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Schematism and Technology from Kant to Simondon: Towards an Experiential Schematism of the Imagination
Full text linkThis article explores the evolution of the concept of \u27schematism\u27 from the work of Emmanuel Kant to that of Gilbert Simondon. It focuses on how these philosophers link imagination to the understanding of images and technical objects. Kant defines schematism as the process by which the imagination connects pure concepts with sensory information obtained through experience, thereby creating a link between understanding and intuition. In contrast, Simondon reconceptualises schematism as a process central to the dynamics of invention and technological experience. He critiques the traditional notion of imagination as a mental faculty for producing internal images. Instead, he argues that imagination is primarily a mode of reception and interaction with external images, whether material or mental. According to Simondon, images and, by extension, objects possess an autonomy and dynamism, acting as mediators between humans and the world. To further explore this concept of imagination, we will demonstrate how Simondon reinterprets Kant\u27s schematism in the context of technological invention. He thus redefines imagination as participatory and experiential engagement with material reality. His philosophy offers an original version of Kant\u27s schematism by positioning technology as a metaphysical field of openness, through which imagination becomes the key to understanding invention as a co-creative process between humans and the dynamic world of things.
Résumé (french)
Cet article explore l\u27évolution du concept de « schématisme » d\u27Emmanuel Kant à Gilbert Simondon. Kant définit le schématisme comme le processus par lequel l\u27imagination lie les concepts purs aux data sensibles issues de l’expérience, établissant ainsi un pont entre l’entendement et l\u27intuition. Simondon reconceptualise le schématisme comme un processus central à la dynamique de l\u27invention et à l\u27expérience technologique. Il remet ainsi en question la notion traditionnelle de l\u27imagination en tant que faculté mentale permettant de produire des images internes. Il soutient plutôt l’idée que l\u27imagination est avant tout un mode d’accueil et d’interaction avec des images provenant de l\u27extérieur du sujet, que celles-ci soient matérielles ou mentales. Selon lui, les images et, par extension, les objets possèdent une autonomie et un dynamisme qui leur permettent d\u27agir comme médiateurs entre les humains et le monde. Pour nourrir cette pensée de l’imagination, nous souhaitons montrer que Simondon réinterprète le schématisme de Kant à la lumière de l’invention technologique. Il en vient ainsi à redéfinir l\u27imagination comme un engagement participatif et expérientiel avec la réalité matérielle. Sa philosophie offre ainsi une version originale au schématisme de Kant, en positionnant la technologie comme un champ métaphysique d\u27ouverture par lequel l\u27imagination devient la clé pour comprendre l\u27invention comme un processus co-créatif entre les humains et le monde dynamique des choses
Runaway Male Fantasies: A Cybernetic Interpretation of Becoming-Fascist
Full text linkThis article offers a cybernetic interpretation of the role the imagination plays in fascism. First, I address Deleuze and Guattari’s response to Reich, who according to them adequately poses the problem of fascism by asking how the masses came to desire their own repression, but who supposes two distinct realities — the rational socio-economic reality and the irrational sexual or psychic reality of desire — thus reintroducing the idea of deception into his explanation. Then I discuss how, in contrast to this, Deleuze and Guattari, and later Theweleit, focus on fantasies and on groups in order to account for fascist desire. Drawing on Bion’s group dynamics, I discuss Guattari’s distinction between the subjected group and the subject-group, which he associates with two different group fantasy functions, and I show that in the subjected group, group fantasies take on a repressive function of cybernetic totalisation, which can be considered as microfascist and proto-totalitarian. The relation between microfascism and molar fascism remaining somewhat unclear in Deleuze and Guattari’s writings as well as in Theweleit, I end by suggesting that we can account for this relation by looking at it as a runaway process, where existing, segregative and homogenising microfascist tendencies are reinforced through positive feedback originating from cultural productions like speeches, propaganda, popular songs and literature, etc., which produce redundancies and resonance with the existing system. When this kind of aberrant process goes together with and exacerbates a culture of repression, which blocks out many of the pathways for desire, it tends to develop into a violent line of abolition, where the only possible desire left is the desire for death and destruction.
