University of Minnesota, Duluth
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Isolation and molecular detection of Fowl pox and Pigeon pox viruses for the development of live attenuated vaccine seeds from the local isolates
Get PDFAvipox is a viral disease of fowl and pigeon which is characterized by proliferative and nodular lesions in the feather-free parts of the skin or fibro-necrotic and proliferating part in the mouth, esophagus, and mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. This investigation was carried out with an aim to isolate and molecular detection of Fowl pox virus (FPV) and Pigeon pox virus (PPV) for development of live attenuated vaccine seeds from the local virus isolates. In this study, nodular lesions were collected from seven pigeons and four chickens from different areas of Mymensingh in Bangladesh which were affected by pox. Viral inoculums were prepared and DNA materials were extracted for PCR-based identification of P4b genes. Detection of virus was confirmed by PCR following propagation into 9-11 days old embryonated chicken egg (ECE) and also chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell culture All the field samples were found positive for FPV and PPV by PCRR. These field isolates were propagated and attenuated in duck embryo through CAM route and duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cell culture for the development of live attenuated vaccine seeds. Attenuation of both FPV and PPV were successful in duck embryo through CAM route and duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cell culture after serial six passages. Attenuation of the virus was confirmed by inoculation into experimental birds. Inoculation of attenuated FPV and PPV in chicken and pigeon respectively exhibited no pox lesions whereas control chicken and pigeon inoculated with field isolates develop nodular lesions. Both FPV and PPV were confirmed from both groups of birds by PCR. These attenuated local isolates of FPV and PPV could be used as potential vaccine candidates for the prevention and control of fowl pox and pigeon pox in Bangladesh
Comparative profitability of sole pineapple, pineapple-papaya and pineapple-banana-arum cultivation in Tangail District of Bangladesh
Get PDFThe focus of the study was to evaluate the comparative profitability of sole pineapple, pineapple-papaya and pineapple-banana-arum cultivation at Madhupur and Ghatail Upazilas of Tangail district in Bangladesh. Data from 90 randomly selected farmers, 30 each from sole pineapple, pineapple-papaya and pineapple-banana-arum categories, were collected through face-to-face interview using a set of pre-tested questionnaires. Profitability analysis was used to estimate the comparative profitability and Cobb-Douglas type production function technique was used to identify the factors influencing gross return. The major findings of the study revealed that sole pineapple, pineapple-papaya and pineapple-banana-arum cultivation in the study areas were profitable, among which, pineapple-papaya cultivation was relatively more profitable than the two other patterns. It was evident from Cobb-Douglas type production function that seed, human labour, fertilizer, insecticide, power tiller, and manure had a significant impact on gross return from sole pineapple, pineapple-papaya, pineapple-banana-arum production
Climate-induced historical drift of reference evapotranspiration in Mymensingh region of Bangladesh
Get PDFReference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is essential for planning and management of irrigation to ensure optimum utilization of a region’s available water resources. ETo being an indicator of atmospheric evaporative demand provides a measure of the integrated effect of climatic parameters like solar radiation, wind, temperature and humidity. Variation of these climatic parameters over long period of time alters ETo. The modified ETo is crucial for periodic adjustment of irrigation planning and management. This study evaluated variation of ETo and contribution of the climatic parameters to ETo-variation in Mymensingh region of Bangladesh by analyzing climatic data of 28 years (1990–2017). ETo was determined by FAO Penman-Monteith method and trends of ETo and its governing climatic parameters were evaluated by MAKESENS trend model. The ETo-governing climatic parameters revealed contrasting trends, which also varied in different months of the year. Net radiation and wind speed showed decreasing trend, while temperature and saturation vapor pressure deficit showed increasing trend. In spite of contrasting contributions of the climatic parameters, their combined effect reduced ETo with a resulting decreasing trend of the monthly average daily ETo over the months of the year except July. These results enhance our understanding of the effects of climate change on ETo and can help correct-planning of water resources for irrigated agriculture
Effects of hydropriming on seed germination, seedling growth and yield of bitter gourd
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted to find out the effects of hydropriming on seed germination, seedling growth and yield of bitter. Two single factor experiments were conduced at the laboratory and field of Seed Science and Technology Department following completely randomized design with three replications and randomized complete block design with five replications, rspectively. The experiments comprised six soaking treatments viz. T0: untreated (control), T1: tap water (around 25º ± 2º C) for overnight, T2:cold water (12ºC) for 5 min, T3: cold water (12ºC) for 10min, T4:cold water (12ºC) for 15min, T5: hot water (45ºC) for 5 min and T6: hot water (45ºC) for 10min soaking. The highest germination (88.0%) was obtained from T5 treatment and the lowest germination (30.0%) was recorded in control treatment. It was also observed that T5 treatment exehibited superior performances in respect of most of the parameters studied in the laboratory as well as in fiield experiment as compeared to control treatment. In respect of fruit yield per plant, maximum number of fruits obtained from T5 treatment (16 fruits/plant) followed by T6 (14 fruit/plant), T1 (12 fruit/plant), T2 (12.0 fruit/plant), T3 (11.2 fruit/plant) and T4 (11.2 fruit/plant) and the minimum number of fruits per plant recorded from the control treatment (7.6). From the findings of these study it can be concluded that bitter gourd seeds soaked in hot water at 45ºC for 5 min could improve seed germination, expedite seedling growth and eventually increase the yield of fruit
