 g and shelling percentage 68.9 % were recorded. It was concluded that biochar has a positive impact on groundnut yield. The research finding will be helpful in future for farmers to select biofertilizers as an alternative to synthetic fertilizers for obtaining high yield and maintaining soil health. © 2023 The Author(s
Evaluation of agronomic performance and grain yield stability of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes in East Shewa zone, Oromia
No full textA field experiment was conducted at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, as well as in the Lume and Dugda Districts, during the main cropping seasons of 2022 and 2023. The purpose of this study was to identify stable and high yielder bread wheat genotypes in the East Shewa Zone across three distinct districts. These districts exhibit varying environmental conditions and altitudes, with a diversity of soil types characterized by differing compositions. A total of fifteen genotypes were precisely evaluated utilizing a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant effects of genotype, environment, and their interaction on grain yield. Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis indicated that the environment significantly influenced yield, accounting for 48.78% of the total variation, followed by genotype (23.89%) and genotype × environment interaction (16.19%). The first two interaction principal components (IPCA-I and IPCA-II) explained 44.6% and 27.7% of the genotype × environment interaction, respectively, and were used to assess stability. Based on stability parameters (ASV and GGE-Biplot) and mean grain yield, genotypes G-6, G-1, and G-5 were identified as stable and high-yielding candidates for potential release. AMMI and GGE-biplot analyses revealed specific adaptation patterns among genotypes, with some performing better in particular environments. These findings highlight the importance of multi-environmental trials for accurate genotype evaluation. Given their yield and stability, genotypes G-6, G-1, and G-5 were promising resources for improving bread wheat productivity in East Shewa Zone and similar agro-ecologies. We recommend further validation trials and farmer participatory evaluations to ensure acceptability and performance under on-farm conditions. Additionally, these superior genotypes could be used as parents in future breeding programs. © 2024 The Author(s
National Farm Program Data, 1932-1940: West Virginia Highlights
No full textContents: Part One: Farm Income (Cash Farm Income and Cash Income from Principal Farm Products – Prices of Farm Commodities – Farm Purchasing Power – Farm Real Estate Values and Farm Foreclosures, Sales and Bankruptcies – Payments to Farmers Under A.A.A. Programs – Crop Insurance – Farm Credit and Farm Debt Adjustment – Commodity Loans – Export Payments and Distribution of Surplus Foodstuffs) --- Part Two: Conservation and Wise Use of Agricultural Resources (Agricultural Conservation Programs – Soil Conservation Service Programs – Forest Service Programs) --- Part Three: Greater Security and Better Living on the Land (Farm Security Administration Programs – Rural Electrification Administration Programs) --- Part Four: Strengthening Democracy Through the Farm Programs (Participation in A.A.A. Programs – Results of A.A.A. Referenda – Farmer Committees in the National Farm Programs – Land Use Planning by Farmers)
ARMS & Other NASS Datasets
Full text linkObjectives: Identify NASS Data Collection Programs --- Identify Surveys Collecting Data on Conservation Programs and Practices --- Identify Datasets Produced from Surveys
Economic Outcomes of Soil Health and Conservation Practices on U.S. Cropland
Full text linkThe use of soil health and conservation practices has the potential to benefit society and agricultural producers through improvement in soil health, water quality, agricultural productivity, and other ecosystem services. However, there are costs associated with implementing such practices, and the net benefit to the producer and to society depends on how the practice is implemented, the production system, weather, climate, soils, and other variables. In addition, the factors affecting a producer’s decision to implement soil health and conservation practices are complex. These factors include expectations about short- and long-run profitability, the risk and uncertainty associated with the practices, and behavioral factors such as producer willingness to take on risk, peer effects, and stewardship identity. This report provides conceptual framing and background on soil health management, producer decision making, and economic outcomes of soil health and conservation practices; documents trends in the adoption of key soil health and conservation practices on cropland; reviews key findings on the economic effects of soil health and conservation practices; and provides new results on the relationship between selected practices and the yields and costs at the field level and farm-level productivity and technical efficiency
Wpływ nadzoru korporacyjnego na transparentność polityki wynagradzania kadry kierowniczej w bankach w Polsce
No full textThe article seeks to assess the transparency of remuneration policy vis-à-vis senior executives in Polish banks from 2005 to 2013 based on a sample of 16 banks listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE). The study attempts to identify factors that determine the transparency of executive remuneration policy. This is measured by an index based on the level and structure of remuneration, along with the policy on variable components of executive pay, the functioning of board compensation committees, and long-term incentive programs based on shareholding. The authors find that WSE-listed banks are steadily increasing the disclosure of their remuneration policies. The biggest changes in this area occurred in 2012 as a result of new regulations, the authors note. The study shows that there is a positive relationship between the disclosure of executive remuneration policies and corporate governance mechanisms such as compensation committees as well as the role of pension funds in the banks’ ownership structures. The degree of ownership concentration may indirectly affect the transparency of executive remuneration policy through corporate governance processes and mechanisms that banks operating in Poland borrow from markets where their parent companies are listed, the authors say. They add that the most transparent executive remuneration policies exist in banks controlled by investors from English-speaking countries. An above-average level of remuneration policy disclosure has been observed in large banks and those whose CEOs receive higher pay than their counterparts in other banks
Ile jest wolnych miejsc pracy w Polsce?
No full textThe study undertakes to establish how many employment opportunities were available to job seekers in Poland from 2007 to 2014. The authors analyze how many vacancies there were in the market during this period and how this figure changed depending on the business cycle. The authors use different vacancy data sets from sources including Poland’s Central Statistical Office (GUS), Public Employment Services (PSZ) and online job offers. The main research method used is an analysis of the cyclical properties of time series. The authors find that the number of vacancies in Poland increased from the first quarter of 2007 to the second quarter of 2014. They also conclude that the number of online job ads largely depended on the business cycle and that cyclical changes in job offers as a whole occurred slightly ahead of cyclical changes in employment and unemployment. The number of online job offers was the highest in provinces with relatively high GDP per capita, the authors say. In the first part of the analyzed period, the labor market showed significant shortages of skilled workers. The unemployment rate initially declined rapidly, but it later rose. This was in part due to a mismatch between job seekers and vacancies in the Polish labor market whereby employee qualifications did not match job requirements. One of the key factors determining adverse developments on the Polish labor market is low labor force mobility, the authors conclude