Cet article propose une interprétation cybernétique du rôle que joue l’imagination dans le fascisme. Tout d’abord, j’aborde la réponse de Deleuze et Guattari à Reich, qui, selon eux, pose de manière adéquate le problème du fascisme en se demandant comment les masses en sont venues à désirer leur propre répression, mais qui suppose deux réalités distinctes — à savoir la réalité socio-économique et la réalité sexuelle ou psychique du désir — réintroduisant ainsi l’idée de déception dans son explication. Ensuite, je montre comment, en réponse à Reich, Deleuze et Guattari, et plus tard Theweleit, se concentrent sur les fantasmes et sur les groupes afin d’expliquer le désir fasciste. En m’appuyant sur la dynamique de groupe de Bion, j’aborde la distinction entre groupe-sujet et groupe assujetti, que Guattari associe à deux fonctions différentes du fantasme de groupe, en démontrant que dans le groupe assujetti, le fantasme de groupe fonctionne de manière répressive, en opérant une totalisation cybernétique microfasciste et proto-totalitaire. La relation entre microfascisme et fascisme molaire restant quelque peu floue dans les écrits de Deleuze et Guattari ainsi que chez Theweleit, je termine en suggérant que l’on peut rendre compte de cette relation en la considérant comme un processus cybernétique de dérapage ou de fuite, où les tendances microfascistes existantes, ségrégatives et homogénéisantes, sont renforcées par une rétroaction positive provenant de productions culturelles telles que les discours, la propagande, les chansons et la littérature populaires, etc., qui produisent des redondances et des résonances par rapport au système existant. Lorsque ce genre de processus aberrant s’accompagne d’une culture de répression et l’exacerbe, bloquant les voies au désir, il tend à se développer en une ligne violente d’abolition, où le seul désir possible restant est le désir de mort et de destruction
Imagination in the scientific process
Full text linkThis article aims to demonstrate that the theory of multi-modal scientific decentering, far from neglecting the question of scientific imagination, in fact provides a renewed framework through which to approach it. Initially introduced in La Société de l’Invention (2018) and further elaborated in its methodological sequel La Philosophie du Paradoxe (2024), the theory of multi-modal scientific decentering had, until now, not directly addressed the issue of scientific imagination. This omission stemmed from the fact that the theory arose in response to a more fundamental and global dual problem. For this reason, we first recall what is meant by “multi-modal scientific decentering”. Only in a second step we address the specific nature of scientific imagination, understood precisely as shaped and constrained by the methodological decentering unique to each scientific discipline. Scientific imagination, inasmuch as it serves the aim of explaining phenomena, is neither merely reproductive nor freely productive (or creative) as is artistic imagination ; rather, it must invent what responds to a problem posed by the observed phenomena. Moreover, an exemplary instance of scientific progress — such as the transition from Newtonian to Einsteinian physics, which will be discussed here — was made possible through a form of productive imagination that operated not by addition but by subtraction : commonsense certainties, such as that of absolute simultaneity, became mere hypotheses, now deemed unnecessary
Introduction
Full text linkWelcome, readers, to the inaugural volume of the Kansas Undergraduate Journal of International Studies (KUJIS). In an attempt to highlight the amazing work of undergraduate researchers tackling global and international issues from a breadth of perspectives, this journal aspires to be a multi-disciplinary home for research on topics from any appropriate tradition; e.g., International Studies, Political Science, Cultural Studies, Anthropology, Economics, Sociology, or Gender Studies
Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Jewell County, Kansas
Full text linkThis report describes the geography, geology, and ground-water resources of Jewell County in north-central Kansas. The county has an area of 915 square miles and in 1950 had a population of 9,698. Jewell County lies in the Great Plains Pliocene to Cretaceous ground-water province. The county has three types of topography--the deeply dissected uplands in the northern and central parts of the county, a level or gently sloping plain which bounds the uplands on the east and south, and alluvial valleys.