Ethnobotanical uses of plants by Brangkuah Community of Moyo Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Get PDFAn ethnobotanical study at Moyo Island, West Nusa Tenggara was carried out to record the traditional knowledge and utilization of plant species there. It is expected that traditional knowledge can play a role in natural resource management systems which can be used in conservation programs. This research was conducted with field observational methods in the Moyo forest and interviews with local people that have knowledge about utilization of plants. There are about 48 species of plants which are utilized by the Brangkuah Community in Moyo Island. Most of them are collected from the forest and 21% (10 species) are cultivated. Local people also use plants for medicine 41% (21 species), food 39% (20 species) and building materials 16% (8 species). The Brangkuah have started to cultivate several plants which are used as building material and food plants which previously collected from the forest. The Brangkuah community has conserved useful plants for their daily life. It is expected that the forest is sustainable
Women employment in agricultural sector: Effects on livelihoods
Get PDFWomen in Bangladesh are involved with agriculture in planting, harvesting and post-harvest processing. Present study investigated the socio-economic, hygienic and maternal health of the women working in agricultural sector (employee) and women who are involved in other works (non-employee) in the same community to evaluate impacts of agriculture on women life style. Data was collected from Chittagong, Dinajpur and Mymensingh district using questionnaire survey. The survey results revealed that medium household size (61.9% and 57.8%), primary education (51.4% and 49.1%), married (93.6% and 91.4%) was dominant among employee and non-employee women, respectively. Average monthly household income and expenditure of the employees were Tk. 11532 and Tk. 8926, respectively while in non-employee women were Tk. 9686 and Tk. 7848, respectively. Most of the employee and non-employee women had facilities for drinking tube-well water (91.9% and 81.5%) and use polli electricity (69.9% and 68.2%) in the areas. This indicates that higher income from agriculture has a positive impact on life style of employee women. Clean house, hand washing, garbage disposal and ingredients wash before cooking constituted highest percentage of the respondents in both cases. Current study revealed that health check during pregnancy, T.T. coverage and normal delivery process was good among the employee women. Body Mass Index (BMI) results revealed that 68.2% employee women was under normal weight while 42.8% non-employee women was underweight. Besides, obesity rate was significantly higher among the non-employee women (25.4%) which is only 2.9% among the employee community. The study observed and suggesting that employee women in agriculture have better life style, more income, hygiene practice, good maternal health and better nutritional status than the non-employee women in the same community
Design and fabrication of an aerator cum oxygen accumulator for live fish transport
Get PDFBangladesh secured the third position in freshwater fish and fisheries product producing country where around 4.134 million metric ton of fish is extracted annually. Fish transporting in traditional method reduces fish freshness and thus causes serious economic loss. Further, for live fish transportation, maintaining water quality is a challenge, with the course of time, oxygen, pH and temperature of water deteriorate. Considering this issue, a study was undertaken to construct simple, low energy consumed aerator-cum-oxygen accumulator for live fish transport. A 12-volt 3-ampere DC motor operated 1100 GPH bilge pump was modified with the venturi principle to construct the aerator. The experiment was conducted to evaluate its performance for live fish transport and compared with the results in a condition of with and without an aerator. 45 (forty-five) numbers of Rohu fish (Labeo Rohita) with an average weight of 378 g were put in a tank of 650 liters for this experiment. After six hours of the test, different parameters were measured in both conditions. With the device, dissolved oxygen and pH level were found as 9.3 mg/l and 7.8 and without the device, dissolved oxygen and pH level were found 6.2 mg/l and 7.1, respectively in six hours of operation. On the other hand, without the device, the dissolved oxygen level decreased from 6.5 mg/l to 2.2 mg/l and pH level increased from 8.30 to 9.70 in six hrs of the test. Besides, by using, the device mortality rate of fishes was zero but without the device, the mortality rate was 11.11%. Water temperature changing was insignificant during the experiment. Results indicate that for reducing losses of fish and increase the income of fisherman, this device might be suitable for live fish transport
Conclusions : Remarques sur la croissance et l'organisation d'une agriculture moderne dans les pays socialistes de l'Est Européen
Get PDFLa lutte pour la possession de la terre en vue de ses usages agricoles et non agricoles
Get PDFLand as private property is reduce in as much as collective acquisitions for public purposes develop, especially through urban growth. At the same time, there exists a competition for land between individuals, farmers or non farmers, for different uses. Farmers try to enlarge their farms, too small to, be economically satisfactory, and urban inhabitants try to get rural space for their leisure time. The farmers, who now own about half of the farm land, buy more land than they sell. However, urban purchases have an impact on the landmarket, especially in price matters. This anarchic competition should be replaced by complementarity and an organization of the aspirations of the farmers and the urban inhabitants. This is why it is necessary to treat this problem together with general, country planning, and structural , reorganization
Croissance et concentration dans l'industrie laitière
Get PDFThe structures of the French dairy industry has entered a phase of rapid reorganization in seven years, 1 705 dairy units (out of 6 000) have « disappeared ». After appreciating the importance of this concentration, the authors have tried to analyse the technical' and economic factors which influence the growth of dairy firms. The essential phenomenon is the growth of a small number of big firms. This' growth seems to take two main directions : — control of the market of new products — control of a high-consuming geographical area