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Antibiotics In Animal and Poultry Feeds – A Critical Review of Research
No full textContents: Introduction --- Antibiotics in Swine Production --- Antibiotics and Poultry Performance --- Antibiotics in Rations of Dairy Animals --- Antibiotics and Beef Production --- Antibiotics in Sheep Production --- Antibiotics and Fur Animal Production --- Antibiotics and Rabbit Production --- Antibiotics as Feed Additives for Horses --- Areas of Future Research with Antibiotics --- Literature Cited (citations to 81 publications)
Economic Consequences of the Restricted Use of Antibiotics at Subtherapeutic Levels in Broiler and Turkey Production
No full textThe purpose of this report is to investigate the economic implications of the FDA proposal on broiler and turkey production. The first section is a cursory examination of substitution possibilities and the effect of their use. The second section is a reexamination of the benefits of antibiotic feeding, disregarding all substitution possibilities, to complement a report on antibiotic feeding to livestock submitted earlier. The results of the two sections establish the minimum and maximum bounds about the potential economic impact
Benefits of Adopting Measures to Facilitate Trade: A Case Study on Forest Permits for Exporting Horticultural Products
No full textGovernments often mandate that traders secure permits before importing or exporting certain products to fulfill objectives such as protecting endangered species, endemic flora, and ensuring consumer safety. The time, cost, and unpredictability associated with obtaining these permits impact the competitiveness of businesses engaged in international trade. This research brief outlines steps to overcome various obstacles that hinder the streamlining, simplification, and automation of these processes to make them more business friendly. Using the issuance of forest permits for horticultural exports as a case study, it shows how adopting steps to facilitate trade can reduce trade costs and strengthen regulatory oversight
Development of a Supply Chain Management Platform for Rubberwood Biomass in Southern Thailand
No full textThis research aims to manage biomass raw materials in line with industrial needs by developing a platform that links stakeholders in the rubberwood biomass supply chain in southern Thailand. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology was applied to build a database and estimate rubber plantation areas. The trees were grouped by age into three categories: 14–20, 21–27, and over 27 years. The platform also provides information on garden and factory locations, including sawmills, rubberwood processing plants, biomass production plants, and biomass power plants in 14 southern provinces. The system, available on Android and iOS, supports users in making decisions about transportation costs such as distance, time, and fuel. Results from the technology transfer show that the platform is practical, matches user requirements, and is used effectively. The average user satisfaction scores were 4.538 for function and 4.504 for overall use, reflecting the platform’s usefulness and acceptance among stakeholders
Convergencias entre resiliencia comunitaria, convivencia con el semiárido y agroecología en el Semiárido Brasileño
No full textSemiarid regions experience seasonal droughts of varying intensity over the years. In the Brazilian semi-arid region, political, economic, and social elements must be considered, since they are implicated in the impacts of the phenomenon. Between 2012 and 2019 there was a major drought with impacts on agriculture, livestock, and the population's food security. During this period, we observed groups of farmers who maintained their production, feeding their families and supplying the cities through fairs. These agroecosystems and their management groups are the public involved in this research, which aims to analyze the resilience of agroecosystems managed by peasants in the Brazilian semi-arid region, in communities assisted by non-governmental organizations guided by Coexistence with the Semi-Arid and Agroecology, with a focus on coloniality, agroecosystem management, access to water, public policies and the role of social innovation. The methodology used was the Extended Case Method, with field visits guided by participant observation, daily records in field notebooks, photographic records, a timeline, and documentary analysis. The selected qualitative data was analyzed using MAXQDA software. The main findings revealed a negative relationship between community resilience and coloniality and an ambiguous relationship between faith and religiosity. There is a positive relationship between community resilience and access to water, access to knowledge, an increase in agrobiodiversity, marketing, a reduction in social isolation, an increase in community cooperation, and a clear leading role for women through the fairs. The research also showed that there is a need to access and acquire knowledge and skills. In addition, associations, advisory services, and networks play a crucial role in strengthening community resilience. The process of consolidating agroecology in the Brazilian semi-arid region stands out
Evaluación de tres raciones alimenticias en la producción familiar de patos Pekin (Anas platyrhynchos)
No full textThe production of duck meat is of great importance in addressing food security challenges, especially when obtaining quality proteins is difficult. Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) provide a valuable source of protein and nutrients, and their ability to adapt to environmental conditions is less demanding than other birds, making them a significant resource for food production. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the body development of ducks fed with three types of rations, and determine which of them yields the best results in terms of body weight gain, economic profitability, and market acceptance, within a family production system. Ninety-six ducks were used, and four feeding treatments were applied: i) T1 (B70-M30) balanced 70%, corn and passion fruit 30%; ii) T2 (B50-C50) balanced 50%, corn and alfalfa 50%; iii) T3 (B/M30- A/W20) balanced 30%, corn 30%, oats 20%, wheat 20%; and, iv) T0 (M100) 100% corn. The main results revealed that treatment T3 (B/M30- A/W20) showed the most efficient feed conversion (4.35) and also achieved adequate carcass performance, indicating a more effective use of food resources in their nutrition. Additionally, this treatment stood out in the economic analysis of cost-benefit (1.86), demonstrating a significant difference compared to other treatments, indicating it would yield higher profits. On the other hand, market acceptance of the product found that consumers prefer slaughtered duck as it is the healthier option for them compared to smoked duck, for example. This suggests that the food combination in T3 (B/M30- A/W20) would be the most suitable option for raising ducks in a family production system, as it would lead to greater development and economic benefit