The rocks that crop out at the surface in Jewell County are sedimentary, ranging in age from Late Cretaceous to Recent. The oldest rocks exposed in the county are sandstone and shale beds of the Dakota formation, which crops out in a small area on the south side of Buffalo Creek valley in the southeastern corner of the county. The Dakota is overlain by a conformable series of marine upper Cretaceous rocks classified, in ascending order: Graneros shale, Greenhorn limestone, Carlile shale, and Niobrara formation. Unconsolidated continental deposits of fluviatile and eolian origin represent at least three stages of the Pleistocene. These deposits include the Meade formation of Kansan age, in the northeastern part of the county between Republican River and White Rock Creek. Stream-laid deposits of the Meade formation also fill a narrow valley extending northward from near Mankato. Volcanic ash deposits and associated silt beds in the northwestern and southern parts of the county also are a part of the Meade formation. Later Pleistocene deposits that are present in Jewell County include terrace deposits of Illinoian and Wisconsinan age, the Loveland and Peoria silt members of the Sanborn formation, and Recent alluvium.
Ground-water recharge in the area is largely from local precipitation; ground-water discharge is mainly by seepage into streams and transpiration by plants. All municipal supplies and most domestic and stock supplies are obtained from wells. Most wells in the county are drilled or dug. No irrigation is practiced in Jewell County. On the whole, ground-water supplies are small.
Ground water in Jewell County is generally hard but otherwise suitable for most uses, except for water from certain wells which is excessively high in dissolved solids content or in nitrate.
The field data upon which this report is based are given in tables. They include records of 259 wells, chemical analyses of water from 36 representative wells, and logs of 13 test holes
Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Linn County, Kansas
Full text linkLinn County is located along the Kansas-Missouri boundary in east-central Kansas and is a nearly square area of about 605 square miles. The relief in this area is moderate, and the topography is characterized by northeast-trending cuestas that face southeast. The county is located mostly within the Marais des Cygnes River drainage basin and contains a segment of this river in its northeastern part.
Pennsylvanian rocks, Desmoinesian and Missourian Stages, are exposed in the county and have an aggregate thickness of 660 feet. The dominant lithology is shale followed by limestone, sandstone, and minor amounts of coal. Rocks in this part of Kansas are gently tilted to the northwest at about 20 feet per mile.
All but the smallest tributary stream valleys are filled to some depth with locally derived and unconsolidated materials. These materials are mainly clay and silt with several feet of medium to coarse gravel near the base. Thickness of these valley-fill deposits ranges from several feet in smaller stream valleys to 50 feet in the principal valleys.
Approximately 780 feet of Arbuckle Group (Cambrian and Ordovician), 20 feet of Devonian, 320 feet of Mississippian, and 400 feet of Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) rock underlie the oldest outcropping Pennsylvanian rocks in Linn County.
Small domal structures of modest relief and a number of small-scale structures related to compaction and collapse are noted at the surface. Two apparent collapse-related structures in southeastern Linn County are associated with lead and zinc mineralization.
Only very small quantities of ground water are obtained from Pennsylvanian rocks in Linn County. Yields rarely exceed 1 gallon per minute and are normally barely sufficient for domestic purposes. Limestones are the most productive aquifers, and limestones of the lower part of the Kansas City Group are the best of the bedrock aquifers.
Ground water below a depth of about 100 feet in this area is normally too highly mineralized for use. However, in areas in Missouri close to the southeast corner of Linn County, water is obtained from the Cherokee Group at depths of 400 to 600 feet. At still greater depths in this area, large quantities (150 gallons per minute) of highly mineralized water are obtained from Ordovician rocks and moderate quantities (10 gallons per minute) from Mississippian rocks.
Large quantities (30 to 100 gallons per minute) of good quality water are obtained from properly constructed and developed wells in Illinoisan and Wisconsinan valley-fill deposits, mainly from thin gravel deposits near the base
New Neotropical cleptoparasites in the genus Austrostelis (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
Full text linkThree new species of cleptoparasites of the rare genus Austrostelis Michener & Griswold are described. Austrostelis mexicana Griswold n. sp. and A. costaricensis Griswold n.sp. represent a northern extension of the genus into Mesoamerica while A. bicolor Griswold n. sp. from Venezuela adds to our limited knowledge for northern South America. A key to the species from Mesoamerica and northern South America is provided
The Role of the Cedar Hills/Lyons Sandstone Aquifer in the Dissolution of Halite Cement from Siliciclastic Sediments of the Permian Nippewalla Group in the Syracuse Basin in Western Kansas and Eastern Colorado
Full text linkThe Syracuse Basin presents a rare opportunity to study a salt- and salt-cement-dissolution system over an extremely large area. Abundant geophysical well-log control spanning the salt- bearing interior sediments and their lateral salt-dissolved equivalents is available to define and characterize this salt-dissolution phenomenon. Detailed regional mapping using this abundant well-log database reveals a broad salt-cement-dissolution halo around the entire perimeter of the Syracuse Basin in Nippewalla Group siliciclastic sediments radiating outward from the central salt-preserved interior of the basin.
Five areas around the perimeter of the basin were selected for detailed study to illustrate the dominant role of the Cedar Hills/Lyons Sandstone aquifer in the salt-dissolution system. The Cedar Hills/Lyons Sandstone stands out as the most prominent and regionally widespread aquifer within Permian sediments of the Syracuse Basin and surrounding region. Detailed regional subsurface mapping and cross sections presented in this paper clearly show that this high-quality confined aquifer delivered (and is still delivering) groundwater that is unsaturated with respect to sodium chloride and is responsible for this major regional phenomenon of dissolution of halite in salt-cemented siliciclastics.
We will show that water unsaturated with sodium chloride encroaches on salt-bearing siliciclastic units of the Nippewalla Group in the Syracuse Basin by first invading the Cedar Hills/Lyons Sandstone, where the water is under hydrostatic pressure. Unsaturated water then is forced down into the underlying Salt Plain Formation and Harper Sandstone, dissolving interstitial salt in those formations, and may then go deeper and dissolve the Stone Corral salt. Unsaturated water in the Cedar Hills/Lyons is locally forced upward to dissolve some or all of the overlying Flowerpot salt—mainly where the overlying Y-anhydrite aquitard is absent.
A preliminary semi-regional resistivity map is presented for the Cedar Hills/Lyons Sandstone aquifer. Dramatic resistivity contrasts between fresher unsaturated recharge groundwaters (with higher resistivity readings of 10 to 20+ ohm-meters) and highly saline brines (with ultra-low resistivity readings of less than 0.1 to 0.5 ohm-meters) associated with salt-dissolution events can reveal clues about modern- and paleo-hydrologic history as well as about the dissolution and flushing history of the highly saline brines created by this process.
Semi-regional dissolution “halo” maps and resistivity (water-salinity) maps are herein generated by well-log studies of the Nippewalla Group evaporitic sediments in the Syracuse Basin region. Oil and gas regulatory agencies may use these maps in well permitting, plugging, and underground injection control (UIC) activities (saltwater-disposal permitting). Industry personnel can use these maps in well planning and design in the areas affected by salt and salt-cement dissolution. Additionally, oil and gas seismic surveys could benefit by consulting the regional dissolution “halo” maps to assist in avoiding seismic-velocity pitfalls that could interfere with data interpretation.
Although Permian aquifers in close association with evaporitic sediments are not typically developed for domestic use because of their poor water quality, hydrologists may be interested in mapping these saline aquifers to gain an understanding of their potential to cross contaminate nearby freshwater aquifers. This is particularly true when underlying highly saline confined aquifers could discharge upward into a shallower, overlying freshwater aquifer
Treatise Online no. 186: Part R, Revised, Volume 1. Evolutionary history of decapod groups: Anomura
No full textA new species of Duckeanthidium Moure & Hurd (Megachilidae: Anthidiini) from Colombia, with notes on D. thielei Michener in Panama
Full text linkA new species of the Neotropical genus Duckeanthidium Moure & Hurd is described and illustrated from the Amazon basin in Colombia. Duckeanthidium silvicola Guevara & Gonzalez, new species, is known from the female and exhibits intermediate features between the Central American species D. thielei Michener and the Amazonian species D. atropos (Smith). In addition, we report long-term observations on D. thielei from Panama for the first time, along with notes on nesting and sex ratio.