Comercio agroalimentario entre Colombia y Venezuela: un estudio basado en el modelo de corrección de errores
No full textThis study investigates the long-term commercial relationship in the agri-food sector between Colombia and Venezuela during the 2004-2023 period, employing a rigorous Error Correction Model (ECM). The research is grounded in annual bilateral trade data, integrating strategic macroeconomic variables such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of both countries and their respective exchange rates. Econometric methodology encompasses a systematic analytical sequence. Initially, unit root tests were conducted to establish the integration order of time series, followed by cointegration tests designed to verify the existence of a long-term structural equilibrium relationship. The implementation of the Error Correction Model allowed for simultaneous capture of short-term dynamics and adjustment mechanisms toward economic equilibrium. The main findings revealed a statistically significant cointegration, evidencing a profound agri-food commercial interdependence between Colombia and Venezuela. The model's adjustment coefficient indicates a rebalancing velocity in response to temporal deviations, suggesting a rapid adaptation capacity of commercial flows. Additionally, the study identified complementary insights regarding the impact of economic and political disruptions on bilateral trade patterns. The research contributes a novel perspective to specialized literature on agri-food trade in Latin America, providing detailed insights into the commercial dynamics between both countries in a sector of crucial economic and strategic importance. The conclusions offer significant implications for commercial and agricultural policy design, especially within a context characterized by high economic volatility and transformations in bilateral relations. The analysis constitutes a valuable tool for policymakers, academics, and investors interested in understanding regional economic interconnections
Factors affecting the exports of Hass avocado from Virú (La Libertad, Peru) to the US
No full textThe knowledge and application of marketing strategies by small and medium producers of avocado for exports in the La Libertad region of Peru is limited. Therefore, this article analyzes the business opportunity of Hass avocado (Persea americana) for the US market and aims to highlight the relevant factors that facilitate achieving profitability for the producer, through a descriptive and non-experimental quantitative study. 29 avocado producers were surveyed in Virú province, in the La Libertad region, an important producing area in Peru to identify and describe value-generating activities for exportable avocados. Authors investigated ways to develop market opportunities through communication channels and marketing. The main findings pointed out that the avocado from this region, with yields greater than 10 tons per hectare, have good fruit quality and productivity in small and medium-sized areas. Indeed, they are the best in the country to produce Hass avocado managed for export, and from its organization they could have a better productive offer. However, the traditional production system, seasonal production (March-August), farms with less than 5 hectares per producer, little knowledge about customers, their choice, use and acquisition of the product, among other factors, remain part of the benefits. Marketing strategies that adapt to the styles of the US market are necessary for organizations to grow and increase their profitability. In this case, implementing surveys by producers of the proposed marketing plan to increase profitability by expanding placement capacity and developing the avocado production chain to improve supply to the market at more competitive prices are recommended actions (i.e., marketing planning and market expansion that adapts to the needs of the target market). A net present value of US$ 3.1 million has been projected with an internal rate of return of 93%. Statistical verification of these results modeled the increase in exporters' profits through the implementation of marketing
Suggested Project Design, Mauritanian Component of the OMVS Regional Grain Stabilization Project
No full textThe Mauritanian component of U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) assistance to the OMVS (Organization for Development of the Senegal River Valley) Regional Grain Stabilization Project is authorized under Non-Capital Project Paper, Project No. 625-11-150-500, April 2, 1972, and revised March 1972. The long-run objective of this project is to involve the countries of Mali, Mauritania, and Senegal (members of the OMVS) in a regional program to manage cereal grain supplies. The project authorizes technical assistance and other funding inputs for an initial effort (FY 72-FY 75) to develop relevant and complementary domestic cereal grain supply management programs in each OMVS member country as a basis for initiating effective regional cooperation
The lure of Chinese loans : Sri Lanka’s experiment with a special framework to finance its infrastructure investments
No full textChina was the leading provider of external finance to Sri Lanka for infrastructure development during 2010-2016 accounting for 37% of the total. Sri Lanka borrowed USD 5,895 million from China for infrastructure development during this period. More than half of these loans from China (53%) came through a special regulatory framework set up in 2010, enabling the government to entertain unsolicited proposals (USPs) for public funded infrastructure projects circumventing the normal competitive procurement process. This research paper analyses the design and the actual practice of this special regulatory framework. The analysis aims to assess the extent to which the design and the actual execution of the special framework facilitated the realization of its intended objectives